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柄

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
柄 U+67C4, 柄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67C4
← 柃
[U+67C3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柅 →
[U+67C5]

Translingual

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Han character

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柄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木一人月 (DMOB), four-corner 41927, composition ⿰木丙)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 518, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1179, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+67C4

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 柄
alternative forms 棅

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 柄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 丙 (OC *pqraŋʔ) – a wooden handle.

Etymology

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"pattern; texture"
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柄(がら) (gara).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • pìⁿ/pèⁿ - vernacular;
  • pèng - literary.
Rime
Character 柄
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陂病切
Baxter pjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柄
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[p]raŋʔ-s/
English handle (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柄 柄
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 892 893
Phonetic
component 		丙 丙
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丙 柄
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋʔ/ /*praŋs/

Definitions

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柄

  1. handle (of an axe, implement, etc.)
    手柄  ―  shǒubǐng  ―  handle
    椅柄 [Cantonese]  ―  ji1 beng3 [Jyutping]  ―  seat handle
  2. stem (of a flower, leaf, fruit, etc.)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) mistake which can be used against someone
  4. (literary, or in compounds) power; authority
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to wield; to be in control of
  6. (Cantonese, transitive) Alternative form of 偋 (bìng, “to hide”)
  7. (dialectal) Classifier for something with a handle.
  8. (Internet, fandom slang) pattern; texture (of 谷子 (gǔzi, “goods”))
    收X柄吧唧。  ―  Shōu X bǐng bājī.  ―  to collect badges with texture of a certain character

Synonyms

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  • (handle): 把 (bà)
  • (power):
  • (to wield):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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柄

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. a handle, lever, knob
  2. a design or pattern
  3. one's build or character

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
柄
え
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Change in meaning from 枝 (e, historically ye, “branch, stem”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(え) • (e) 

  1. a handle, a grip, a shaft, a haft
    Synonyms: 取っ手 (totte), 取手 (totte), 把手 (totte)
    大(おお)鎌(がま)の柄(え)
    ōgama no e
    a snath, a scythe shaft
Idioms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
柄
かび
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
穎

From Old Japanese. Used in the Kojiki. Generally regarded as cognate with 黴 (kabi, “mold”), from the shared idea of sprouts or shoots. Appears to be noun stem of Old Japanese verb かぶ (kabu) (source of modern Japanese 黴る, kabiru, “to go moldy”), with probable original meaning of to sprout.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(かび) • (kabi) 

  1. (archaic) a sprout
    Synonym: 芽 (me)
  2. (archaic) an ear of grain, particularly of rice
    Synonyms: 穂 (ho), 穂先 (hosaki)
  3. (archaic) the handle or grip of a tool, or hilt of a blade (by extension from the idea of “a smaller portion sticking out from the main body” like a sprout)
    Synonym: 柄 (tsuka) (see below)
Usage notes
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The grain sense is more commonly spelled 穎.

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
柄
かい
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
穎

/kabi/ → /kai/

Alteration of kabi.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(かい) • (kai) ←かひ (kafi)?

  1. (archaic) see kabi above

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
柄
から
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kara. Origin of particle から (kara, “from, because”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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柄(から) • (-kara) 

  1. of the same lineage
  2. the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
Usage notes
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The lineage sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the first few of the following.

Derived terms
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Derived terms

Noun

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柄(から) • (kara) 

  1. (archaic) (by extension from the qualities sense) an origin or source, a reason for something
Usage notes
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Often followed by the particle に (ni). This usage evolved into the modern particle から (kara, “from, because”).[1]

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
柄
から
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
幹

In light of the stem sense, probably derived semantically from origin, source meanings.

Compare also Korean 가락 (garak), similarly used as a counter for long and slender objects.

Pronunciation

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Counter

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柄(から) • (-kara) 

  1. used to count items with shafts

Noun

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柄(から) • (kara) 

  1. the trunk or stem of a plant
  2. the shaft of an arrow
  3. the shaft, haft, or handle of a tool

Prefix

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柄(から) • (kara-) 

  1. describes something with a stem, shaft, or handle
Usage notes
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The shaft sense is often found embedded in other words, such as the following, which are often spelled with other kanji.

Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
柄
がら
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alteration of kara, “qualities, characteristics”. Originally only found as a suffix. The kara changes to gara as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The rendaku pronunciation was then later used independently.[1]

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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柄(がら) • (-gara) 

  1. the inherent qualities or characteristics of a thing
  2. a shape, pattern, or design
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Noun

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柄(がら) • (gara) 

  1. one's physical shape or build
    Synonyms: 体付き (karadatsuki), 体付 (karadatsuki), なり (nari)
    柄(がら)の大(おお)きいやつだな。
    Gara no ōkii yatsu da na.
    Wow, he's sure built big.
  2. one's character, personality, or temperament
    柄(がら)の悪(わる)い人(ひと)
    gara no warui hito
    a person with a bad character
  3. a pattern or design, such as on cloth
    Synonym: 模様 (moyō)
    あの柄(がら)は派手過(はです)ぎるよ。
    Ano gara wa hade-sugiru yo.
    That pattern is way too colorful.
Idioms
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  • 柄(がら)にもない (gara ni mo nai): “not even in one's character” → just not in one, just not suitable for one's character or abilities

Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
柄
つか
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
欛

Cognate with 束 (tsuka, ancient unit of length, equivalent to the amount covered from pinky to forefinger when gripping something; analogous to English hand).[1]

Both likely derive from verb 付く (tsuku, “to set to, to attach, to accompany”), particularly as seen in modern Japanese idioms such as 手を付ける (te o tsukeru, “to set one's hand to something”), 手が付く (te ga tsuku, “to start using something”, literally “one's hand sets on something”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(つか) • (tsuka) 

  1. the hilt of a sword or knife, or the grip of a bow or staff
  2. the portion of a brush pen held in the hand
  3. a penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎
Idioms
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Etymology 8

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Kanji in this term
柄
つく
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
銑
釻

Nominalization of verb 付く (tsuku, “to attach”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(つく) • (tsuku) 

  1. the nock on either end of a bow where the bowstring rests
  2. a bent nail or other kind of spike attached to or driven through an iron staff or a truncheon to make the weapon more dangerous
  3. the areas on either end of a yoke or other carrying pole where cordage or rope is attached, from which the load is carried
  4. the grip of a tiller, boathook, or other pole
  5. (as a pun on the verb sense of stick to, attach) a female entertainer's or prostitute's secret lover
    Synonyms: 隠し男 (kakushi otoko), 隠男 (kakushi otoko)
Usage notes
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The grip sense is not spelled using the alternative forms, and is only spelled 柄 in kanji.

Etymology 9

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Kanji in this term
柄
ほぞ
Grade: S
irregular
Alternative spellings
枘
臍
蔕

Ateji or misspelling for uncommon 表外字 (hyōgaiji, “off-the-chart character”, in reference to the chart of official educational kanji) character 枘 (hozo, “navel”, also generic term for something that protrudes slightly). Note that the right half of 柄 is 丙, with a top bar, while the right half of 枘 is 内, without a top bar.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柄(ほぞ) • (hozo) 

  1. a tenon, as in a mortise and tenon carpentry join
  2. (slang) a penis
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:陰茎

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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柄 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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柄: Hán Nôm readings: bính

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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