膽
Appearance
See also: 胆
|
Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 胆 |
---|---|
Simplified | 胆 |
Traditional | 膽 |
Han character
[edit]膽 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 77261, composition ⿰月詹)
Descendants
[edit]- 胆 (Variant form, Japanese shinjitai and Simplified Chinese)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
- Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
- Unihan data for U+81BD
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 膽 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 胆 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 膽 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).
Etymology
[edit]Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): dàn
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): daam2
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): daang2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): am2
- Gan (Wiktionary): dan3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dan2
- Northern Min (KCR): dǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dāng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dor3 / dorⁿ3 / dang3
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): daam2
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5te / 3te / 3taen / 3tae
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dan3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
- Wade–Giles: tan3
- Yale: dǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän²¹⁴/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: dàn
- Sinological IPA (key): /tã⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daam2
- Yale: dáam
- Cantonese Pinyin: daam2
- Guangdong Romanization: dam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːm³⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: daang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: am2
- Sinological IPA (key): /am⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: dan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tan²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tám
- Hakka Romanization System: damˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: dam3
- Sinological IPA: /tam³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: damˊ
- Sinological IPA: /tam²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dan2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tæ̃⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dor3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorⁿ3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒ̃³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- dor3/dorⁿ3 - vernacular;
- dang3 - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- táⁿ - vernacular;
- tám - literary.
Note:
- da2 - vernacular;
- dam2 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: daam2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tam³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: dan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tan⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: tamX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤamʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*taːmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]膽
- (anatomy) gallbladder
- 魏兵爭欲報讎,共剖維腹,其膽大如雞卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Wèibīng zhēng yù bàochóu, gòng pōu Wéi fù, qí dǎn dà rú jīluǎn. [Pinyin]
- The Wei soldiers, craving vengeance, competed [to wreak it], and they sliced open [Jiang] Wei's belly; his gallbladder was as big as a hen's egg.
魏兵争欲报雠,共剖维腹,其胆大如鸡卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
- 先主明旦自來至雲營圍視昨戰處,曰:「子龍一身都是膽也。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5th century CE
- Xiānzhǔ míngdàn zì lái zhì Yún yíng wéi shì zuó zhàn chù, yuē: “Zǐlóng yīshēn dōu shì dǎn yě.” [Pinyin]
- The next day, the Former Master himself came to [Zhao] Yun's camp and surveyed the battlefield from the day before; he said: "Zilong is truly courage all over."
先主明旦自来至云营围视昨战处,曰:「子龙一身都是胆也。」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)
- vacuum tube
- (gambling) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Synonyms
[edit]- (guts):
Compounds
[edit]- 一身是膽 / 一身是胆 (yīshēnshìdǎn)
- 乍著膽子 / 乍着胆子
- 互託肝膽 / 互托肝胆
- 亡魂喪膽 / 亡魂丧胆
- 仗膽兒 / 仗胆儿
- 傾心吐膽 / 倾心吐胆
- 剖肝瀝膽 / 剖肝沥胆
- 劍膽琴心 / 剑胆琴心 (jiàndǎnqínxīn)
- 吐膽 / 吐胆
- 吐膽傾心 / 吐胆倾心
- 喪膽 / 丧胆 (sàngdǎn)
- 喪膽亡魂 / 丧胆亡魂
- 喪膽銷魂 / 丧胆销魂
- 喫虎膽 / 吃虎胆
- 嘔心吐膽 / 呕心吐胆
- 嘗膽 / 尝胆
- 嘗膽臥薪 / 尝胆卧薪
- 坐薪嘗膽 / 坐薪尝胆
- 坐薪懸膽 / 坐薪悬胆
- 壯膽 / 壮胆 (zhuàngdǎn)
- 大膽 / 大胆 (dàdǎn)
- 大膽妄為 / 大胆妄为
- 天膽 / 天胆
- 奓著膽子 / 奓着胆子
- 好大膽 / 好大胆
- 孤膽 / 孤胆
- 心寒膽戰 / 心寒胆战
- 心寒膽碎 / 心寒胆碎
- 心寒膽落 / 心寒胆落
- 心慌膽戰 / 心慌胆战
- 心殞膽破 / 心殒胆破
- 心殞膽落 / 心殒胆落
- 心粗膽大 / 心粗胆大
- 心膽 / 心胆
- 心膽俱寒 / 心胆俱寒
- 心膽俱碎 / 心胆俱碎
- 心膽俱裂 / 心胆俱裂 (xīndǎnjùliè)
- 心膽墮地 / 心胆堕地
- 心驚膽喪 / 心惊胆丧
- 心驚膽寒 / 心惊胆寒
- 心驚膽怕 / 心惊胆怕
- 心驚膽懾 / 心惊胆慑
- 心驚膽戰 / 心惊胆战 (xīnjīngdǎnzhàn)
- 心驚膽落 / 心惊胆落
- 心驚膽跳 / 心惊胆跳 (xīnjīngdǎntiào)
- 心驚膽顫 / 心惊胆颤
- 心麤膽壯 / 心粗胆壮
- 志堅膽壯 / 志坚胆壮
- 忠心赤膽 / 忠心赤胆
