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試

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 试
試 U+8A66, 試
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A66
← 詥
[U+8A65] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 詧 →
[U+8A67]

Translingual

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Han character

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試 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈心一 (YRIPM), four-corner 03640, composition ⿰訁式)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1157, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1622, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3960, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+8A66

Chinese

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trad. 試
simp. 试

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (弋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
戴 *ʔl'ɯːɡs
襶 *tɯːɡs
貸 *l̥ʰɯːɡs
代 *l'ɯːɡs
袋 *l'ɯːɡs
岱 *l'ɯːɡs
黛 *l'ɯːɡs
玳 *l'ɯːɡs
帒 *l'ɯːɡs
甙 *l'ɯːɡs
酨 *l'ɯːs, *zlɯːs
試 *hljɯɡs
弒 *hljɯɡs
忒 *l̥ʰɯːɡ
貣 *l̥ʰɯːɡ, *l'ɯːɡ
鴏 *l'ɯːɡ
栻 *l̥ʰɯɡ, *hljɯɡ
侙 *l̥ʰɯɡ
恜 *l̥ʰɯɡ
式 *hljɯɡ
軾 *hljɯɡ
拭 *hljɯɡ
鉽 *hljɯɡ
烒 *hljɯɡ
弋 *lɯɡ
芅 *lɯɡ
黓 *lɯɡ
隿 *lɯɡ
杙 *lɯɡ
釴 *lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljɯɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ). However, the phonetic component has a reference to standards and rituals.

Etymology

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Exoactive form of 式 (shì, “to use, to make use of”), with a causative s/h-suffix (Schuessler, 2007, p. 466).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • si5 - common variant of si3 when meaning “test; examination”.
Note:
  • sé̤ṳ - literary;
  • ché - vernacular;
  • sé - vernacular (used in 考試).
Note:
  • chhì - vernacular;
  • sì - literary.
Rime
Character 試
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式吏切
Baxter syiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiəH/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭəH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 試
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syiH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ək-s/
English test, try

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 試
Reading # 1/1
No. 14971
Phonetic
component 		弋
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		試
Old
Chinese 		/*hljɯɡs/

Definitions

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試

  1. to test
    我唔係𨃩你，想試下你啫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我唔系𨃩你，想试下你啫。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 m4 hai6 sin3 nei5, soeng2 si3 haa5 nei5 ze1. [Jyutping]
    I'm not trapping you, just testing you.
  2. to try; to experiment
    試下呢個方法 [Cantonese, trad.]
    试下呢个方法 [Cantonese, simp.]
    si3 haa5 ni1 go3 fong1 faat3 [Jyutping]
    to try out this method
  3. test; examination (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    我考埋呢個試就放假喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我考埋呢个试就放假喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 haau2 maai4 ni1 go3 si5 zau6 fong3 gaa3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    After taking this exam, I'll be on vacation.
  4. (dialectal) to taste; to try
    我切嚿蛋糕畀你試吖。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我切嚿蛋糕畀你试吖。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 cit3 gau6 daan6 gou1 bei2 nei5 si3 aa1. [Jyutping]
    Let me cut a piece of cake for you to try.

Synonyms

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  • (to try):
  • (to taste):
Dialectal synonyms of 嘗 (“to taste”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 嘗
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 嘗
Taiwan 嘗
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 嘗
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 嘗
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 嘗
Wuhan 嘗
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 嘗
Hefei 嘗
Cantonese Guangzhou 試
Hong Kong 試
Yangjiang 試, 嘗
Gan Nanchang 嘗
Hakka Meixian 嘗
Jin Taiyuan 嘗
Northern Min Jian'ou 嘗
Eastern Min Fuzhou 嘗, 咂, 試
Southern Min Xiamen 試, 啖
Chaozhou 試, 嘗
Wu Suzhou 嘗
Wenzhou 嘗
Xiang Changsha 試
Shuangfeng 試, 嘗

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: thử (“to try, to test”), thi (“to take an exam”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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試

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. trial
  2. experiment

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 試 (MC syiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si) (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

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  • (in 試合 and 試驗):
  • (to test; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [시(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

試 (eumhun 시험할 시 (siheomhal si))

  1. hanja form? of 시 (“to test; to try”)
  2. hanja form? of 시 (“test; trial; examination”)
  3. hanja form? of 시 (“experiment”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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試: Hán Việt readings: thí[1]
試: Nôm readings: thi[2], thía[2], thử[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of thí (“to experiment”).
  2. Nôm form of thử (“to try, to test something”).
  3. Nôm form of thi (“to take and exam, to compete; exam, trial, competition”).

References

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  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Hồ (1976).
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