Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/môkjamo

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Etymology

From *môkɨ (animate non-collective distal demonstrative pronoun) +‎ *-jamo (collective suffix).

Pronoun

*môkjamo

1. the animate collective distal demonstrative pronoun; those

Inflection

Proto-Cariban demonstratives

category	inanimate pronoun	animate pronoun
		non-collective	collective
proximal	*(tj)ôrô, *(tj)ônɨ	*môtjô	*môtjamo
medial	*môrô	—	—
distal	*mônɨ	*môkɨ	*môkjamo
anaphoric	*irô	*inôrô	*injamo

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: mokamo
  • Kari'na: mòkan
  • Proto-Taranoan: *məkamo
    • ⇒ Carijona: mëkamoro
    • ⇒ Trió: (analogically rebuilt) mëkïjamo
  • Wayana: mëkjam
• Parukotoan:
  • Hixkaryana: mokyamo
  • Waiwai: mïkyam
• Pekodian:
  • >? Bakairí: akaemo
  • Ikpeng: ugyam
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • Chaima: mukiamo, mukiam
  • Tamanaku: mukiamo
• Ye'kwana: makkamo

References

• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[1], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[2], Houston: Rice University, page 186
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[3], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 318
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “makkamo”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[4], Lyon, page 122