臉
Appearance
See also: 脸
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]臉 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月人一人 (BOMO), four-corner 78286, composition ⿰⺼僉)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29954
- Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 4
- Unihan data for U+81C9
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
厱 | *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam |
歛 | *qʰlaːm |
臉 | *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ |
醶 | *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ |
鹼 | *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam |
薟 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram |
匳 | *ɡ·ram |
獫 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ |
蘞 | *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam |
籢 | *ɡ·ram |
斂 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
瀲 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams |
撿 | *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ |
羷 | *ɡ·ramʔ |
殮 | *ɡ·rams |
簽 | *skʰlam |
僉 | *skʰlam |
憸 | *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
譣 | *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ |
檢 | *kramʔ |
瞼 | *kramʔ |
儉 | *ɡramʔ |
顩 | *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ |
嬐 | *ŋramʔ |
嶮 | *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ |
噞 | *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams |
驗 | *ŋrams |
險 | *qʰramʔ |
劒 | *kams |
劍 | *kams |
𩏩 | *qʰam |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 臉 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 脸 |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (“cheek; face”). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, “cheek”), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, “cheekbone”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лян (li͡an, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lien3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lie2
- Northern Min (KCR): lǐng
- Eastern Min (BUC): liēng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liǎn
- Wade–Giles: lien3
- Yale: lyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lean
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (臉兒 / 脸儿)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liǎnr
- Wade–Giles: lien3-ʼrh
- Yale: lyǎnr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leal
- Palladius: ляньр (ljanʹr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɑɻ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, shangkouzi pronunciation)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: liǎnr - front part of something, facial expression.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nian3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
