Appendix:Esselen word list
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Esselen word list:
Shaul (2019)
[edit]The following Esselen word list is selected from lemmas in Shaul's (2019) English-Esselen appendix. Grammatical morphemes and function words in Shaul's (2019) list are generally not included.[1]
English gloss | Esselen |
---|---|
abalone | klači |
acorn | palatsa |
alive | tivi |
and | pa |
animal | ka |
ant | tsoi- |
arms | lulu-sax; xušu |
arrow | loto-s; pawi |
aunt | eči-x |
backbone | čawi-sax |
bad | pač |
basket, water-tight | tsila |
basket, winnowing | šaka |
bear (animal) | kóltala |
beard | koṭ, i-s- |
belly/stomach | we- |
bird (generic) | čaphis |
blanket, rabbit skin | ehe-pas; hitita |
blood | xa-na, ma- |
body | mepxel ~ menxel |
boiling | pulpul-ki |
bone | ya, i- |
bow | paxu-nax |
breast | šexo-sax |
brother | i’its |
brother (older) | ei-š |
brother-in-law | wi-s, i- |
canyon | čun, ku- |
chief/lord | tama, pa- |
child | pana ~ -pna |
child (?) | -xwek |
clear | xemel- |
cloud(s) | meč |
coals/fire | a-nax |
cold, be | sutu-ki |
come | iyu |
command/order | tel-pa, te- |
cooking basket | apitmakus |
copulate | čimaša |
cough (n.) | poxwela |
coyote | mačka- |
crab | čawa |
crow | iška |
cry | šawa |
current of water, moving water | čololo- |
cut | xelu-. |
cypress | tsumir |
dance (n.) | lél-ima |
dance, to | mepe |
dark | tu-ma- ~ to-ma- |
dark, black | ala-ki |
daughter | le-ta |
day | na-tu-s, i- |
deer | ami-sax |
devil(ish) | čox-pa, ha- |
die | čunai-~ čupa-; moho |
dizzy | ma |
do | paya |
do, make | iha, he-s- |
dog | hučuma-s |
door | isa-nax |
dove | šilik |
down, go; descend | tupxu |
drink (n.) | luku |
drink, to | eše ~ etse |
drunk | ma; hi, ti- |
dry (not running) | asp-ki |
dying | po-š-ke, te- |
ear(s) | tuksusu; tuxus |
earth | mak-; matsa |
eat | ama; iya, hu‘-; šošoya |
evening | tsu, i- |
expanse (sea, sky) | imi- |
eye(s) | a‘ha ~ ka; ka; pa, hi-k- |
face | awa |
false | taxite |
far | kuwe-no |
farting, be | ekšusoyi |
fasten, tie | kimanu, na- |
father | a‘ats ~ aṭ; awi; aya-m |
father-in-aw | laša‘ú |
feline (?) | katas |
find, to | ta’a |
finger | čuli-s, tu- |
fire | mama-mex, ma- |
fish (cabezon ?) | kini-la |
fish (n.) | koxlkoxl |
fish(n.) | kalu-l |
fish, needle | si‘iriši-pša |
five | mamak-; pemakxala; walanai |
flea | hawi; woxe-hawi |
flour | muxe |
flow | sum |
fly (insect) | mumiru-x |
fog | ša-nax |
foot | kxele |
forget | alenei-pa |
four | amano; kxamakxu-s |
fox | huni-ša |
friend | efe; kxumus-ke |
gamble | suiyuhu |
get up | ákxi-písi |
give | xe ~ xwe-sa, to- ~ tu- |
go | nene ~ neni; iya- |
go! / look! | apsula |
good/well | sale- |
gopher | tana-ni |
grandfather | etxi, m- |
grandmother | i’apa-t |
grass | miča-nax, a- |
grasshopper | poloko-ni |
guard | xawi |
hair (body) | xata-sax |
hair (head) | haka |
hand | tala-nax |
happy | hila-pa |
hat | pamuko |
have (?) | -mint |
hawk | šewke-s-upša |
head | kxata-sax; xisi |
healthy | foila |
heart | tika-s |
heart/soul | maša-nax |
hill | ayo-la |
hip | hiskisi; kxetek |
hit | ma- |
hole | ke; mu-sa, i- |
honor, to | heya, ta- |
house | awa; iwa |
how many? | konumis |
hummingbird | umuni-pša |
hungry | šai-pa, ma- |
hunt, to | k-ama |
intelligent | elpa-pis |
intestines | pxats-ku, a- |
jackrabbit | samás |
join | ače-pa |
joke | teni-n- |
judge | sos- |
jug | ku‘ux |
kill | ma-; pe, hi-k- |
knife | kuma-l |
lacking | ala- |
laugh | ake- |
legs | piyá-s |
light (complexion) | helel-ki |
light (not dark) | xetsa |
linnet, sparrow | sipuča-n |
lizard (cachora) | mexile-n |
lizard (camaleón) | memnen |
load | mi |
love | kolo |
made of | lauya |
man | exe |
mano (pestle) | kuše |
meat | totsi |
mortar | pama |
mosquito | palaka |
mother | atsia; če’e |
mother-in-law | siki-s, i- |
mountain | polomo |
mountain lion | xeke-s |
mouth | katus-nax |
mouth/lips | iše ~ iši |
much | yaya |
mush (of acorns) | tserwin |
mussels, barnacles | halakal |
