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叢

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 丛, 菆, and 从
叢 U+53E2, 叢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E2
← 叡
[U+53E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 口 →
[U+53E3]

Translingual

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Han character

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叢 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+16, 18 strokes, cangjie input 廿金廿水 (TCTE), four-corner 32147, composition ⿱丵取)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 167, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3220
  • Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 402, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+53E2

Chinese

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trad. 叢
simp. 丛
alternative forms 从 variant and 1955 Draft Simplified
樷 ancient and ROC simp.
藂
欉 variant and Min Nan vernacular
菆

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 叢
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (取) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陬 *ʔsloː, *ʔsru, *ʔslo
棷 *ʔsloː, *sʰloːʔ, *sloːʔ, *ʔsru
掫 *ʔsloː, *ʔsruʔ, *ʔslo
緅 *ʔsloː, *ʔsru, *slos
趣 *sʰloːʔ, *sʰlos
取 *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ
鯫 *zloː, *zloːʔ, *sʰlo
棸 *rlu, *rluʔ, *ʔsru
鄹 *ʔsru, *zloʔ, *ljoːnʔ
郰 *ʔsru
齱 *ʔsru, *sʰroːɡ
菆 *ʔsru, *sʰros, *zloːn
箃 *ʔsru
黀 *ʔsru
驟 *zrus
最 *zloːds
襊 *sʰoːds, *sʰoːd
蕞 *zoːds
嘬 *sʰroːds
諏 *ʔslo
娵 *ʔslo
娶 *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo
聚 *zloʔ, *zlos
埾 *zlos
藂 *zloːŋ
叢 *zloːŋ
繓 *ʔsoːd
撮 *ʔsoːd, *sʰoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zloːŋ) : semantic 丵 + phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-tsəw-k/ŋ (“to collect; to gather; to assemble”). Cognate with 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to collect; to store”), 族 (OC *zoːɡ, “clan”), 最 (OC *zloːds, “to collect; most”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chông - literary;
  • châng - vernacular (classifier for trees).
Rime
Character 叢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂紅切
Baxter dzuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 叢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzuwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*dzˁoŋ/
English collect; thicket

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 叢
Reading # 1/1
No. 10668
Phonetic
component 		取
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		叢
Old
Chinese 		/*zloːŋ/

