灶

See also: 竈 and 竃

灶	U+7076, 灶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7076

← 灵
[U+7075]

CJK Unified Ideographs

灷 →
[U+7077]

Translingual

Traditional	竈/灶
Shinjitai (extended)	竃
Simplified	灶

Han character

灶 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 火土 (FG), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿰火土)

Derived characters

𢭭

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18869
Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2189, character 4
Unihan data for U+7076

Chinese

trad.		灶/竈
simp.		灶
alternative forms		竃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (圥) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
灶	*ʔsluːɡs
竈	*ʔsluːɡs
鼀	*sʰluɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 火 (“fire”) + 土 (“soil”).

Etymology

See 竈 (OC *ʔsluːɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zào (zao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄠˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zao⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zou³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dau⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): zau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): cho

(Meixian, Guangdong): zau⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): zau³
Eastern Min (BUC): cáu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zao⁴ / zor⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chàu / chò / chò͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): zao³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsau
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zau⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zào
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zào
  - Wade–Giles: tsao⁴
  - Yale: dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaw
  - Palladius: цзао (czao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zao⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zou³
  - Yale: jou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cho
  - Hakka Romanization System: zo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡so⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zau⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sau⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sau⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cáu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑu²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zor⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒ⁴²/

Note:

zao4 - vernacular;
zor4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàu
  - Tâi-lô: tsàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaux
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sau²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò
  - Tâi-lô: tsò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡so¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chò͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ⁴¹/

Note:

chàu - vernacular;
chò/chò͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zao³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsàu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsau
  - MiniDict: tsau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zau⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɒu̯⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsawH

Rime
Character	灶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	則到切
Baxter	tsawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɑu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɑu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɑu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡saw^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sɑu^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sɑu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsluːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灶
Reading #	1/1
No.	8528
Phonetic component	圥
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	竈
Old Chinese	/*ʔsluːɡs/
Notes	五音集韻俗竈字

Definitions

灶

stove; range
kitchen
(Chinese folk religion) kitchen god
祭灶 ― jìzào ― to offer sacrifices to the kitchen god

Synonyms

(kitchen): 廚房／厨房 (chúfáng), (literary) 爨室 (cuànshì)
(kitchen god):

