Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/inôrô

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Etymology

Perhaps from an earlier *inô +‎ *rô (emphatic particle).

Pronoun

*inôrô

1. the animate non-collective anaphoric demonstrative pronoun; this one (aforementioned), this one that was just spoken of

Inflection

Proto-Cariban demonstratives

category	inanimate pronoun	animate pronoun
		non-collective	collective
proximal	*(tj)ôrô, *(tj)ônɨ	*môtjô	*môtjamo
medial	*môrô	—	—
distal	*mônɨ	*môkɨ	*môkjamo
anaphoric	*irô	*inôrô	*injamo

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: ynoro
  • Kari'na: inoro
  • Proto-Taranoan: *nərə
    • Akurio: nëërë
    • Carijona: nërë
    • Trió: nërë, inëërë
  • Wayana: inëlë
• Kuikuroan:
  • Kuikúro: üngele
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: noro
  • Kaxuyana: noro
  • Waiwai: noro
• Pekodian:
  • Bakairí: inârâ
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Tamanaku: nare
• Ye'kwana: ñöödö

References

• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[1], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*(i)nərə”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[2], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2024-02-07
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[3], Houston: Rice University, page 183
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[4], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 275
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ñöödö”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[5], Lyon, page 122