Definitions

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叢

  1. to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together
  2. bush; shrub; thicket; grove
  3. collection; crowd
  4. (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants.
    一叢樹／一丛树 [Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t châng chhiū [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  a tree
  5. (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects.
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (classifier for plants):
Dialectal synonyms of 棵 (“(classifier for plants)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 本, 株
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 棵, 株
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 棵
Taiwan 棵
Chengde 棵
Ulanhot 棵
Tongliao 棵
Chifeng 棵
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 棵
Heihe 棵
Qiqihar 棵
Harbin 棵
Jiamusi 棵
Baicheng 棵
Changchun 棵
Tonghua 棵
Shenyang 棵
Jinzhou 棵
Singapore 棵
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 棵
Tangshan 棵
Cangzhou 棵
Baoding 棵
Shijiazhuang 棵
Lijin 棵
Jinan 棵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 棵
Dandong 棵
Yantai 棵
Yantai (Muping) 棵
Qingdao 棵
Zhucheng 棵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 棵
Jining 棵
Wanrong 棵
Linfen 棵
Shangqiu 棵
Yuanyang 棵
Zhengzhou 棵
Xinyang 棵
Baihe 棵
Xi'an 個, 棵
Baoji 個
Tianshui 棵
Xining 棵
Xuzhou 棵
Fuyang 棵
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 個
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 棵
Bayanhot 棵
Lanzhou 棵
Dunhuang 棵
Hami 棵
Ürümqi 棵
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 根, 窩, 棵
Nanchong 窩
Dazhou 根 trees, 蔸 cabbage
Hanyuan 窩
Xichang 窩
Zigong 窩
Chongqing 根
Wuhan 棵
Yichang 棵
Xiangyang 棵
Tianmen 棵
Guiyang 棵
Zunyi 棵
Bijie 棵, 窩 trees
Liping 蔸
Zhaotong 棵
Dali 棵
Kunming 棵
Mengzi 棵
Guilin 蔸
Liuzhou 蔸, 樖
Nanning (Fujian) 蔸
Jishou 蔸
Changde 蔸
Hanzhong 棵
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 棵
Yangzhou 棵
Lianyungang 棵
Lianshui 棵
Nantong 棵
Anqing 棵
Wuhu 棵
Hefei 棵
Hong'an 棵
Cantonese Guangzhou 樖, 蔸
Hong Kong 樖
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 樖, 蔸
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 樖
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 樖
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 樖
Macau 樖
Guangzhou (Panyu) 樖
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 樖
Guangzhou (Conghua) 樖
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 樖
Foshan 樖
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 樖
Foshan (Shunde) 樖
Foshan (Sanshui) 樖
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 樖
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 樖
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 樖
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蔸, 樖
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蔸
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蔸
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蔸
Taishan 蔸
Kaiping (Chikan) 蔸
Enping (Niujiang) 蔸
Heshan (Yayao) 蔸
Dongguan 蔸
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 樖
Qingyuan 樖
Fogang 樖
Yingde (Hanguang) 樖
Yangshan 蔸
Lianshan (Butian) 蔸
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 蔸
Shaoguan 樖
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 樖
Renhua 蔸
Lechang 樖
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 樖
Sihui 樖
Guangning 條
Deqing 樖
Huaiji 蔸
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 樖
Yunfu 樖
Xinxing 樖
Luoding 樖
Yunan (Pingtai) 樖
Yangjiang 蔸
Xinyi 樖
Lianjiang 棵
Nanning 樖, 蔸
Wuzhou 樖
Yulin 樖, 蔸
Hepu (Lianzhou) 條
Guiping 樖
Mengshan (Xihe) 樖
Beiliu (Tangliao) 蔸
Baise 樖
Bobai 蔸
Lingshan 蔸
Pubei 蔸
Qinzhou 蔸
Beihai 蔸
Ningming 樖
Hengzhou 蔸
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 棵
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 樖
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 樖
Gan Nanchang 蔸, 棵
Lichuan 頭, 棵
Pingxiang 隻, 蔸
Hakka Meixian 條, 墩
Xingning 條, 頭, 樖
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 蔸
Huidong (Daling) 樖
Dongguan (Qingxi) 樖
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 樖
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 樖
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 條
Wuhua (Huacheng) 條
Wuhua (Changbu) 條
Wuhua (Mianyang) 條
Heyuan (Bendihua) 堆
Wengyuan 鬥
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 樖
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 根
Liannan 蔸
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 樖
Jiexi 頭
Luhe 堆
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 支
Changting 蔸
Wuping 頭
Wuping (Yanqian) 頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 頭
Liancheng 蔸, 叢
Ninghua 頭
Yudu 頭
Ningdu 頭
Ruijin 頭
Shicheng 頭
Shangyou (Shexi) 頭
Tonggu (Sandu) 蔸
Ganzhou (Panlong) 蔸
Dayu 蔸
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭
Hong Kong 樖
Yangxi (Tangkou) 蔸
Yangchun (Sanjia) 蔸
Xinyi (Sihe) 樖
Xinyi (Qianpai) 樖
Gaozhou (Xindong) 條
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 頭
Huazhou (Xin'an) 條
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 條
Lianjiang (Qingping) 條
Mengshan (Xihe) 樖
Luchuan 樖
Luchuan (Daqiao) 條
Beiliu (Tang'an) 條
Mashan (Pianlian) 條
Sabah (Longchuan) 樖
Senai (Huiyang) 樖
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 頭
Singkawang 頭
Huizhou Jixi 棵
Shexian 棵
Jin Taiyuan 朳, 棵
Pingyao 朳
Yangyuan 棵
Datong 棵 trees, 苗 cabbage
Xinzhou 蔔
Lüliang (Lishi) 棵
Changzhi 棵
Taibus (Baochang) 棵
Linhe 苗
Jining 棵, 苗
Hohhot 棵, 卜
Baotou 棵
Dongsheng 苗
Haibowan 棵
Erenhot 苗
Pingshan 棵
Zhangjiakou 棵
Handan 棵
Linzhou 棵
Suide 棵 cabbage, 卜 trees
Northern Min Jian'ou 叢
Jian'ou (Dikou) 蔸
Songxi 叢
Zhenghe 叢
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 枝
Jianyang 叢, 枝
Wuyishan 叢
Pucheng (Shibei) 叢
Eastern Min Fuzhou 蔸
Fuzhou (Changle) 蔸
Fuqing 蔸
Pingtan 蔸
Yongtai 蔸
Gutian 蔸
Fu'an 蔸
Ningde 蔸
Shouning 蔸, 蓬
Zhouning 蔸
Fuding 蔸
Southern Min Xiamen 叢
Quanzhou 叢
Jinjiang 叢
Yongchun 叢
Zhangzhou 叢