Dialectal synonyms of 灶神 (“kitchen god”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		灶神, 灶君, 灶王爺
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	灶王爺
	Taiwan	灶神, 灶君, 灶王爺
	Chengde	灶王爺
	Ulanhot	灶王爺
	Tongliao	灶王爺
	Chifeng	灶王爺
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	灶王爺
	Heihe	灶王爺
	Qiqihar	灶王爺
	Harbin	灶王爺
	Jiamusi	灶王爺
	Baicheng	灶王爺
	Changchun	灶王爺
	Tonghua	灶王爺
	Shenyang	灶王爺, 灶王
	Jinzhou	灶王爺, 灶王, 灶君
	Singapore	灶神, 灶君
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	灶王爺
	Tangshan	灶王爺
	Cangzhou	灶王爺
	Baoding	灶王爺, 灶火爺
	Shijiazhuang	灶王爺
	Lijin	灶王爺爺, 灶王
	Jinan	灶王爺
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	灶王爺
	Dandong	灶王爺
	Yantai	灶王爺
	Yantai (Muping)	灶王老爺, 灶神
	Qingdao	灶王爺, 灶王
	Zhucheng	灶王爺
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	灶王爺, 老灶爺
	Lingbao	老灶爺, 灶爺
	Jining	灶君家老爺, 灶君老爺
	Wanrong	灶火爺, 灶爺
	Linfen	灶爺爺
	Shangqiu	灶王爺, 灶神, 老灶爺
	Yuanyang	老灶爺, 灶爺
	Zhengzhou	老灶爺
	Xinyang	灶王爺
	Baihe	灶王爺, 灶司爺
	Xi'an	灶神, 灶王爺
	Baoji	老灶爺, 灶爺
	Tianshui	灶爺
	Xining	灶爺, 灶老爺
	Xuzhou	灶老爺, 灶馬子, 灶馬, 灶君馬兒, 灶君, 灶王爺, 老灶爺
	Fuyang	灶神, 老灶爺
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	灶神爺爺, 灶王爺
	Bayanhot	灶老爺
	Lanzhou	灶王爺, 灶家爺, 灶爺
	Dunhuang	灶王爺
	Hami	灶王爺
	Ürümqi	灶王爺
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	灶神菩薩, 灶神, 灶王爺
	Nanchong	灶神菩薩
	Dazhou	灶神菩薩
	Hanyuan	灶神爺
	Xichang	灶王爺, 灶神爺
	Zigong	灶神菩薩, 灶神
	Chongqing	灶王爺, 灶神菩薩, 灶王菩薩
	Wuhan	灶王爺, 灶王, 灶神, 司命菩薩
	Yichang	灶王爺, 灶神爺
	Xiangyang	灶王爺, 灶王
	Tianmen	灶神
	Guiyang	灶神菩薩, 灶王爺
	Zunyi	灶神菩薩
	Bijie	灶神菩薩
	Liping	灶神菩薩, 灶公公
	Zhaotong	灶君菩薩
	Dali	灶君老爺
	Kunming	灶王爺, 灶爺, 灶神, 灶君公公, 灶君
	Mengzi	灶神爺
	Guilin	灶王爺
	Guilin (Lingui)	灶神
	Liuzhou	灶王公, 灶王爺, 灶王
	Liuzhou (Luorong)	灶王
	Nanning (Wuming)	灶王爺, 灶君老爺
	Jishou	灶神菩薩
	Changde	灶神菩薩
	Hanzhong	灶王爺, 灶爺, 灶神
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	灶爺爺, 灶老爺
	Yangzhou	灶老爺
	Lianyungang	灶王爺, 灶老
	Lianshui	灶老爺
	Nantong	灶家老爺, 灶家菩薩
	Anqing	灶王爺
	Wuhu	灶公菩薩
	Hefei	灶王爺
	Hong'an	灶王爺, 灶王菩薩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	灶君, 灶神, 灶老爺
	Hong Kong	灶君, 灶君老爺
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	灶君爺
	Macau	灶君
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	灶君
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	灶爺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	灶君
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	灶君
	Foshan	灶君
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	灶君
	Foshan (Shunde)	灶君
	Foshan (Sanshui)	灶君
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	灶君
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	灶君
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	灶君
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	灶司
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	灶君
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	灶神
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	灶神
	Taishan	灶菩薩, 灶伯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	灶菩薩
	Enping (Niujiang)	灶菩薩
	Heshan (Yayao)	灶神
	Dongguan	灶君爺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	灶君大王
	Qingyuan	灶君
	Fogang	灶君
	Yingde (Hanguang)	灶頭阿君
	Yangshan	灶頭君
	Lianshan (Butian)	灶君
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	灶君
	Shaoguan	灶君爺
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	灶君爺
	Renhua	灶神
	Lechang	灶神爺
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	灶君
	Sihui	灶君
	Guangning	灶君公
	Deqing	灶君
	Huaiji	灶君公
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	灶翁, 灶君
	Yunfu	灶君
	Xinxing	灶君老爺
	Luoding	灶君
	Yunan (Pingtai)	灶君
	Yangjiang	灶君
	Xinyi	灶公
	Lianjiang	灶神
	Nanning	灶王爺, 灶君, 灶神爺
	Wuzhou	灶君老爺, 灶公
	Yulin	灶君
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	灶公
	Guiping	灶君老爺
	Mengshan (Xihe)	灶公
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	灶君老爺
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	灶公
	Baise	灶君老爺
	Bobai	灶君
	Lingshan	灶公
	Pubei	灶神
	Qinzhou	灶君
	Beihai	灶君
	Ningming	灶君
	Hengzhou	灶君公
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	灶頭翁
Gan	Nanchang	灶爺, 灶神
	Nanchang County (Tacheng)	灶神
	Hukou	司命爹爹
	Lushan	灶神爺
	Gongqingcheng (Jiangyi)	灶神爺
	Xiushui	灶公大王
	Pengze	司米老爺
	Poyang	司命爺仂
	Hengfeng	灶神公公
	Leping	獅面公仂
	Gao'an	灶王爺
	Fengxin	灶神
	Shanggao	灶神菩薩
	Wanzai	灶神
	Xinyu	灶王爺
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	灶鬚公
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	灶公公
	Nanfeng	灶額公公
	Yihuang	灶額公公
	Lichuan	灶額公公
	Pingxiang	司命娘娘
	Lianhua	司命娘娘
	Ji'an	火神菩薩
	Yongfeng	灶神爺
	Taihe	司命娘娘
Hakka	Meixian	灶神, 家神
	Xingning	灶神
	Dabu (Xihe)	灶君爺
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	灶主老爺, 灶主阿公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	灶神