- Sinological IPA (key): /niɛn⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лян (li͡an, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liæ̃⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lim5 / lim6
- Yale: líhm / lihm
- Cantonese Pinyin: lim5 / lim6
- Guangdong Romanization: lim5 / lim6
- Sinological IPA (key): /liːm¹³/, /liːm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: liam4
- Sinological IPA (key): /liam²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lien3
- Sinological IPA (key): /liɛn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liám
- Hakka Romanization System: liamˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liam3
- Sinological IPA: /li̯am³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lie2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: liēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ieŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- lián - vernacular;
- liám - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: liang2 / liêng2 / liam2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liáng / liéng / liám
- Sinological IPA (key): /liaŋ⁵²/, /lieŋ⁵²/, /liam⁵²/
Note:
- liang2/liam2 - Shantou;
- liêng2 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: leamX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːmʔ/, /*kramʔ/
Definitions
[edit]臉
- (literary) cheek
- face (Classifier: 張/张 m)
- (by extension) facial expression; complexion
- (figurative) front part of something
- (figurative) reputation; face; image
Synonyms
[edit]- (face):
- 喙面 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 嘴臉 / 嘴脸 (zuǐliǎn) (usually derogatory)
- 臉子 / 脸子 (liǎnzi) (colloquial)
- 臉蛋 / 脸蛋 (liǎndàn) (colloquial)
- 臉蛋子 / 脸蛋子 (liǎndànzi) (colloquial, mainland China)
- 臉部 / 脸部 (liǎnbù)
- 臉面 / 脸面 (liǎnmiàn)
- 面 (miàn) (compounds or dialectical)
- 面孔 (miànkǒng) (formal or Wu)
- 面目 (miànmù)
- 面貌 (miànmào)
- 面部 (miànbù)
- 顏面 / 颜面 (yánmiàn)
Dialectal synonyms of 臉 (“face”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 上臉 / 上脸 (shàngliǎn)
- 三花臉 / 三花脸
- 上頭鋪臉 / 上头铺脸
- 不得臉 / 不得脸
- 不要臉 / 不要脸 (bùyàoliǎn)
- 不順臉 / 不顺脸
- 丟臉 / 丢脸 (diūliǎn)
- 二花臉 / 二花脸
- 倥臉 / 倥脸
- 做嘴臉 / 做嘴脸
- 做臉 / 做脸
- 做臉兒 / 做脸儿
- 做鬼臉 / 做鬼脸 (zuò guǐliǎn)
- 光臉 / 光脸
- 兜臉 / 兜脸
- 冰臉 / 冰脸
- 冷臉子 / 冷脸子 (lěngliǎnzi)
- 凍凌觜臉 / 冻凌觜脸
- 凹心臉兒 / 凹心脸儿
- 刮臉 / 刮脸 (guāliǎn)
- 刷臉 / 刷脸 (shuāliǎn)
- 刮臉皮 / 刮脸皮 (guā liǎnpí)
- 劈臉 / 劈脸
- 劈頭劈臉 / 劈头劈脸
- 劈頭蓋臉 / 劈头盖脸 (pītóugàiliǎn)
- 勻臉 / 匀脸
- 勾臉 / 勾脸
- 勾臉譜 / 勾脸谱
- 卸臉 / 卸脸 (xièliǎn)
- 厚臉皮 / 厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)
- 反臉 / 反脸
- 反臉無情 / 反脸无情
- 含臉 / 含脸
- 呆著臉 / 呆著脸
- 哭喪臉 / 哭丧脸
- 哭喪著臉 / 哭丧著脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