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 叢
Taipei 叢
New Taipei (Sanxia) 叢
Kaohsiung 叢
Yilan 叢
Changhua (Lukang) 叢
Taichung 叢
Tainan 叢
Hsinchu 叢
Kinmen 叢
Penghu (Magong) 叢
Penang (Hokkien) 叢
Singapore (Hokkien) 叢
Manila (Hokkien) 叢
Longyan 頭
Zhangping (Yongfu) 叢
Datian 蔸
Pingnan (Shangdu) 樖
Chaozhou 叢
Shantou 叢
Jieyang 叢, 蔸
Bangkok (Teochew) 叢
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 叢
Leizhou 叢
Haikou 叢
Puxian Min Putian 蔸
Xianyou 蔸
Central Min Yong'an 叢
Sanming (Sanyuan) 叢
Sanming (Shaxian) 叢
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 樖
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 樖
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 樖, 蔸
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蔸, 樖
Shehua Fu'an 蔸
Fuding 蔸
Luoyuan 蔸
Sanming 蔸
Shunchang 蔸
Hua'an 蔸
Guixi (Zhangping) 蔸
Cangnan 蔸
Jingning (Hexi) 蔸
Lishui 蔸
Longyou 蔸
Fengshun 蔸
Wu Shanghai 棵
Shanghai (Chongming) 棵
Suzhou 棵
Wuxi 棵
Danyang 棵
Hangzhou 棵
Ningbo 棵, 株
Wenzhou 株
Jinhua 根
Xiang Changsha 棵, 隻
Xiangtan 線
Loudi 蔸
Shuangfeng 隻
Quanzhou 棵
  • (classifier for long objects):
Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“(classifier for knives)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 把
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 把
Taiwan 把
Malaysia 把
Singapore 把
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 把
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 把
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 把
Wanrong 把
Xi'an 把
Xining 把
Xuzhou 把
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 把
Lanzhou 把
Ürümqi 把
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 把
Wuhan 把
Guilin 把
Liuzhou 把
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 把
Yangzhou 把
Hefei 把
Cantonese Guangzhou 把, 張
Hong Kong 把, 張
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 柄, 把
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 張
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 把
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 把
Macau 張
Guangzhou (Panyu) 張
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 張
Guangzhou (Conghua) 張
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 張
Foshan 張
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 張
Foshan (Shunde) 張
Foshan (Sanshui) 張
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 張
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 張
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 張
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 張
Zhuhai (Doumen) 張
Jiangmen (Baisha) 張
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 張
Taishan 張
Kaiping (Chikan) 張
Enping (Niujiang) 張
Heshan (Yayao) 張
Dongguan 張
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 張
Qingyuan 張
Fogang 張
Yingde (Hanguang) 張
Yangshan 張
Lianshan (Butian) 把
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 張
Shaoguan 張
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 張, 把
Renhua 張
Lechang 把
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 張
Sihui 張
Guangning 張
Deqing 張
Huaiji 支, 把
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 張
Yunfu 張
Xinxing 張
Luoding 把
Yunan (Pingtai) 張
Yangjiang 張
Xinyi 張
Lianjiang 把
Nanning 把
Guiping 把
Mengshan (Xihe) 把
Guigang (Nanjiang) 張
Beiliu (Tangliao) 把
Baise 把
Bobai 張
Lingshan 把
Pubei 把
Qinzhou 把
Beihai 把
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 把
Ningming 把
Hengzhou 把
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 張
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 把
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 把
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 把
Móng Cái 把
Gan Nanchang 把
Lichuan 把
Pingxiang 把
Hakka Meixian 張
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 把
Dongguan (Qingxi) 張
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 張
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 張
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 把
Yudu 把
Hong Kong 張
Beiliu (Tang'an) 張
Mashan (Pianlian) 把
Senai (Huiyang) 把
Huizhou Jixi 把
Jin Taiyuan 把
Xinzhou 把
Northern Min Jian'ou 把
Eastern Min Fuzhou 把
Southern Min Xiamen 叢, 支
Quanzhou 叢, 支
Jinjiang 支
Yongchun 支
Zhangzhou 叢
Manila (Hokkien) 支
Zhangping (Yongfu) 支
Datian 支
Pingnan (Shangdu) 把
Chaozhou 支
Shantou 支
Bangkok (Teochew) 支
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 支
Leizhou 把
Haikou 把
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 張, 把
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 張
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 把
Wu Shanghai 把
Shanghai (Chongming) 把
Suzhou 把
Danyang 把
Hangzhou 把
Ningbo 把
Wenzhou 把
Jinhua 把
Xiang Changsha 把
Loudi 把
Shuangfeng 把
Quanzhou 把
Dialectal synonyms of 支 (“(classifier for cigarettes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 支
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 根兒, 顆, 支
Taiwan 根
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 顆, 根兒
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 根兒, 支
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 杆
Wuhan 根
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 根, 支
Hefei 根
Cantonese Guangzhou 支
Hong Kong 支, 飛
Yangjiang 支
Gan Nanchang 根
Hakka Meixian 支
Jin Taiyuan 根, 支
Northern Min Jian'ou 支, 筒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 條
Southern Min Xiamen 支, 叢
Tainan 支
Chaozhou 支
Wu Suzhou 根, 支
Wenzhou 支
Xiang Changsha 根
Shuangfeng 根

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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叢

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
叢
くさむら
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 叢 – see the following entry.
【くさむら】
[noun] clump of bushes, thicket
Alternative spellings
草叢, 草むら
(This term, 叢, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

叢 (eum 총 (chong))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

叢: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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