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	灶公爺, 灶頭阿公
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	灶頭阿公
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	灶公
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	灶公
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	灶君爺
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	灶爐阿公, 灶神
	Wuhua (Changbu)	灶君爺
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	灶神爺
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	灶神
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	灶君
	Jiexi	灶君爺
	Luhe	灶頭神
	Changting	灶君菩薩
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	灶君老爺
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	灶君老爺, 灶君
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	灶公爺
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	灶君爺
	Liancheng (Peitian)	灶神
	Liancheng (Juxi)	灶頭嬤
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	灶神
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	灶君, 灶頭神
	Yudu	灶君公公, 灶君婆婆
	Ningdu	灶神
	Ruijin	灶精老太
	Shangyou (Shexi)	灶君奶奶
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	灶君奶奶
	Dingnan	灶頭娭毑
	Longnan	灶頭娭毑
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	灶君爺, 灶神, 司命灶君
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	灶君爺, 灶君, 灶神, 司命灶君
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	灶君爺, 灶神, 司命灶君
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	灶君爺, 灶公爺, 灶神, 司命灶君
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	灶君爺, 灶神, 司命灶君
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	灶神
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	灶頭阿公
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	灶神
	Mashan (Pianlian)	灶王公
	Sabah (Longchuan)	灶
	Singkawang	灶君爺
	Bangkok (Meixian)	灶君爺
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	灶頭伯公
Huizhou	Jixi	灶司老爺
	Shexian	灶司菩薩
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	灶司菩薩, 灶司老爺
Jin	Taiyuan	灶王爺
	Taiyuan (Jiancaoping)	灶爺爺
	Taiyuan (Jinyuan)	灶神爺
	Pingyao	灶家爺
	Yangyuan	灶王爺, 灶王, 灶神, 灶君爺
	Datong	灶王爺, 灶神爺
	Xinzhou	灶爺爺
	Lüliang (Lishi)	灶馬爺兒, 灶君老爺
	Changzhi	灶家爺
	Taibus (Baochang)	灶王爺
	Linhe	灶馬爺, 灶馬爺爺
	Jining	灶王爺, 灶馬爺
	Hohhot	灶王神, 灶王爺, 灶神
	Baotou	灶王爺
	Dongsheng	灶王爺
	Haibowan	灶馬爺
	Erenhot	灶馬爺爺
	Pingshan	灶火爺
	Zhangjiakou	灶王爺
	Handan	灶王爺, 灶神, 灶家爺
	Linzhou	老灶爺
	Suide	灶馬爺, 灶馬
	Shenmu	灶馬爺爺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	灶神公
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	鼎神公
	Zhenghe	鼎腸公
	Pucheng (Shibei)	鼎灶公
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	灶君
Eastern Min	Fuqing	灶君
Southern Min	Xiamen	灶君公
	Quanzhou	灶君公
	Zhangzhou	灶君公
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	灶空公, 灶君
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	灶君
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	灶君公
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	灶君公
	Yilan (Toucheng)	灶王公
	Tainan (Anping)	灶香公
	Penghu (Xiyu)	灶君公
	Singapore (Hokkien)	灶君公
	Longyan	灶神
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	灶神
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	灶公神
	Shantou	灶神
	Jieyang	司命公
	Haifeng	司命公
	Singapore (Teochew)	後尾公
	Leizhou	灶公, 灶神
	Haikou	灶公
Puxian Min	Putian	灶公
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	灶公
	Xianyou	灶公
Central Min	Yong'an	灶神公
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	灶公
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	灶翁
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	灶爺, 灶君老爺, 灶君, 灶王爺
	Nanning (Shajing)	灶神
	Binyang (Xinqiao)	灶神
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	灶王爺
	Guilin (Chaoyang)	灶神
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	灶神
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	灶神
Wu	Shanghai	灶家菩薩, 灶家老爺
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	灶君老爺
	Shanghai (Jiading)	灶老爺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	灶君菩薩, 灶君公公
	Suzhou	灶家菩薩, 灶家老爺
	Danyang	灶老爺, 灶君菩薩
	Hangzhou	灶司菩薩
	Wenzhou	鑊灶佛
	Jinhua	鑊灶老爺
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	鑊頭老爺
Xiang	Changsha	灶公菩薩, 灶公司命
	Loudi	灶司公公
	Quanzhou	灶公菩薩
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	灶皇菩薩
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	灶神菩薩

Compounds

References

“灶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

灶

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: かまど (kamado, 灶)

Vietnamese

Han character

灶: Hán Nôm readings: táo, bếp

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References

Nom Foundation