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割

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 🈹
割 U+5272, 割
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272
← 剱
[U+5271] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剳 →
[U+5273]

割 U+2F822, 割
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F822
← 剆
[U+2F821] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 剷 →
[U+2F823]
Text style Emoji style
🈹︎ 🈹️
Text style is forced with ⟨︎⟩ and emoji style with ⟨️⟩.
🈹 U+1F239, 🈹
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5272
← 🈸
[U+1F238] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈺 →
[U+1F23A]

Translingual

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Han character

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割 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十口中弓 (JRLN), four-corner 32600, composition ⿰害刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 142, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2112
  • Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 351, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5272

Chinese

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trad. 割
simp. # 割
2nd round simp. 刈
alternative forms 㓣 ancient
刈 Min Nan
𠛛
𠛷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 割
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
轄 *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害 *ɡaːds
犗 *kraːds
幰 *qʰanʔ
攇 *qʰanʔ
憲 *hŋans
瀗 *qʰans
割 *kaːd
磍 *kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎 *qʰraːd
鎋 *ɡraːd
鶷 *ɡraːd
縖 *ɡraːd
豁 *qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːd) : phonetic 害 (OC *ɡaːds) + semantic 刂.

Etymology

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According to Schuessler (2007), from Sino-Tibetan and an area word. Externally, cognate with Tibetan འགས་པ ('gas pa, “to split; to break; to burst apart”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *kat ~ *kaat (“to cut”), whence Khmer កាត់ (kat, “to cut”) and Proto-South-Bahnaric *kat ("to chop; to cut"). Within Chinese, cognate with 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), and 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), which is perhaps the r-causative of 割 (OC *kaːd).

On the other hand, STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-ra-t (“cut; slash”), to which 害 (OC *ɡaːds, “to harm; to injure”), 犗 (OC *kraːds, “to castrate”), 剌 (OC *raːd, “to cut; perverse”) are also compared. Descended from the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are Tibetan དྲ་བ (dra ba, “to cut”) and Burmese ရှန (hra.na., “wounded”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • koah - vernacular (“to sever; ”);
  • kat - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 割
Mandarin Beijing /kɤ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ka²¹³/
/ka⁴⁴/
/ka²⁴/
/kɤ²¹³/
/kɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /kɤ²¹/
Jinan /kə²¹³/
/ka²¹³/
Qingdao /ka⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kɤ²⁴/
Xi'an /kɤ²¹/
Xining /ku⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kə¹³/
Lanzhou /kə¹³/
Ürümqi /kɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /kuo²¹³/
Chengdu /ko³¹/
Guiyang /ko²¹/
Kunming /ko³¹/
Nanjing /koʔ⁵/
Hefei /kɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /kaʔ²/
Pingyao /kʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /kaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /kəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /kəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /kɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /kø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /kɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /kuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ko²⁴/
Xiangtan /ko²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /kɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kot̚¹/
Taoyuan /kot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɔt̚³/
Nanning /kɔt̚³³/
Hong Kong /kɔt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kat̚³²/
/kuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kua⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 割
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古達切
Baxter kat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kat̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɑt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		got3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 割
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə-kˁat/
English cut (v.); harm (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 割
Reading # 1/1
No. 4851
Phonetic
component 		害
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		葛
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːd/

Definitions

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割

  1. to cut; to cut off; to sever
  2. to divide; to cut apart; to break up; to partition; to split
  3. 70th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "severance" (𝍋)
  4. to cut in self-harm; short for 割腕 (gēwàn).
  5. ⁜ (literary) to give up; to abandon; to reject; to discard
  6. (Mainland China Hokkien) to wholesale (of merchandise)
  7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to allocate; to divide (property)
Synonyms
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  • (to divide):
  • (to give up):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (割):
  • → Japanese: 割(かち) (kachi); 割(かつ) (katsu)
  • → Korean: 할(割) (hal)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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割

  1. Only used in 割包 (gēbāo).

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 割
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
割
&#x2F822;
or
割+&#xFE00;?
割󠄀
割+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
割󠄅
割+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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割

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 割)

  1. divide, cut
  2. proportion

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
割
わり
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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割(わり) • (wari) 

  1. proportion
    割(わり)に合(あ)わない ― wari ni awanai ― unfit for the proportion
  2. tenth
    二(に)割(わり) ― ni wari ― two-tenths

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
割
かつ
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Affix

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割(かつ) • (katsu) 

  1. cut; division

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 308 (paper), page 204 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 228 (paper), page 126 (digital)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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割 (eumhun 벨 할 (bel hal))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

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Kanji

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割

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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割: Hán Nôm readings: cát, cắt, xắt, cạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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割

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Yonaguni

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Kanji

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割

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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