Appendix:Proto-Maidun reconstructions
Proto-Maidun reconstructions:[1]
Ultan (1964)
[edit]| No. | Gloss | Proto-Maidun |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | optative | *-b |
| 2 | salt | *bá |
| 3 | light | *banák̍ |
| 4 | spread | *baˑ-no |
| 5 | diminutive | *-be |
| 6 | myth | *be(ˑ)téj- |
| 7 | claw | *bic̍íˑ |
| 8 | with rock | *bo- |
| 9 | action with rock | *bóh-ʔo |
| 10 | trail | *bóh- |
| 11 | pity | *bomýh |
| 12 | limit | *bón |
| 13 | write | *bóˑ-no |
| 14 | ear | *bonóh |
| 15 | flint | *bosó |
| 16 | break wind | *búh |
| 17 | die (of fire) | *bukúj |
| 18 | tail | *búk̍ |
| 19 | hair | *bu-túj |
| 20 | blow | *býh |
| 21 | leach acorns | *býj |
| 22 | bone | *bým |
| 23 | tree | *c̍áh |
| 24 | different | *c̍áj |
| 25 | tooth | *c̍awáj |
| 26 | while 1 | *-c̍e |
| 27 | breakfast | *c̍edáh |
| 28 | dirty | *c̍ej |
| 29 | rib | *c̍iˑc̍í |
| 30 | clothing | *c̍íh |
| 31 | cover | *-c̍ik |
| 32 | poison oak | *c̍itók̍ |
| 33 | clover | *c̍íw |
| 34 | around | *-c̍o |
| 35 | burn | *c̍óh- |
| 36 | dual (nominal) | *-c̍ok̍ |
| 37 | melt | *c̍uˑ |
| 38 | stick | *c̍úp̍ |
| 39 | scratchl | *c̍ýh |
| 40 | four | *c̍ýˑj |
| 41 | off | *-dah |
| 42 | left (hand) | *dakú |
| 43 | adhere | *dák̍ |
| 44 | borrow | *dám |
| 45 | split open | *(-)das |
| 46 | hitherl | *-daw |
| 47 | interrogative | *-de |
| 48 | locative | *-di |
| 49 | head | *díh |
| 50 | up to | *-dik |
| 51 | bite | *dóh |
| 52 | up | *-doj |
| 53 | tie | *dúˑ |
| 54 | bush | *dýˑhy |
| 55 | just | *-dyk̍ |
| 56 | carry | *ha |
| 57 | soak | *ha |
| 58 | win | *halé |
| 59 | fox | *háw |
| 60 | here | *hedé |
| 61 | alongside | *-héj |
| 62 | chase | *héj |
| 63 | grass game | *héla |
| 64 | coals | *héˑm |
| 65 | something | *hés |
| 66 | yes | *heʔé |
| 67 | smell (intr.) | *híh |
| 68 | dizzy | *hín(-i-)pýj- |
| 69 | float | *hín |
| 70 | eye | *hín |
| 71 | front | *hín |
| 72 | above | *..pín |
| 73 | weave | *hís |
| 74 | all right | *hóˑ |
| 75 | follow | *hój |
| 76 | long ago | *hójja |
| 77 | boil | *hóm |
| 78 | where | *homó |
| 79 | heart | *hón |
| 80 | breathe | *hón |
| 81 | put | *hu- |
| 82 | lungs | *huhú |
| 83 | insert | *-húp |
| 84 | gather | *hýˑ |
| 85 | house 1 | *hý |
| 86 | pray | *hýh-wej |
| 87 | grouse | *hýk̍ |
| 88 | stem formant (verb from verb) | *-j |
| 89 | name (n.) | *jaˑ |
| 90 | make | *jahá |
| 91 | cloud | *já |
| 92 | saliva | *jakán |
| 93 | bridge | *ják̍ |
| 94 | mountain | *jamán |
| 95 | name (v.) | *ja-wíh |
| 96 | wing | *jéˑ |
| 97 | toward | *-jeh |
| 98 | man | *jép̍ |
| 99 | arm | *jím |
| 100 | right | *jím-dyk̍ |
| 101 | with fist | *jo- |
| 102 | plural (distributive) | *-jo ~ *jo- |
| 103 | dive | *jóˑ |
| 104 | flower | *jóh |
| 105 | pound | *jók̍ |
| 106 | doctor (shaman) | *jóm |
| 107 | rub on | *júh |
| 108 | log | *káj |
| 109 | sibling's child | *kám |
| 110 | end | *kán |
| 111 | then | *kán |
| 112 | aunt | *kát |
