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銅

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 铜
銅 U+9285, 銅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9285
← 銄
[U+9284] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 銆 →
[U+9286]

Translingual

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Han character

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銅 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金月一口 (CBMR), four-corner 87120, composition ⿰釒同)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1304, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40361
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1806, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4196, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+9285

Chinese

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trad. 銅
simp. 铜
Chemical element
Cu
Previous: 鎳／镍 (niè) (Ni)
Next: 鋅／锌 (xīn) (Zn)
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 銅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮦 *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫 *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌 *tʰoːŋ
同 *doːŋ
仝 *zlon, *doːŋ
銅 *doːŋ
桐 *doːŋ
峒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔 *doːŋ
挏 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃 *doːŋ
絧 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛 *doːŋʔ
詷 *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴 *doːŋs
駧 *doːŋs
迵 *doːŋs
戙 *doːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).

Etymology

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Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).

The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.

Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dorng2 - literary;
  • dang2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • tông - literary;
  • tâng - vernacular.
Rime
Character 銅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒紅切
Baxter duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/duŋ/
Wang
Li 		/duŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 銅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]ˁoŋ/
English bronze, copper

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 銅
Reading # 1/1
No. 12448
Phonetic
component 		同
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		同
Old
Chinese 		/*doːŋ/

Definitions

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銅

  1. (chemistry) copper (Cu)
  2. bronze
  3. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 銅 (“copper”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 銅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 銅
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 銅
Taiwan 銅
Singapore 銅
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 銅
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 銅
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 銅
Wuhan 銅
Guilin 銅
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 銅
Hefei 銅
Cantonese Guangzhou 銅
Hong Kong 銅
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 銅
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 銅
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 銅
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 銅
Macau 銅
Guangzhou (Panyu) 銅
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 銅
Guangzhou (Conghua) 銅
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 銅
Foshan 銅
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 銅
Foshan (Shunde) 銅
Foshan (Sanshui) 銅
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 銅
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 銅
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 銅
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 銅
Zhuhai (Doumen) 銅
Jiangmen (Baisha) 銅
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 銅
Taishan 銅
Kaiping (Chikan) 銅
Enping (Niujiang) 銅
Heshan (Yayao) 銅
Dongguan 銅
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 銅
Yangjiang 銅
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 銅
Gan Nanchang 銅
Hakka Meixian 銅
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 銅
Dongguan (Qingxi) 銅
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 銅
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 銅
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 銅
Hong Kong 銅
Senai (Huiyang) 銅
Jin Taiyuan 銅
Northern Min Jian'ou 銅
Eastern Min Fuzhou 銅
Southern Min Xiamen 銅
Chaozhou 銅
Bangkok (Teochew) 銅
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 銅
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 銅
Wu Suzhou 銅
Wenzhou 銅
Xiang Changsha 銅
Shuangfeng 銅

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (銅):
  • → Japanese: 銅(どう) (dō)
  • → Korean: 동(銅) (dong)
  • → Vietnamese: đồng (銅, “copper; dong (Vietnamese currency)”) (see there for further descendants)

Others:

  • → Khmer: ទង់ (tŭəng, “bronze; red copper; alloy of copper and gold”), ថង (thɑɑng, “gold”), ទង (tɔɔng, “gold”)
  • → Lao: ທອງ (thǭng, “copper; gold; metal”)
  • → Thai: ทอง (tɔɔng, “gold”)
  • → Zhuang: doengz (“copper; brass”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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銅

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ずう (zū)←づう (duu, historical)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō)
  • Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: あかがね (akagane, 銅)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Chemical element
Cu
Previous: ニッケル (nikkeru) (Ni)
Next: 亜(あ)鉛(えん) (aen) (Zn)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
銅
どう
Grade: 5
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 銅 (MC duwng). Compare modern Min Nan reading tông, Wu don, Xiang dong2.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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銅(どう) • (dō) 

  1. copper, Cu

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
銅
あかがね
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Compound of 赤 (aka, “red”) +‎ 金 (kane, “metal”).[3][1] The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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銅(あかがね) • (akagane) 

  1. copper, Cu

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
銅
あか
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Abbreviation of akagane.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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銅(あか) • (aka) 

  1. copper, Cu

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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銅 (eumhun 구리 동 (guri dong))

  1. hanja form? of 동 (“copper”)
  2. hanja form? of 동 (“Vietnamese dong”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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銅: Hán Việt readings: đồng
銅: Nôm readings: đòng, đồng

  1. chữ Hán form of đồng (“copper”).

References

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