Appendix:Tonkawa Swadesh list
Appearance
Tonkawa Swadesh list selected from Hoijer (1949):[1]
Hoijer (1949)
[edit]No. | Gloss | Tonkawa | Notes (Tonkawa) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | I | saˑ- | first person pronoun stem |
2 | you (singular) | naˑ-ya | |
3 | he | ʔa-, ʔaˑ- | third person pronoun |
4 | we | kew-saˑ-ya | we two. |
5 | you (plural) | we-naˑ-ya | you two |
6 | they | ʔeˑ-noˑ-ka | they (who) were doing so. |
7 | this | ||
8 | that | weˑ-, weˑ?- | that one |
9 | here | -newleka- | here and there |
10 | there | -noˑlka- | here and there |
11 | who | sik | |
12 | what | hecuˑ | |
13 | where | he-te-ca | |
14 | when | -ʔok | |
15 | how | ||
16 | not | kapay | no, not, nothing, none |
17 | all | -tana- | (?) |
18 | many | haˑʔas | many, much, a great deal |
19 | some | ʔecas | some of them |
20 | few | ||
21 | other | ʔet-kalak | |
22 | one | weˑʔls | |
23 | two | ketay | |
24 | three | metis | |
25 | four | sikit | |
26 | five | kaskʷa | |
27 | big | kʷaˑlow | (in size) |
28 | long | haway | tall, high, long, loud |
29 | wide | xakay | |
30 | thick | hewll | thickly |
31 | heavy | ||
32 | small | ʔawʔis | |
33 | short | temʔay | |
34 | narrow | ||
35 | thin | hacoxkane- | |
36 | woman | kʷa-n | |
37 | man (adult male) | haˑʔakoˑn | man, husband, male |
38 | man (human being) | tickan | humans, human beings |
39 | child | ||
40 | wife | ʔatnaw-ke- | love another’s wife |
41 | husband | haˑʔakoˑn | |
42 | mother | kakaʔ | |
43 | father | ʔewas | |
44 | animal | ||
45 | fish | neswalʔan | |
46 | bird | ko-lʔa | |
47 | dog | ʔekˑan | |
48 | louse | ||
49 | snake | seˑnan | |
50 | worm | ||
51 | tree, wood | ||
52 | forest | heylapan-(n)otos | |
53 | stick | kʷeˑ | |
54 | fruit | ||
55 | seed | xeˑl | |
56 | leaf | xaˑsoy-tlc | |
57 | root | ||
58 | bark (of a tree) | no̠kokxa- | (a dog) |
59 | flower | nahen-, nahenan | |
60 | grass | nesawyaxan | |
61 | rope | sʔeˑtan | |
62 | skin | netxeyʔan | tanned skin |
63 | meat | ʔawas | |
64 | blood | ʔoˑn | |
65 | bone | ne̠kame- | |
66 | fat (noun) | xaˑ | |
67 | egg | haˑlol | |
68 | horn | kan-xaycon | horn (of an animal) |
69 | tail | tan | |
70 | feather | ʔeʔeyoˑn, ?eʔeyon | feathers |
71 | hair | xʔaˑk | hair of the head |
72 | head | taˑkey | |
73 | ear | henicxayʔan | |
74 | eye | nemtan-xaˑ | |
75 | nose | yamʔacxan | |
76 | mouth | kala | |
77 | tooth | ||
78 | tongue (organ) | ne̠ta̠le-, netatale- | to lick (it) with the tongue |
79 | fingernail | ||
80 | foot | naˑtan | |
81 | leg | yakʷan | |
82 | knee | ||
83 | hand | nota-, nonota-, nonotawa- | to touch (it) with the hand |
84 | wing | ||
85 | belly | ʔasoy | |
86 | guts | ||
87 | neck | yaklʔaxan | |
88 | back | hececoˑn | |
89 | breast | ||
90 | heart | yacanan | |
91 | liver | teyey | |
92 | to drink | xane-, hexaxanewe- | |
93 | to eat | ya̠xa-, heyaxyaxa- | |
94 | to bite | na̠ce- | |
95 | to suck | kom-ya̠xʔoyco- | |
96 | to spit | ne̠lʔaya-, ne̠lʔalʔaye- | to spit (it) out |
97 | to vomit | yʔaˑc-to̠ˑxa- | to vomit on (him) |
98 | to blow | napox-to̠ˑxa- | to blow (it) at (him) |
99 | to breathe | hensaxka- | |
100 | to laugh | xʔaxʔayʔa- | |
101 | to see | ya̠ˑce-, yayace- | to see (him) |
102 | to hear | soskoˑna- | |
103 | to know | ha̠ixeseˑ- | to know (it) |
104 | to think | yacane- | to think about (It) |
105 | to smell | to̠xʷa̠na- | |
106 | to fear | cocxawa- (xoˑ-) | to be afraid |
107 | to sleep | co̠xa̠na-, co̠xʷa̠na- | |
108 | to live | ||
109 | to die | hewawa- | |
