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儉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 俭

儉 U+5109, 儉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5109
← 儈
[U+5108] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儊 →
[U+510A]

Translingual

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Traditional 儉
Shinjitai 倹
Simplified 俭

Han character

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儉 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人一人 (OOMO), four-corner 28286, composition ⿰亻僉)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 226, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5109

Chinese

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trad. 儉
simp. 俭
alternative forms 倹
𠈏 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 儉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s05807
Transcribed ancient scripts
L35511
L18813
L18814
L18815
L18816
L18817
L18818
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡramʔ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

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Note: kiang6 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨險切
Baxter gjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚiɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjiamX/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjɛmX/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭɛmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjemX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/
English restrict, frugal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 儉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10213
Phonetic
component 		僉
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		儉
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡramʔ/

Definitions

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儉

  1. frugal; thrifty
    節儉／节俭  ―  jiéjiǎn  ―  frugal; thrifty; economical
    勤儉／勤俭  ―  qínjiǎn  ―  hardworking and thrifty
    儉樸／俭朴  ―  jiǎnpǔ  ―  thrifty and simple
    省吃儉用／省吃俭用  ―  shěngchījiǎnyòng  ―  to save on food and daily expenses
    勤工儉學／勤工俭学  ―  qíngōngjiǎnxué  ―  part-time work and part-time study
  2. † modest; moderate; temperate
  3. † lacking; insufficient
  4. † poor harvest
  5. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up
  6. (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 省 (“to save; to economize”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 省
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 省
Singapore 省
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 省
Cantonese Guangzhou 慳
Hong Kong 慳
Taishan 慳
Singapore (Guangfu) 慳
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 慳
Hakka Meixian 省
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 慳
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 省
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 省
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 省
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 省
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 省
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 省
Hong Kong 省
Southern Min Taipei 省 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 省
Singapore (Hokkien) 省, 儉
Manila (Hokkien) 省
Chaozhou 儉
Shantou 儉, 省
Jieyang 儉
Haifeng 儉
Singapore (Teochew) 儉
Pontianak (Teochew) 儉
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

倹

Kyūjitai

儉

Kanji

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儉

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 倹)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

儉 (eumhun 검소하 검 (geomsoha geom))

  1. hanja form? of 검 (“frugal, temperate”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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儉: Hán Nôm readings: kiệm, cợm, hiếm, thiếu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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