- 唱紅白臉 / 唱红白脸
- 喪著臉 / 丧著脸
- 嘻皮笑臉 (xīpíxiàoliǎn)
- 嘴臉 / 嘴脸 (zuǐliǎn)
- 圓臉 / 圆脸
- 團臉 / 团脸
- 團頭團臉 / 团头团脸
- 大團白臉 / 大团白脸
- 大白臉 / 大白脸
- 大花臉 / 大花脸
- 娃娃臉 / 娃娃脸 (wáwaliǎn)
- 嫩臉 / 嫩脸
- 嬉皮笑臉 / 嬉皮笑脸 (xīpíxiàoliǎn)
- 孤拐臉 / 孤拐脸
- 容長臉 / 容长脸
- 對臉 / 对脸
- 小白臉 / 小白脸 (xiǎobáiliǎn)
- 小臉兒 / 小脸儿
- 小花臉 / 小花脸
- 平頭大臉 / 平头大脸
- 平頭整臉 / 平头整脸
- 平頭正臉 / 平头正脸
- 後臉兒 / 后脸儿
- 得臉 / 得脸
- 急赤白臉 / 急赤白脸
- 愁眉苦臉 / 愁眉苦脸 (chóuméikǔliǎn)
- 慢臉 / 慢脸
- 戴頭識臉 / 戴头识脸
- 扁塌臉 / 扁塌脸
- 打腫臉龐 / 打肿脸庞
- 打臉子 / 打脸子
- 打花臉 / 打花脸
- 扮白臉 / 扮白脸
- 抓破臉兒 / 抓破脸儿
- 扯破臉皮 / 扯破脸皮
- 把臉一板 / 把脸一板
- 扮鬼臉 / 扮鬼脸 (bànguǐliǎn)
- 抹下臉 / 抹下脸
- 拉下臉 / 拉下脸
- 拐子臉 / 拐子脸
- 抹臉 / 抹脸
- 拋臉 / 抛脸
- 拉長臉 / 拉长脸
- 拍鬼臉 / 拍鬼脸
- 挨肩擦臉 / 挨肩擦脸
- 掉背臉 / 掉背脸
- 掙臉 / 挣脸
- 掃臉 / 扫脸
- 撂下臉來 / 撂下脸来
- 摔臉子 / 摔脸子
- 撲克臉 / 扑克脸 (pūkèliǎn)
- 撕破臉 / 撕破脸 (sīpòliǎn)
- 撲臉 / 扑脸
- 撲頭撲臉 / 扑头扑脸
- 擦臉 / 擦脸
- 攢眉苦臉 / 攒眉苦脸
- 放下臉 / 放下脸
- 放下黑臉 / 放下黑脸
- 整臉 / 整脸
- 整臉子 / 整脸子
- 有臉 / 有脸
- 有臉面 / 有脸面
- 有頭有臉 / 有头有脸 (yǒutóuyǒuliǎn)
- 有頭臉 / 有头脸
- 杏臉 / 杏脸
- 杏臉桃腮 / 杏脸桃腮
- 板著臉 / 板著脸
- 板起臉 / 板起脸 (bǎnqǐliǎn)
- 架子花臉 / 架子花脸
- 桃腮杏臉 / 桃腮杏脸
- 棗核臉 / 枣核脸
- 樺皮臉 / 桦皮脸
- 死不要臉 / 死不要脸
- 死皮賴臉 / 死皮赖脸 (sǐpílàiliǎn)
- 死要臉 / 死要脸
- 沉下臉 / 沉下脸
- 沒皮沒臉 / 没皮没脸
- 沒皮賴臉 / 没皮赖脸
- 沒臉 / 没脸
- 沒臉面 / 没脸面
- 沒頭沒臉 / 没头没脸
- 油頭滑臉 / 油头滑脸
- 洗臉 / 洗脸 (xǐliǎn)
- 涎皮賴臉 / 涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
- 涎臉 / 涎脸
- 涎臉涎皮 / 涎脸涎皮
- 滿臉 / 满脸 (mǎnliǎn)
- 滿臉堆笑 / 满脸堆笑
- 滿臉濺朱 / 满脸溅朱
- 滿臉花 / 满脸花
- 滿臉通紅 / 满脸通红
- 滿臉飛紅 / 满脸飞红
- 灰頭土臉 / 灰头土脸 (huītóutǔliǎn)
- 照臉 / 照脸
- 蒸臉 / 蒸脸
- 熟臉兒 / 熟脸儿
- 爭臉 / 争脸
- 狗血噴臉 / 狗血喷脸
- 獃著臉 / 呆著脸
- 瓜子臉 / 瓜子脸 (guāzǐliǎn)
- 生臉兒 / 生脸儿
- 甩臉子 / 甩脸子
- 留臉 / 留脸
- 留臉面 / 留脸面
- 白臉 / 白脸 (báiliǎn)
- 白臉兒 / 白脸儿
- 皮臉 / 皮脸
- 皮著臉 / 皮著脸
- 看臉子 / 看脸子
- 破了臉 / 破了脸
- 破臉 / 破脸
- 磨不開臉 / 磨不开脸
- 神頭鬼臉 / 神头鬼脸
- 窮腮乞臉 / 穷腮乞脸
- 笑臉 / 笑脸 (xiàoliǎn)
- 笑臉攻勢 / 笑脸攻势
- 紅臉 / 红脸
- 紅臉兒漢 / 红脸儿汉
- 絞臉 / 绞脸
- 給臉 / 给脸
- 繃臉 / 绷脸 (běngliǎn)
- 羞羞臉 / 羞羞脸
- 翻臉 / 翻脸 (fānliǎn)
- 老臉 / 老脸
- 老臉皮 / 老脸皮
- 老著臉 / 老著脸
- 老著臉皮 / 老著脸皮
- 耍臉子 / 耍脸子
- 腆臉 / 腆脸
- 腆著臉 / 腆著脸
- 臉上 / 脸上
- 臉上無光 / 脸上无光
- 臉上貼金 / 脸上贴金
- 臉兒 / 脸儿 (liǎnr)
- 臉型 / 脸型 (liǎnxíng)
- 臉大 / 脸大
- 臉嫩 / 脸嫩
- 臉子 / 脸子 (liǎnzi)
- 臉孔 / 脸孔 (liǎnkǒng)
- 臉巴子 / 脸巴子 (liǎnbāzi)
- 臉帕 / 脸帕
- 臉龐 / 脸庞 (liǎnpáng)
- 臉急 / 脸急
- 臉慢 / 脸慢
- 臉欺膩玉 / 脸欺腻玉
- 臉水 / 脸水
- 臉波 / 脸波
- 臉熱 / 脸热
- 臉白氣噎 / 脸白气噎
- 臉皮 / 脸皮 (liǎnpí)
- 臉皮厚 / 脸皮厚
- 臉皮薄 / 脸皮薄
- 臉盆 / 脸盆 (liǎnpén)
- 臉盤兒 / 脸盘儿 (liǎnpánr)
- 臉硬 / 脸硬
- 臉紅 / 脸红 (liǎnhóng)
- 臉紅心跳 / 脸红心跳
- 臉紅耳赤 / 脸红耳赤
- 臉紅頭脹 / 脸红头胀
- 臉腦 / 脸脑
- 臉膛兒 / 脸膛儿 (liǎntángr)
- 臉色 / 脸色 (liǎnsè)
- 臉色有異 / 脸色有异
- 臉蛋 / 脸蛋 (liǎndàn)
- 臉譜 / 脸谱 (liǎnpǔ)
- 臉軟 / 脸软
- 臉軟心慈 / 脸软心慈
- 臉道 / 脸道
- 臉部 / 脸部 (liǎnbù)
- 臉都綠了 / 脸都绿了
- 臉酸 / 脸酸
- 臉面 / 脸面 (liǎnmiàn)
- 臉面之情 / 脸面之情
- 臉頰 / 脸颊 (liǎnjiá)
- 臉頰骨 / 脸颊骨
- 臉黃皮寡 / 脸黄皮寡
- 花臉 / 花脸 (huāliǎn)
- 花臉狼 / 花脸狼
- 苦瓜臉 / 苦瓜脸 (kǔguāliǎn)
- 苦著臉 / 苦著脸
- 落著臉 / 落著脸
- 蓋臉 / 盖脸
- 薄臉 / 薄脸
- 蘋果臉 / 苹果脸
- 虎臉子 / 虎脸子
- 蟹殼臉 / 蟹壳脸
- 衲臉 / 衲脸
- 裝鬼臉 / 装鬼脸
- 西眉南臉 / 西眉南脸
