Appendix:Natchez Swadesh list
Appearance
Natchez Swadesh list selected from van Tuyl (1979):[1]
van Tuyl (1979)
[edit]No. | Gloss | Natchez | Notes (Natchez) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | I | takä-́ha, tagäʼɣa | I, me (personal pronouns) |
2 | you (singular) | akäʼha | |
3 | he | ishiná | Also, she, it. |
4 | we | taká'hni | Also, us. |
5 | you (plural) | ahá'hni | |
6 | they | mánawá, mána wá, ishiná'hni | |
7 | this | káya | |
8 | that | maná | Also, that is. |
9 | here | mak, ... káya, kayá | Also, this. |
10 | there | maa-k, ... manú'h | |
11 | who | átskan | This is the interrogative pronoun. |
12 | what | kōs | Also, who is it? |
13 | where | taká (ta-kǔʼh) | |
14 | when | tawit | Also, whenever. |
15 | how | kos tehilatchi̇́k | |
16 | not | hāt, āt | Also, a general negative particle. |
17 | all | látashi | |
18 | many | talúin | Also, more, much. Distributive form is talutalu-in |
19 | some | ||
20 | few | si̇́tcha | |
21 | other | hiákwal | Also, another. |
22 | one | wi̇́tan, wi̇̄ʼdan | Form with -d- is more common. |
23 | two | áwiti, áwa | Abbreviated form. |
24 | three | nēʼdi | |
25 | four | kináwiti | Lit. "twice two". Two is literally "one again". |
26 | five | ishpi̇́di | |
27 | big | liikip, li̇̄kipi, lēkep, lehkip | |
28 | long | watákupin, ... watákupi | |
29 | wide | ʔepetkup, ... epetkūpi | |
30 | thick | luk̃átgup | Distributive form lukatlukátgup. Refers to water and the like. |
31 | heavy | kwentchi̇́pi | |
32 | small | mudshi̇́u('h) | |
33 | short | mútsmutskup, mútskup, ... motchmotchikitî, ... mocmockup | |
34 | narrow | shäʼkup, shäʼgup. Distributive form is shäkshäk'kup ... toló-iti | |
35 | thin | ||
36 | woman | táma'l | |
37 | man (adult male) | tám kábina | Also, male. |
38 | man (human being) | tám kábina | Also, male. |
39 | child | tschi̇́dshi, támiu'h | Also, baby |
40 | wife | ʔaaL | |
41 | husband | kápina | |
42 | mother | kwáli-ish, kwálish | Also, aunt. |
43 | father | ipi̇́s ni̇́sa | cf., my father... abishnisha |
44 | animal | ||
45 | fish | ʔen, ... äʼⁿ | Also, trout. |
46 | bird | shōχ᷄u'l | |
47 | dog | wáshkup | |
48 | louse | tán, táⁿ, ... tān | |
49 | snake | úla, ... úla | |
50 | worm | kitchipi̇́pini̇̄l | |
51 | tree, wood | cuu, ... tchú, tsú | Also, wood. |
52 | forest | tchu yánan | |
53 | stick | hánaksh | Also, Adam's apple. |
54 | fruit | tank patchi̇́lu | |
55 | seed | páhelush | Also, crop. |
56 | leaf | átul | Also, leaf-like, paper, cardboard, and the like. |
57 | root | îʼntchibi'l | |
58 | bark (of a tree) | ebésh | |
59 | flower | kúsh kahāp, kahāʼilūʼzhi, ... kaha-i̇̂lúsi, khvëlúse | |
60 | grass | éwel | |
61 | rope | aχtsigaχál, ... o'ltchitchakál | |
62 | skin | tóloksha ... tōtoks (or tóloks?) | |
63 | meat | winc, ... wi̇́ntchia, wi̇́ntsia | Also, forehead |
64 | blood | i̇̂ʼdsha, itch, itsh | |
65 | bone | ʔekʷel (e), ékuel | |
66 | fat (noun) | néhkʷ, ... he'hkwa, né'hkwēn, néhkwa, nék'v, né'kwa | |
67 | egg | éyet | |
68 | horn | ká'ma, kám, káᵐ, ... kumhmá | |