110 | to kill | ya̠ˑloˑna- | to kill (him) |
111 | to fight | heˑsokyawa- (yoˑ-), heˑsosokyawa- | |
112 | to hunt | xilʔipa- | to hunt (animals) |
113 | to hit | kan-xacne- | to hit a distant object with a thrown missile. |
114 | to cut | xi̠le- | to cut (It) open |
115 | to split | ||
116 | to stab | ya̠ta̠sa-, yaytasa- | to stab (him) |
117 | to scratch | kalele- | |
118 | to dig | kʷanʔase-, kʷakʷanʔase- | |
119 | to swim | so̠'ya- | |
120 | to fly | yo̠xa- | |
121 | to walk | tickan-es-ʔe- | |
122 | to come | ||
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | ʔelnaw- | |
124 | to sit | yela- | to sit (down) |
125 | to stand | ||
126 | to turn (intransitive) | xaˑweyta- | to turn around |
127 | to fall | wa-n-atxilna- | |
128 | to give | ʔeke- | |
129 | to hold | taʔan-yeˑ- | to hold (it) in one’s hand. |
130 | to squeeze | na̠sʔoka-, na̠sʔosʔoka- | |
131 | to rub | ne̠pile- | |
132 | to wash | neˑclekʷe- | to wash (e.g. blankets, clothing) |
133 | to wipe | no̠ʔosa- | |
134 | to pull | nexelcew-xʔe̠ˑpa- | |
135 | to push | ya̠ke̠xe-, yaykexe- | to push (him) |
136 | to throw | ya̠le-, yayle- | to throw (it) |
137 | to tie | xaypllna- | |
138 | to sew | ya̠pe̠ce-, yaypece- | |
139 | to count | nes-kete- | to count (them). |
140 | to say | newe- | |
141 | to sing | hektawa-, hekektawa- | |
142 | to play | hektaˑwe-, hekektaˑwe- | to play (as children) |
143 | to float | ||
144 | to flow | ||
145 | to freeze | ||
146 | to swell | so̠ˑpka-, sosopka- | to swell up |
147 | sun | taxas | |
148 | moon | naʔas-ʔoˑʔoˑt | |
149 | star | tawsew | |
150 | water | ʔaˑx | |
151 | rain | yoˑmʔa | |
152 | river | cakaw | |
153 | lake | hencaˑn | |
154 | sea | ʔaˑx-kʷaˑlow | ocean: big water |
155 | salt | mamʔe- | |
156 | stone | yatexan | |
157 | sand | xeˑs | |
158 | dust | keˑwan | ash dust. |
159 | earth | haˑc | |
160 | cloud | -eykoʔon | |
161 | fog | ||
162 | sky | cʔel-ay | |
163 | wind | ʔacxaw-taˑna- | wind blows from the north |
164 | snow | maslak-elan | |
165 | ice | nestikan | |
166 | smoke | ne̠paxke- | |
167 | fire | mʔelʔan | |
168 | ash | keˑwan | fine white ashes, ash dust. |
169 | to burn | na̠wa- | |
170 | road | naˑx | |
171 | mountain | naˑtoˑn | |
172 | red | henenwan | red paint |
173 | green | xaslsʔeyplc | |
174 | yellow | makik | |
175 | white | maslak | |
176 | black | kaxaw | |
177 | night | ʔoˑʔa | |
178 | day | taxas | |
179 | year | nexʷa | winter; year |
180 | warm | xalal | |
181 | cold | ʔac-ʔix | |
182 | full | sʔe̠ˑcxa- | to be full |
183 | new | hosas | young, new, recen |
184 | old | koˑsʔa | |
185 | good | henox | |
186 | bad | ʔix | |
187 | rotten | ||
188 | dirty | ||
189 | straight | sltix | |
190 | round | taımay | |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | clkak | |
192 | dull (as a knife) | ||
193 | smooth | ||
194 | wet | toyʔo- | to wet |
195 | dry | hakne- | |
196 | correct | ||
197 | near | hakayta | near side. |
198 | far | cʔawʔal | |
199 | right | heʔey | as opposed to left |
200 | left | ʔasaˑhey | |
201 | at | to̠ˑxa- | on, onto, at |
202 | in | ko̠xo- | in, into |
203 | with | taˑ-ʔeye- | with (him) |
204 | and | ʔenik, ʔeˑnik | and, and then, but |
205 | if | -ʔok | |
206 | because | -aˑlakit | |
207 | name | hes-tewe-(toˑ-) | to name (him) |
References
[edit]- ^ Hoijer, Harry. 1949. An analytical dictionary of the Tonkawa language. University of California publications in linguistics, 5(1). Berkeley: University of California Press.
See also
[edit]