Appendix:Proto-Central Otomian reconstructions

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Proto-Central Otomian reconstructions (i.e., reconstruction of the proto-language ancestral to Otomi and Mazahua) by Newman & Weitlaner (1950):[1]

Newman & Weitlaner (1950)

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No. English gloss Proto-Central Otomian notes
1 to lose *ʔbɛdi
2 grandchild *ʔbɛtio
3 to be *ʔbqi
4 music *ʔbidia
5 to come *ʔẽhẽ
6 to hurt *ʔə
7 chile *ʔi
8 sour *ʔiši
9 broom *ʔmbaši
10 road *ʔñiũ
11 nothing *ʔotho
12 salt *ʔõ
13 flea *ʔɔ
14 potato *ʔrokʔa
15 to hear *ʔʌde
16 hen *ʔʌni
17 maguey *ʔwadia
18 to rot *ʔya
19 carpenter *ʔyaši
20 hand, arm *ʔyɛ
21 root *ʔyə
22 to be fragrant *ʔyəri
23 metate rolling pin *ʔyiq
24 neck *ʔyiəgia
25 reed *ʔyio
26 dog *ʔyo
27 dry *ʔyori
28 to dry *ʔyotʔi
29 to empty *ʔyʌri
30 to do *ʔyʌtʔe
31 tail *cʔə
32 bad, dirty *cʔo
33 to spit *cʔogi
34 to injure *cʔori
35 to bite (p-Otomi); to swallow, to devour (p-Mazahua) *ca
36 cold *cɛ
37 to obtain *cədi
38 to suck *cəti
39 to eat, to drink *ci
40 fire *cibi
41 to suck *ciə
42 female *cu
43 eagle *čəni
44 big *dã
45 water *dehe
46 bottle gourd *dɛmiũ
47 firefly *dɛri
48 wild cherry *desɛ
49 to answer *dəãdi
50 stone *do
51 old, big *dʌ
52 flower *dʌni
53 tear *gidɔ
54 nine *(i)giə-to, -nto
55 privative *go-
56 ear *gõ
57 foot *gwa
58 yes *hã
59 to roast *hãši
60 deep *hẽ
61 sky *hẽcʔi
62 to sprin thread *hẽtʔi
63 to whistle *həši
64 suffix *-hiə suffix used with first person pronoun to indicate plural inclusive, with second person pronoun to indicate plural
65 boss *hmũ
66 town *hnini
67 speech, language, word *hñã
68 eight *hñiãto, -nto
69 three *hñiũ
70 food *hñũni
71 earth *hɔi
72 to lay eggs *hũi
73 to cook *hʌcʔe
74 wing *hwa
75 to select *hwahni
76 maize land *hwãhĩ
77 to blow *hwiphi
78 to dawn *hyaci
79 sun *hyadi
80 to leave *hyɛgi
81 heavy *hyə
82 to search *hyori
83 orphan *hyoya
84 horsefly *kʔa
85 blue, green *kʔangi
86 yellow *kʔaštʔi
87 to complain *kʔẽ
88 to remove *(i)kʔə
89 to grind (p-Otomi); stone for grinding maize (San Miguel Tenoxtitlan Mazahua) *kəni
90 to be, to exist *kha
91 bean *khə
92 maize dough *khəni
93 blood *khi
94 skirt, petticoat *khiʌde
95 nobody *kho
96 man's sister *khũ
97 rabbit *khwa
98 to enter *kiətʔi
99 man's brother-in-law *ko
100 to go *ma
101 to shout *maphi
102 milk *mba
103 to work *mbɛphi
104 fright *mbĩdĩ
105 spider *meše
106 money *mɛti
107 expensive *miãdi
108 coyote *minʔyo
109 squirrel *miniã
110 mosquito *modɔ
111 crooked *mɔgi
112 gourd *mũ
113 sapodilla *mũza
114 sind, air *n-dãhi
115 seed *n-dɔ
116 mouth *ne
117 to want, to like *ne
118 to dance *nẽi
119 left *ngiãhiã
120 meat *n-giʌ
121 rat, mouse *n-gõ
122 house *n-gũ
123 church *nikhĩa
124 fat *noho
125 now *nuya
126 to speak *ñã
127 doctor, conjurer *ñẽi
128 conjurer (p-Otomi); medicine, poison (San Miguel Tenoxtitlan Mazahua) *ñẽte
129 head *ñiã
130 knee *ñiãhmõ
131 hot *pa
132 to raise *pacʔi
133 buzzard *padia
134 shirt *pahni
135 to sweep *paši
136 to weave *pe
137 to wash clothes *peri
138 to have *pɛcʔi
139 a fruit (tejocote) *pɛri
140 horse *phari large animal in compounds
141 foam *phəgi
142 to take care of *phɔdi
143 to bark *phʌge
144 rattlesnake *pozə
145 to sell *pɔ
146 article singular *ra
147 new *raʔyo
148 to cross over *racʔi
149 ten *(i)rɛtʔa
150 twenty *(i)rote
151 pulque *sẽi
152 to scrape *šatʔi
153 dust-storm *šɛdi
154 eagle *šəni
155 back *šəthia
156 leaf *ši covering in compounds
157 wool *šiʔyo
158 lungs *šihñẽ
159 to tell *šiphi
160 to open *šoki
161 morning, shade *šõdi
162 night *šõi
163 fingernail *šɔ
164 to pray, to read *šɔdi
165 hair *štiã
166 female person *-šũ- only in composition
167 pitcher *šʌni
168 nominalizing or third verb stem prefix *t-
169 unfermented juice of maguey *tʔaphi
170 toys *tʔẽni
171 metal, bell *tʔɛgi
172 grasshopper *tʔəãši
173 child *tʔiə
174 hill, mountain *tʔiʌhiʌ
175 louse *tʔo
176 father *ta
177 ear of corn *thã
178 tamale *thẽdi
179 to cart *thẽni
180 thread, rope *thəãhĩ
181 to tie *thəãtʔi
182 outside *thi
183 nothing but *-tho
184 to touch *(i)thɔdi
185 bench *thũhni
186 torch pine *tiədi
187 duck *tigia
188 drunk *tĩ
189 to sing *tõhõ
190 to fall down *tɔgi
191 to buy, market *(i)tɔi
192 frog *wɛ
193 associative 1st and 2nd persons *-wi
194 twig *yɛza
195 two *yiohio
196 seven *yio-to, -nto
197 candle *yo
198 to give births *yodi
199 to obey *yʌde
200 tree, sick *za plant in compounds
201 pig *zakhwa
202 strong *zɛdi
203 to greet *zɛngwa

References

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  1. ^ Newman, Stanley and Robert Weitlaner. 1950. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1262851 Central Otomian II: Primitive Central Otomian Reconstructions. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Apr., 1950), pp. 73-81. University of Chicago Press.
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