69 | tail | ʔisi, ... i̇̌ʼshia, ǐzhia, ishi wálak̃up, issi | |
70 | feather | itop (it-top) | |
71 | hair | etén, éden, ló, lóya | etén also means scalp. |
72 | head | āʼbuya | |
73 | ear | ibuk(a) | |
74 | eye | ʔuk-tuL, ... ókut'l, úktu'l | |
75 | nose | shamatch(a) | |
76 | mouth | ʔihi, ... íhia, ihi- | |
77 | tooth | ʔeNt, ... i̇́ⁿta, int | |
78 | tongue (organ) | ʔicak, ... i̇́dshak, i̇́dsak, ... itchuk, ... itsuk | |
79 | fingernail | ||
80 | foot | āʼta, āt, át | |
81 | leg | at látashi, ata | Also, foot. |
82 | knee | ókshoya, ... óksoya | |
83 | hand | i̇́zha | |
84 | wing | ||
85 | belly | i̇́wit, hi̇́wita | |
86 | guts | ||
87 | neck | kʷaht, ... kwáχta(k) | |
88 | back | oktûʼsû, ûsusa, úsus | |
89 | breast | shūʼya | Also, nipple. |
90 | heart | ʔiNc, ... untsayá, ûʼntsaya, untcháya, ... oontza | Also, seed. |
91 | liver | shûʼlgup, ... ehēnha | |
92 | to drink | cf. ha'nkú | I drink. |
93 | to eat | hágwalish | |
94 | to bite | hápnaf | |
95 | to suck | cuu-heluuʔis | |
96 | to spit | cuh-hakiis | |
97 | to vomit | ||
98 | to blow | puuW-hooʔis ... pû̄fhawish | |
99 | to breathe | helekshén | breath. Also, spirit. |
100 | to laugh | nutch'halis | |
101 | to see | cf. e'le'lāt | I do not see, am blind. |
102 | to hear | cf. epledá'l | I hear. |
103 | to know | tadsoχúk | |
104 | to think | cf. á-idav, á-idaf | I think... |
105 | to smell | cf. waktelú | I smell |
106 | to fear | ||
107 | to sleep | hanólis | to sleep, to fall asleep |
108 | to live | cf. ishinánan | They are alive. |
109 | to die | yúätil | |
110 | to kill | taháwis, ... tahanks (sing obj.), wewvthvlles (pl. obj.), ... appawe | |
111 | to fight | tuhitá'hnush | |
112 | to hunt | shúdef | to hunt for. Also, to seek. |
113 | to hit | cf. tadalāho | I hit. |
114 | to cut | tup'hagûʼ | |
115 | to split | dá'l, paaL-halʔis | Lit. "to break off a piece" |
116 | to stab | ||
117 | to scratch | kútnaf | |
118 | to dig | káshtef, ... kas'héwis, kus'hefsis | |
119 | to swim | hepnagi̇́k | |
120 | to fly | pekesnagi̇̂ʼk | |
121 | to walk | cf. taχt-á | I walk |
122 | to come | kataχtáho | |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | cf. tasáhu | I lie, am lying. |
124 | to sit | pentsiá | |
125 | to stand | yukuhakiis, yukúnakik | This is a plural form of lenaki̇̂kʼ. |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | kakonohiskūs | to turn around |
127 | to fall | tchi̇́nagi̇̂k, ... tchihákis | fall down |
128 | to give | cf. yagupshi̇́k | I give you, them. |
129 | to hold | lehelu-i̇́s | to hold out. |
130 | to squeeze | ||
131 | to rub | tugúhalish | |
132 | to wash | tsuáhalish | to wash oneself |
133 | to wipe | kahabāli, kahabali̇́, kaha-állish, ... tukú'halish | the nose with a hanker-chief |
134 | to pull | itakup hagósh | to pull a tooth of another. Contraction of i̇́ⁿta kup'hagósh |
135 | to push | cf. tú'ltef | He pushes him. |
136 | to throw | mi̇̂ʼhalish | to throw with |
137 | to tie | kihélūs | Also, to bind. |
138 | to sew | puf'helūsh | |
139 | to count | kahentchi-is | |