nails | uloxi |
name (n.) | map |
named, be | lep |
neck | wowe-I |
necklace | amheni |
nice, be | we-pas, o- |
niece | tuts-ú |
nose/nostril | hoši- |
nuisance | ani-x; tse‘e-s |
oak (white) | has |
obey | loi-pa, o- |
observant, watchful | tei-pa |
observe rules | sasipi ~ tsasipi, sipa- |
old | hesi |
old man | lali-hesi |
old woman | uiya-n |
one | pek ~ pehe |
only | sinu |
or | kes |
otter | šušuči-pša |
owl | čai; tukunu-pša |
paint | čem-pa |
pelican | yeyexim |
penis | kawo |
person | xe- |
pine | xái, i- |
pipe | šuknaš |
plains, valley | yo-Iax, i- |
point (of arrowhead, flint) (n.) | ye-s |
porpoise | pašiši‘i |
pot | ša’at |
pregnant | sala- |
purify, cure, revive | mo‘es(a), na- |
put, to | ménaxu |
quail | kumul |
rabbit (cottontail) | čiši |
raccoon | šašla-na |
rat | make-l |
rattlesnake | ipisikša; tsetselka-mati |
raven | kakalu |
reed(s) | kapa-na |
return (come back) | make |
return (previous state) | exwe-pa |
revert | op- |
right (not left) | ašu |
roast, bake | iš-pa |
Rock, the | xwelo |
root (underground) | pimi |
roots, grass (used for basketry) | šeče |
run | šana- |
salamander | mekele-pša |
saliva | makola |
salmon | kelenai; kiliwa; tali-n |
salt | halana |
sardine | tupúr |
say | mi- |
scratching | šowi-n |
seagull | sawara-n |
seal | opapus |
seeds, edible | yampa |
shark | temeč |
shoot | kwi, u- |
sick | maka; toči-s, ma- |
sing (iv.) | mawi |
sister | iči |
sit | koso-n(a/o) |
sixteen | pešiš |
skin (n.) | tse-kxa-š |
sky | ot |
sleep | ati-; po-ko-nisi; tolo |
small | kxu- |
smoke (n.) | čaha |
smoke (tobacco) | šuknaš |
smoking (iv.) | xuma |
snow (n.) | matsexo |
son | šilma |
speak/talk | al-pa |
speaking | kawa |
spotted | suhulul |
spouse (?) | hawi |
squirrel | he’e-x |
squirrel (ground) | mexe |
star | amu ~ amua |
stay, remain | kanai |
steal, rob | xuma |
stone | ila-x; šefe |
stupid | fuexe; alexa-pa |
sun | aši |
surface | sala |
swordfish | anayawa |
take | yu |
tar | šikili |
target | talo-x |
tell | kolxala-; mul-pa, hu- |
ten | tomoila |
ten (for teens) | elenai |
thigh | we-kxe’e |
thing | hekei; lexi-s |
think | loxma |
three | kxulef; xamaxo |
tired | mauwi-pa |
toad | analai |
tobacco | ka’a |
today | ma-ša-pa |
tongue | wele-l |
tooth | a‘u-r ~ awu-r |
tree | lawi-s |
true | man-taxite |
tule | walusi |
tuna, red | koloiča |
two | kxulak ~ ulax |
uncle | tsa-’ú |
unload | kuš-, u- |
up, go; ascend | yaxan |
vagina, womb | sixiha |
virgin | sami-s, i- |
wait! | taxosa |
wake up | nehi |
water | asa- ~ ase- |
whale | čeme-pša |
wildcat | toloma-x |
wolf | humu-x |
woman | uyu-n |
woman, female | ta |
wood | i’i |
yes | ike |
Shaul (1995)
[edit]Shaul (1995) reconstitutes Esselen vocabulary, synthesized from various historical sources, as follows.[2] Forms from Alfred L. Kroeber are marked by (Kr).
gloss | Esselen |
---|---|
adult | -nVč |
all | komVnam |
arrow | lóto-s |
bear | koltála |
bow | paxu-nax |
child/son | pana |
cry | siawa |
dance | mepV, mef- |
dark | tumas (Kr) |
day | asátsa |
die | moho |
dog | šošo |
drink | etse, eše |
ear | tus-usp (Kr) |
earth | maṭa, matsa |
eight | kxulef-walanai |
eyes | -ikxpa |
father | haya |
female | ta- |
five | pemakxa-la |
foot | kxéle |
four | kxamakxu-s |
friend | -efe |
girl | soléta |
give | toxésa |
good/well | sale- |
grandfather | meči |
ground squirrel | mexe |
hair | haka |
head | kxáta-sVx |
large | putú-ki; yakí-s-ki |
man | exe- |
mother | atsia |
mountain | polomo |
mountain lion | xeke-s |
mouth | iši |
nails | uluxV |
night | tomani-s |
nose | xoši |
one | pek |
person | efexe |
pinole | amúxe |
plain | yala-x |
quail | kumul (Kr) |
rabbit (cottontail) | čiši, čis- |
salmon | kilí- |
seal | opopa-pas |
seven | kxula-walanai |
six | pek-walanai |
sky | imi- |
small | ukxu-s-ki |
speak | al-pa |
sun | aši |
teeth | awur |
ten | tomóila |
three | kxulep |
two | kxulax |
water | asa-nax |
where | kéya- |
who | kíni |
wildcat | toloma |
wood | i'i |
yes | íke |