Jump to content

Appendix:Proto-Cariban reconstructions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Proto-Cariban reconstructions:[1][2]

Gildea (2007, 2012)

[edit]
gloss Proto-Carib}}
sun *titi
moon *nunô
water (n) *tuna
sunlight *awatinɨ
star *tirikô
DESIDERATIVE *(CV)te
sand *saka(w)
sand *samutu
body *jamun
flesh, meat, body *punu
meat food *ôtɨ
water *paru
rain *konopo
person *karipona
man *wôkɨrɨ
husband *nɨjo, *mɨjo
eye *ônu-ru
ear *pana-rɨ
nose *ôwna-rɨ
mouth *mɨta-rɨ
lip *ôtipi-rɨ
saliva *ôtaku
tooth *(j)ô-rɨ
tongue *nuru
one *tôwinô
two *atjôkô(nô/ne)
head *pu-tupô
forehead *pe-rɨ
leg *pôre(-pɨ/pa)
foot *pupu-ru
heel *pu(pu)-tôpu
sole of foot *pɨta
knee *ôtjôkumu-ru
neck *pɨmɨ-rɨ
breast *manatɨ-rɨ
chest *puropɨ-rɨ
buttocks *pupɨtɨkɨ
cheek *peta
forest *jutu
inside *tawô
to bite *ôteka
to give; to put *utu
hand *ômija-rɨ, *amo-rɨ
to do; to make; to put *(tɨ)rɨ, *(t)ɨrɨ
to gift O (with something) *ekarama
to put away *arama
belly *wetVpu
belly *(e)wenɨ
heart (guts); chest *ôwanô
liver *ôre
to close (tr. v) *apuru
to descend *wɨpɨtô
to see *ône
to hear *ôta
to know (tr. v) *putu
to know (postp) *warô
to sleep *wônɨkɨ
to sleep *wetu(mɨ)
to shoot; to kill *(tɨ)wô, *(t)wô(nô)
drink (noun) *woku-ru
to drink *ônɨrɨ
to eat (intr. v) *ôt-ôku
to eat fruit *ônapɨ
to eat meat *(t)ônô
to eat flour/bread *(t)ôku
to eat nuts *aku
to grate (manioc) *(tɨ)kɨ
to bathe (O) *(tɨ)pɨ
to weave *(tɨ)kapɨ
to cook; to boil *(tɨ)jô
to take; to pull out/away *(t)ôwɨ
to throw out *(tɨ)papo
to gather fruit *(tɨ)pôtɨ
fire *wepeto
fire *mapoto
ash *wôreiCV
to light fire *(t)urô
to burn (intr. v) *jatu
to burn (tr. v) *uk(w)a
to fell tree/farm *(tɨ)ma
to go *(wɨ-)tô(mô)
to come *(w)ôtepɨ
to come *(w)ômôkɨ
to say *(wɨ)ka(ti)
to be; to say *a(p)
to dwell; to be *(w)eti
to enter *(w)ômô(mi)
REFLEXIVE *(w)e-
RECIPROCAL *(w)ôte-
beak *potɨ-rɨ
earth *nono
cloud *kapurutu
rope *ôwa(-rɨ)
hot *atu(NV)
cold *atono
cold *t-ɨnotɨ-me
good *kure
hard *akɨpɨ
snake *ôkôju
path *ôtema(-rɨ)
mountain *(w)ɨpɨ
older brother *pipi
grandchild *pa-rɨ
faeces *wetɨ, *watô
to defecate *weka
child *mure
shoulder *mota-rɨ
thigh *petɨ
hair *(e)tipotɨ(-rɨ)
to cut *akôtô
to take; to carry *arô
to seize *apôti
1SG *ôwɨ-rô
2SG *ômô-rô
2COLL *ôm-jamo
1INCL *kɨnmô-rô
1INCL *kɨwɨ-rô
1INCL.COLL *kɨC-jamo
1EXCL *apina
this (INAN) *(t)ônɨ
this (INAN) *(t)ôrô
this (ANIM) *môtjô
this (ANIM COLL) *môtj-jamo
that (INAN) *mônɨ
that (INAN) *môrô
that (ANIM) *môkɨ-rô
that (ANIM COLL) *môk-jamo
who? *onôkɨ
all *ômerô
grease; fat *katɨ
to grow *atɨta, *anɨta
thick *tɨpɨtɨ-ma
AUGMENTATIVE *imô
small *pitikô
woman *wôrɨti
woman *pɨtɨ
fish *kana
jaguar *akôrô
jaguar *kaikuti
louse *(w)ajamô
tree *wewe, *jeje
branch *ekata
arm *apô-rɨ
seed *ôpɨ(-tɨpô)
seed *a-tɨpô
seed; contents *a-rɨ(-rɨ)
seed *ôna-tɨpô
leaf *jare
root *mitɨ
bark, skin *pitupô
blood *munu-ru
red *t-a(k)pi-re
white *t-a-(re)mutu-ne
black *t-puru-me/ke
night *koko
nightfall (intr. v) *koko-mamɨ
bone *j-ôtîpî-rî
egg *pumo
horn *retɨ-rɨ
tail; penis *arokɨ
scrotum; testicle *ômu(-ru)
feather *apôri-rɨ
name *ôtetɨ
ant *iraka
ant *kɨjawôko
ant *juku
ant *mɨkakô
ant *(n)mapu(nu)
bow *wɨrapa-rɨ
deer *(wɨ)kapawu
deer *karijakô
grandfather *tamo(ko)
heavy *amôti-ma/-ne
to sit *erew-ta/-ma
lightning *manan manan
howler monkey *arimi
monkey *itjo
rib *awo-tɨ
to roast *puru, *purô
to run *ekatu(mɨ)
shadow *amore-rɨ
shadow *ôkatu
short *tɨntɨ-tjô
to talk; to converse *ôt-uru
spider *mojoti
spider *tjawaraka(ru)
to tie *(m)ômô
today; now *amenarô
tomorrow *koropo
vagina *ôrɨ
to wait *mômôku
high *kawô
sun *weju
1SG *u-
3SG *i-
stone *tôpu
person *wɨtoto
to find *eporɨ
to descend *ôpinô
to pierce *atpo