140 | to say | maak-hooʔis, ... mák'hawish | |
141 | to sing | inukulahagi̇̄ʼsh | |
142 | to play | tillelě'hagi̇̂ʼsh | |
143 | to float | pakahákis | |
144 | to flow | ||
145 | to freeze | ||
146 | to swell | cf. ûʼshush púχumkup | having a swelling or gibbosity |
147 | sun | wit kwáχship | Lit. "the day's luminary". |
148 | moon | kwáship, kwa'hshiʼp, ... kwáχsipa | |
149 | star | tukûʼ'l, ... túku'l | stars |
150 | water | kuN, ... kûnha | Abbreviations kûʼⁿg, kûʼn, kûʼⁿ. |
151 | rain | nǎʼsh, naʼsh lalgubi̇̂ʼn | Also, mist. |
152 | river | ʔapal, ... wá'la, kúna, kún, kûʼⁿ, ábala, apál, kûʼn lálgubin e-unelúk. | |
153 | lake | áhvyv | |
154 | sea | wárv | |
155 | salt | wai̇́, wäi̇́, uwai̇́ | |
156 | stone | úfǎ, ûʼf, ófa | Also, rock. |
157 | sand | húka, húgga, ... hókoa | |
158 | dust | ||
159 | earth | ||
160 | cloud | peχkuyá, pé'hkup, pehéku | |
161 | fog | wi̇̂t pûʼp'u, pûʼp'u | Also, haze. |
162 | sky | wita, ... nasookta | |
163 | wind | wifnelúk | |
164 | snow | kuáya, ... koayó-opik | Also, ice, frost. |
165 | ice | kuáya, ... koowatanul | Also, frost, snow. |
166 | smoke | pukaχnakîʼk, pukaχnalúk | |
167 | fire | ʔuwah, ... úwa, u-a, wá'h, ú-a hlúhu | Also, blaze, gunpowder, match. |
168 | ash | wilga, wi̇́'lk (wi̇́lthk) | ashes |
169 | to burn | lee-hakiis, ... neti̇́k | |
170 | road | ūʼya, ... ū | Also, way. |
171 | mountain | pútkup | |
172 | red | págup, pákup, pák̃up, pacup | The sound ç is not native to Natchez. |
173 | green | éwi̇̂l hayápin, kasáχtip | hayap is sometimes used for yellow. kasáχtip sometimes means grey or light blue. |
174 | yellow | hayaʔap, ... po-ó-kup, pó-okup | |
175 | white | kaháp | Also, clean |
176 | black | cokokop, shóχ-okop, tsúχuχup, tsúku-kup | |
177 | night | méyogup, túwa | |
178 | day | wi̇́ta, wit | |
179 | year | emekui̇́dan | Also, summer. |
180 | warm | hami̇́p | Also, mild. |
181 | cold | tsi̇́tak̃up, sitak̃̃up, tsitaɣ | |
182 | full | ||
183 | new | hina'hná | |
184 | old | áshtip, háshtip | |
185 | good | shoχoni̇̄n, shak̃oni̇́n, shoχoni̇́n | |
186 | bad | wádaksh | Also, it is bad, no good. |
187 | rotten | mólok̄up | Distributive form is molok̃molok̃up ... mǔlokup, málokup. |
188 | dirty | tche'-lána | |
189 | straight | labopkúp, ... kapúpkup, ... svpupkup | Also, right, in the abstract sense. |
190 | round | lutúpkup | Also, circular. |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | tchati̇̂χ́kip, ti̇̄χtip, tchatiχkip | |
192 | dull (as a knife) | tchati̇́ki̇́pāt | |
193 | smooth | lákafkup, ... lakúfkup | |
194 | wet | ||
195 | dry | káshtef | to dry |
196 | correct | ||
197 | near | yamatchitchi̇́nu | |
198 | far | wadá-u, watá-u ... wata-ú | far away. Also, far off. |
199 | right | ||
200 | left | ||
201 | at | ||
202 | in | ||
203 | with | ||
204 | and | mákup | |
205 | if | mákup náni | |
206 | because | ||
207 | name | inu i̇́sh |
References
[edit]- ^ Bright, William and David L. Olmsted. 1959. A Shasta Vocabulary. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 20: 1-55.
See also
[edit]