- 忠肝義膽 / 忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn)
- 懸心吊膽 / 悬心吊胆 (xuánxīndiàodǎn)
- 懸膽 / 悬胆
- 托膽 / 托胆
- 拖地膽 / 拖地胆
- 披瀝肝膽 / 披沥肝胆
- 披肝掛膽 / 披肝挂胆
- 披肝瀝膽 / 披肝沥胆 (pīgānlìdǎn)
- 披露肝膽 / 披露肝胆
- 挖心搜膽 / 挖心搜胆
- 掛腸懸膽 / 挂肠悬胆
- 提心吊膽 / 提心吊胆 (tíxīndiàodǎn)
- 提心弔膽 / 提心吊胆 (tíxīndiàodǎn)
- 摳心挖膽 / 抠心挖胆
- 摘膽剜心 / 摘胆剜心 (zhāi dǎn wān xīn)
- 放膽 / 放胆 (fàngdǎn)
- 斗膽 (dǒudǎn)
- 明目張膽 / 明目张胆 (míngmùzhāngdǎn)
- 書膽 / 书胆
- 有肝膽 / 有肝胆
- 有膽有識 / 有胆有识
- 枕戈嘗膽 / 枕戈尝胆
- 枕戈飲膽 / 枕戈饮胆
- 氣消膽奪 / 气消胆夺
- 海膽 / 海胆 (hǎidǎn)
- 湊膽子 / 凑胆子
- 渾身是膽 / 浑身是胆
- 潑出膽子 / 泼出胆子
- 潑天大膽 / 泼天大胆
- 瀝膽 / 沥胆
- 瀝膽墮肝 / 沥胆堕肝
- 瀝膽披肝 / 沥胆披肝
- 瀝膽抽腸 / 沥胆抽肠
- 照膽鏡 / 照胆镜
- 熊心豹膽 / 熊心豹胆
- 熊膽 / 熊胆 (xióngdǎn)
- 燈膽 / 灯胆 (dēngdǎn)
- 球膽 / 球胆 (qiúdǎn)
- 琴心劍膽 / 琴心剑胆
- 瓶膽 / 瓶胆 (píngdǎn)
- 瞋膽 / 瞋胆
- 破膽 / 破胆
- 破膽喪魂 / 破胆丧魂
- 破膽寒心 / 破胆寒心
- 稍長膽壯 / 稍长胆壮
- 筆龍膽 / 笔龙胆
- 聞風喪膽 / 闻风丧胆 (wénfēngsàngdǎn)
- 肝橫膽乍 / 肝横胆乍
- 肝膽 / 肝胆 (gāndǎn)
- 肝膽塗地 / 肝胆涂地
- 肝膽楚越 / 肝胆楚越
- 肝膽照人 / 肝胆照人
- 肝膽相照 / 肝胆相照 (gāndǎnxiāngzhào)
- 肝膽胡越 / 肝胆胡越
- 膽喪心驚 / 胆丧心惊
- 膽囊 / 胆囊 (dǎnnáng)
- 膽囊管 / 胆囊管 (dǎnnángguǎn)
- 膽固醇 / 胆固醇 (dǎngùchún)
- 膽壯 / 胆壮
- 膽大包天 / 胆大包天
- 膽大如斗
- 膽大妄為 / 胆大妄为
- 膽大心小 / 胆大心小
- 膽大心細 / 胆大心细
- 膽大於天 / 胆大于天
- 膽子 / 胆子 (dǎnzi)
- 膽寒 / 胆寒 (dǎnhán)
- 膽小 / 胆小 (dǎnxiǎo)
- 膽小如鼠 / 胆小如鼠 (dǎnxiǎorúshǔ)
- 膽小管 / 胆小管 (dǎnxiǎoguǎn)
- 膽小鬼 / 胆小鬼 (dǎnxiǎoguǐ)
- 膽怯 / 胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
- 膽懾 / 胆慑
- 膽戰 / 胆战
- 膽戰心寒 / 胆战心寒
- 膽戰心搖 / 胆战心摇
- 膽戰心驚 / 胆战心惊 (dǎnzhànxīnjīng)
- 膽敢 / 胆敢 (dǎngǎn)
- 膽氣 / 胆气 (dǎnqì)
- 膽汁 / 胆汁 (dǎnzhī)
- 膽瓶 / 胆瓶
- 膽略 / 胆略 (dǎnlüè)
- 膽石 / 胆石 (dǎnshí)
- 膽破 / 胆破
- 膽破心寒 / 胆破心寒
- 膽管 / 胆管 (dǎnguǎn)
- 膽結石 / 胆结石 (dǎnjiéshí)
- 膽落 / 胆落
- 膽虛 / 胆虚
- 膽裂魂飛 / 胆裂魂飞
- 膽識 / 胆识 (dǎnshí)
- 膽識俱優 / 胆识俱优
- 膽邊生毛 / 胆边生毛
- 膽量 / 胆量 (dǎnliàng)
- 膽顫心寒 / 胆颤心寒
- 膽顫心驚 / 胆颤心惊
- 膽驚心顫 / 胆惊心颤
- 膽鹼 / 胆碱 (dǎnjiǎn)
- 臥薪嘗膽 / 卧薪尝胆 (wòxīnchángdǎn)
- 色膽 / 色胆
- 色膽包天 / 色胆包天
- 色膽如天 / 色胆如天
- 色膽迷天 / 色胆迷天
- 落膽 / 落胆 (luòdǎn)
- 裂膽 / 裂胆
- 賊人膽虛 / 贼人胆虚
- 赤心忠膽 / 赤心忠胆
- 赤膽 / 赤胆
- 赤膽忠心 / 赤胆忠心
- 赤膽忠肝 / 赤胆忠肝
- 輸肝剖膽 / 输肝剖胆
- 輸肝瀝膽 / 输肝沥胆
- 鐵心銅膽 / 铁心铜胆
- 鐵膽銅心 / 铁胆铜心
- 開心見膽 / 开心见胆
- 隳肝瀝膽 / 隳肝沥胆
- 露膽披肝 / 露胆披肝
- 魂亡膽落 / 魂亡胆落
- 鴉膽子 / 鸦胆子 (yādǎnzǐ)
- 麻著膽子 / 麻着胆子
- 龍膽 / 龙胆 (lóngdǎn)
- 龍膽紫 / 龙胆紫
Japanese
[edit]胆 | |
膽 |
Kanji
[edit]膽
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 膽 (MC tamX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 담〯 (Yale: tǎm) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy) | 담 (Yale: tàm) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [담(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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