- 要臉 / 要脸 (yàoliǎn)
- 討沒臉面 / 讨没脸面
- 訕臉 / 讪脸
- 變嘴臉 / 变嘴脸
- 變臉 / 变脸 (biànliǎn)
- 貓兒洗臉 / 猫儿洗脸
- 貓兒臉 / 猫儿脸
- 買臉 / 买脸
- 賠笑臉 / 赔笑脸 (péixiàoliǎn)
- 賞臉 / 赏脸 (shǎngliǎn)
- 賣臉 / 卖脸
- 轉臉 / 转脸
- 逞臉 / 逞脸
- 醜頭怪臉 / 丑头怪脸
- 長著臉 / 长著脸
- 門臉 / 门脸 (ménliǎn)
- 門臉兒 / 门脸儿
- 開臉 / 开脸
- 闖開臉兒 / 闯开脸儿
- 陪笑臉 / 陪笑脸 (péi xiàoliǎn)
- 陰陽臉 / 阴阳脸
- 露臉 / 露脸 (lòuliǎn)
- 青臉獠牙 / 青脸獠牙
- 靦臉 / 䩄脸
- 鞋臉 / 鞋脸
- 頇臉 / 顸脸
- 頭臉 / 头脸
- 顧臉 / 顾脸
- 馬起臉 / 马起脸
- 驢臉 / 驴脸
- 骨查臉 / 骨查脸
- 高揚臉兒 / 高扬脸儿
- 鬼臉 / 鬼脸 (guǐliǎn)
- 鬼臉青 / 鬼脸青
- 鴨蛋臉 / 鸭蛋脸
- 鴨蛋臉兒 / 鸭蛋脸儿
- 鵝蛋臉兒 / 鹅蛋脸儿
- 麻胡著臉 / 麻胡著脸
- 麻臉 / 麻脸 (máliǎn)
- 黃臉婆 / 黄脸婆 (huángliǎnpó)
- 黑臉 / 黑脸 (hēiliǎn)
- 黑臉兒 / 黑脸儿
- 黑臉董嘴 / 黑脸董嘴
- 鼻青臉腫 / 鼻青脸肿 (bíqīngliǎnzhǒng)
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 臉 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 脸 | |
alternative forms | 䑎 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cian
- Wade–Giles: chʻien1
- Yale: chyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cim1
- Yale: chīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsim1
- Guangdong Romanization: qim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tshjem
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*skʰlam/
Definitions
[edit]臉
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “臉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]臉
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: けん (ken)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)、せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)、れん (ren)←れん (ren, historical)←れむ (remu, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken)←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)、せん (sen)←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)、らん (ran)←らん (ran, historical)←らむ (ramu, ancient)
- Kan’yō-on: れん (ren)
- Kun: まぶた (mabuta, 臉)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]臉: Hán Nôm readings: kiểm, quặm, liển, liễn, liễm, kiễm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- zh:Anatomy
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- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading れん
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading れん
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading れむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading けん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading けむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading せむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading らん
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading らん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading らむ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading れん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まぶた
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