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爛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 烂
爛 U+721B, 爛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-721B
← 爚
[U+721A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 爜 →
[U+721C]
爛 U+F91E, 爛
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91E
← 欄
[U+F91D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 蘭 →
[U+F91F]

Translingual

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Han character

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爛 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 97820, composition ⿰火闌)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 687, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2249, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+721B

Chinese

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trad. 爛
simp. 烂

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 爛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘭 *ɡ·raːn
攔 *ɡ·raːn
欄 *ɡ·raːn
瀾 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns
讕 *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌 *ɡ·raːn
韊 *ɡ·raːn
幱 *ɡ·raːn
籣 *ɡ·raːn
躝 *ɡ·raːn
爛 *ɡ·raːns
爤 *ɡ·raːns
鑭 *ɡ·raːns
糷 *ɡ·raːns
斕 *ɡ·reːn
揀 *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns
柬 *kreːnʔ
暕 *kreːnʔ
諫 *kraːns
練 *ɡ·reːns
鍊 *ɡ·reːns
煉 *ɡ·reːns
楝 *ɡ·reːns
萰 *ɡ·reːns
堜 *ɡ·reːns
湅 *ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nōa - vernacular;
  • lān - literary.
Note:
  • nuan7 - vernacular;
  • lang6 - literary.
Rime
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 郎旰切
Baxter lanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lanH/
Li
Rong 		/lɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/lɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		làn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		làn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁan-s/
English cooked until soft

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 爛
Reading # 1/1
No. 6130
Phonetic
component 		柬
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		爛
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·raːns/

Definitions

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爛

  1. (of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed
    爛蘋果／烂苹果  ―  làn píngguǒ  ―  rotten apple
  2. well-cooked; soft; mushy
    佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zung1 ji3 di1 syu4 zai2 zyu2 dak1 hou2 laan6. [Jyutping]
    He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.
  3. broken; fragmented; shattered
    佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zing2 laan6 kei4 taa1 jan4 di1 je5 dou1 m4 zi1 co3. [Jyutping]
    He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.
  4. low-quality; poor; lousy
    爛gag／烂gag [Cantonese]  ―  laan6 gag [Jyutping]  ―  bad joke
    我的英文很爛。／我的英文很烂。  ―  Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn.  ―  My English is awful.
  5. to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
  6. completely; thoroughly
  7. bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent
  8. (Cantonese) to be addicted to
    Synonym: 嗜 (shì)
    爛瞓／烂𰥛 [Cantonese]  ―  laan6 fan3 [Jyutping]  ―  to habitually sleep too much; to be a lover of sleep
    爛賭／烂赌 [Cantonese]  ―  laan6 dou2 [Jyutping]  ―  fond of gambling
  9. (Cantonese) extremely
    抵到爛／抵到烂 [Cantonese]  ―  dai2 dou3 laan6 [Jyutping]  ―  to be extremely cost-effective; to be a great bargain
  10. Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 爛 (“rotten; decayed”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 爛
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 爛
Singapore 爛
Southern Min Tainan 爛
Penang (Hokkien) 爛
Singapore (Hokkien) 爛
Jieyang 糜
Singapore (Teochew) 糜

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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爛

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. be sore
  2. inflamed
  3. bleary
  4. fester

Readings

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  • Go-on: らん (ran)
  • Kan-on: らん (ran)
  • Kun: ただれる (tadareru, 爛れる)

Korean

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Hanja

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爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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爛: Hán Nôm readings: lạn, láng, rạn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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