Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/ônɨ

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Alternative forms

• *tjônɨ

Pronoun

*ônɨ

1. the inanimate proximal invisible or previously known demonstrative pronoun; this (that I can’t see or that has been previously introduced)

Inflection

Proto-Cariban demonstratives

category	inanimate pronoun	animate pronoun
		non-collective	collective
proximal	*(tj)ôrô, *(tj)ônɨ	*môtjô	*môtjamo
medial	*môrô	—	—
distal	*mônɨ	*môkɨ	*môkjamo
anaphoric	*irô	*inôrô	*injamo

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: seny
  • Kari'na: eny
  • Proto-Taranoan: *(c)enɨ
    • Akurio: tyenï
    • Carijona: enï
    • Trió: senï
  • Wayana: sin
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: onà
  • Waiwai: on
• Pekodian:
  • ⇒ Ikpeng: nen
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Chaima: en, chen
  • Mapoyan:
    • Yabarana: e:ni, se:ni
  • Pemongan:
    • Macushi: seni
    • Pemon: senü, senük, sene, senek
  • Tamanaku: chene
• Waimiri-Atroari: anji, hanji, kanji

References

• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[1], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[2], Houston: Rice University, pages 145, 186
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[3], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 263