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射

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
射 U+5C04, 射
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C04
← 尃
[U+5C03] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 尅 →
[U+5C05]

Translingual

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Han character

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射 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 24200, composition ⿰身寸)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
  • Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5C04

Chinese

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trad. 射
simp. # 射
alternative forms 䠶
𢎤
𨉛
𨈡

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 射
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謝 *ljaːɡs
榭 *ljaːɡs
射 *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ
麝 *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 弓 (“bow”) + 矢 (“arrow”) – to shoot a bow. In the bronze inscriptions, a hand (又) drawing the bowstring was added. Hence, a conservative variant is 𢎤.

Later the bow and arrow on the left became 身 before or during the clerical script period, and the hand came to be written 寸.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b/m-la-j (“bow, arrow”); cognate with Tibetan མདའ (mda', “arrow”), Burmese မြား (mra:, “arrow”), Garo bra (“arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • xia1 - vernacular;
  • xie7 - literary.
Note:
  • sha5 - vernacular;
  • she4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 射
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
    /sɤ⁵³/
    Jinan /ʂə²¹/
    Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
    Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
    Xining /ʐɛ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
    Chengdu /se¹³/
    Guiyang /sɛ²¹³/
    Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
    Nanjing /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
    /zo²³/
    Suzhou /zo³¹/
    /zoʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
    Wenzhou /zei²²/
    Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
    /ɕia²²/
    Tunxi /ɕia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
    /ʂa⁵⁵/ ～石头
    Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /sa⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²²/
    Nanning /sɛ²²/
    Hong Kong /sɛ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sia²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sia²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ia⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /sia³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tia²³/
    Rime
    Character 射
    Reading # 2/4
    Initial (聲) 船 (27)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 神夜切
    Baxter zyaeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʑiaH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʑiaH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʑiaH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʑiaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʑiaH/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʑĭaH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/d͡ʑʰi̯aH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		se6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 射
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zyæH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.lAk-s/
    English shoot; archer

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 射
    Reading # 1/4
    No. 11223
    Phonetic
    component         		射
    Rime
    group         		暮
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		射
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢljaːɡs/

    Definitions

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    射

    1. to shoot (an arrow); to fire
    2. to launch; to eject; to project
    3. to emit; to radiate
    4. to guess
    5. to allude to
    6. to seek; to pursue
    7. (colloquial) to ejaculate
    8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) archery

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Rime
    Character 射
    Reading # 4/4
    Initial (聲) 船 (27)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 食亦切
    Baxter zyek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʑiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʑiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʑiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʑiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sik6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 射
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ zyek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.lAk/
    English hit with bow and arrow

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 射
    Reading # 3/4
    No. 11226
    Phonetic
    component         		射
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		麝
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢljaːɡ/

    Definitions

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    射

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to hit with bow and arrow

    Pronunciation 3

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    Rime
    Character 射
    Reading # 1/4
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羊謝切
    Baxter yaeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiaH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiaH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iaH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jiaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/iaH/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭaH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/i̯aH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		je6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 射
    Reading # 2/4
    No. 11225
    Phonetic
    component         		射
    Rime
    group         		暮
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		夜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laːɡs/

    Definitions

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    射

    1. Used in 射干 (yègān).
    2. Used in 僕射／仆射 (púyè).
    3. Used in 姑射.

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 4

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    Rime
    Character 射
    Reading # 3/4
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 昔 (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 羊益切
    Baxter yek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/iɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭɛk̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jik6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 射
    Reading # 4/4
    No. 11228
    Phonetic
    component         		射
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		繹
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laːɡ/

    Definitions

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    射

    1. Used in 無射／无射.
    2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 斁 / 𭣧 (“to detest; to be weary of”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    射

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. shoot
    2. archery

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyaeH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    射 (eumhun 쏠 사 (ssol sa))

    1. hanja form? of 사 (“to shoot”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyek).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    射 (eumhun 맞힐 석 (machil seok))

    1. (literary) hanja form? of 석 (“to hit with bow and arrow”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yaeH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    射 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 야 (byeoseul ireum ya))

    1. (historical) hanja form? of 야 (“title of an official”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 4

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    From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yek).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation

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    Hanja

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    射 (eumhun 음률(音律) 역)

    1. hanja form? of 역 (“eleventh note of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    射: Hán Nôm readings: xạ, dạ, dịch

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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