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gildea, S. & Payne, D. (2007). Is Greenberg's "Macro-Carib" viable? In Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, Belém, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 19-72. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
  2. ^ Gildea, S. (2012). Linguistic studies in the Cariban family. In Campbell, L. & Grondona, V. (eds.), The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide. 441-494, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Accessed from DiACL, 9 February 2020.
Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages
North America

Amerindian • p-Amerind • p-Eskimo • p-Na-Dene • p-Athabaskan • p-Algonquian • Beothuk • p-Iroquoian • p-Siouan • Caddoan • Yuchi • Kutenai • Chinook • p-Sahaptian • p-Takelman • p-Kalapuyan • Alsea • p-Wintun • Klamath • Molala • Cayuse • Coos • Lower Umpqua • p-Utian • p-Yokuts • p-Maidun • p-Salishan • p-Wakashan • p-Chimakuan • p-Hokan • p-Palaihnihan • Chimariko • Shasta • Yana • p-Pomo • Esselen • Salinan • p-Chumash • Waikuri • p-Yuman • p-Yukian • Washo • p-Kiowa-Tanoan • p-Keresan • Coahuilteco • Comecrudo • Cotoname • Karankawa • Tonkawa • Maratino • Quinigua • Naolan • p-Muskogean • Natchez (Swadesh) • Atakapa • Adai • Timucua

Central America

p-Oto-Manguean • p-Oto-Pamean • p-Central Otomian • p-Otomi • p-Popolocan (p-Mazatec) • p-Chinantec • p-Mixtec • p-Zapotec • p-Uto-Aztecan • p-Aztecan • Purépecha (Swadesh) • Cuitlatec • p-Totozoquean • p-Totonacan • p-Mixe-Zoquean • Highland Chontal • Huamelultec • Tequistlatec • p-Huave • p-Mayan (Swadesh) • Xinca • p-Jicaque • p-Lencan • Lenca • p-Misumalpan

South America

p-Cariban • p-Taranoan • p-Chibchan • p-Barbacoan • Páez • p-Pano-Takanan • p-Panoan • p-Makú • Hupda • p-Tukanoan • p-Arawan • Harákmbut–Katukinan • p-Cahuapanan • p-Choco • p-Guahiban • p-Shuar • Candoshi • p-Shuar-Candoshi • Achuar • p-Nambikwaran • Tinigua • Timote • p-Lule-Vilela • Vilela • Chamacoco • Allentiac • Chaná • Arutani-Sape • p-Bora-Muinane • Bora • p-Witotoan • Witoto • p-Macro-Daha • Sáliba • Piaroa • Ticuna • Yuri • Caraballo • Andoque • p-Mataguayo • p-Guaicurú • Guachí • Payagua • Mura • Pirahã • Matanawi • Quechumaran • Quechuan • p-Zaparoan • p-Peba-Yagua • Iquito • p-Chapacuran • Andaqui • Guamo • Betoi • Kamsá • Otomacoan • Jirajaran • Hibito-Cholon • Cholón • Sechura-Catacao • Sechura • Culli • Mochica • Esmeralda • Taushiro • Urarina • Aiwa • Canichana • Guató • Irantxe • Aikanã • Kanoé (Swadesh) • Kwaza • Mato Grosso Arára • Munichi • Omurano • Puinave • Leco • Puquina • Ramanos • Warao • Yaruro • Yuracaré • Yurumangui

South America (NE Brazil)

Katembri • Taruma • Yatê • Xukurú • Natú • Pankararú • Tuxá • Atikum • Kambiwá • Xokó • Baenan • Kaimbé • Tarairiú • Gamela

South America (Arawakan)

p-Arawakan • p-Japurá-Colombia • p-Lokono-Guajiro • Wayuu • p-Mamoré-Guaporé • p-Bolivia • p-Mojeño • p-Purus

South America (Macro-Jê)

p-Macro-Jê • Rikbaktsa • p-Jê • Jeikó • p-Jabuti • p-Kamakã • Kamakã • Maxakali • Chiquitano • Dzubukua • Oti • p-Puri • p-Bororo

South America (Tupian)

p-Tupian • Puruborá • Karo • p-Tupari • p-Maweti-Guarani • p-Tupi-Guarani • Guaraní