| 113 | down 1 | *-kit |
| 114 | back | *kíw |
| 115 | snow | *kóˑ |
| 116 | hail | *kóˑ(-m-)c̍ylý- |
| 117 | east | *komów |
| 118 | girl | *konó(j) |
| 119 | break 1 | *-kót- |
| 120 | gray | *kó(-)w |
| 121 | agentive | *-ky |
| 122 | woman | *kylé |
| 123 | liver | *kýl(-)la |
| 124 | action with hand 1 | *k̍a(ˑ)- |
| 125 | evening | *k̍áj |
| 126 | worm | *k̍aj(-) |
| 127 | spirit | *k̍ákkin |
| 128 | dry | *..-k̍ál- |
| 129 | dough (acorn) 1 | *k̍amák̍ |
| 130 | comitative | *-k̍an |
| 131 | ripe | *k̍áp̍ |
| 132 | ground | *k̍áw |
| 133 | brother-in-law | *k̍edé |
| 134 | hole | *-k̍el- |
| 135 | cautious | *(-)k̍et- |
| 136 | choke | *k̍o |
| 137 | away | *-k̍oj |
| 138 | seed | *k̍óm |
| 139 | face | *k̍ót |
| 140 | armpit | *k̍owó |
| 141 | dry up | *k̍u |
| 142 | neck | *k̍új |
| 143 | string | *k̍úk̍ |
| 144 | orphan | *k̍úˑlu |
| 145 | roundhouse | *k̍úm |
| 146 | animal | *k̍útʼ |
| 147 | ridge | *k̍ýs |
| 148 | red | *lák̍ |
| 149 | long | *lám |
| 150 | leak | *látʼ |
| 151 | lame | *lo- |
| 152 | many | *lók̍ |
| 153 | leg | *lúˑ- |
| 154 | redbud | *lýl |
| 155 | attributive 1 | *-m |
| 156 | that which | *-ma |
| 157 | hand | *máh |
| 158 | salmon | *maj-(hi) |
| 159 | person | *máj-dyk |
| 160 | try | *mák |
| 161 | cedar | *mán |
| 162 | sibling-in-law | *más |
| 163 | five | *máˑwyk̍ |
| 164 | do | *ma-ʔá |
| 165 | take | *méh |
| 166 | give | *méˑ-j |
| 167 | season (time) | *mén |
| 168 | springtime | *joˑmen |
| 169 | negative | *-men |
| 169a | nominalizer | *-mi |
| 170 | you | *mín |
| 171 | breast | *mín |
| 172 | into | *-mit |
| 173 | drink | *moˑhó |
| 174 | slip | *mól- |
| 175 | that one | *mý |
| 176 | shoot | *mýh |
| 177 | same | *my-kán |
| 178 | down 2 | *-n |
| 179 | ablative | *-nan |
| 180 | allative | *-nak |
| 181 | mother | *né |
| 182 | dream | *nedíh |
| 183 | move | *nén |
| 184 | old 1 | *nehé |
| 185 | instrumental | *-ni |
| 186 | me | *ník |
| 187 | along | *-no |
| 188 | aimlessly around | *-no-jeh |
| 189 | arrow | *nók̍ |
| 190 | second person singular | *-nHʔH |
| 191 | imperative (sing.) | *-p |
| 192 | grand-father 1 | *..pa(ˑ) |
| 193 | against | *-paj |
| 194 | sinew | *pákaj |
| 195 | pond | *pakán |
| 196 | egg | *pákpak̍ |
| 197 | tobacco | *pán |
| 198 | bow | *pándak̍ |
| 199 | eat | *pe |
| 200 | attributive 2 | *-pe |
| 201 | grandchild | *péj |
| 202 | two | *péˑn |
| 203 | child-in-law | *petíˑ |
| 204 | swim | *pi- |
| 205 | hear | *pín |
| 206 | hither 2 | *-pin |
| 207 | lunch | *pinéh |
| 208 | lizard | *pít-c̍ak̍ |
| 209 | root | *píw |
| 210 | skin | *po- |
| 211 | daughter | *póˑ |
| 212 | night | *póˑho |
| 213 | luminary | *pók̍ |
| 214 | buckeye | *poló |
| 215 | blast | *póp̍ |
| 216 | cousin | *pós |
| 217 | swell | *púˑ |
| 218 | peel | *pú- |
| 219 | ant | *pyc̍ýˑ |
| 220 | spherical | *pylý |
| 221 | sore | *pýn |
| 222 | bounce (intr.) | *pýp |
| 223 | vagina | *pýs |
| 224 | hortatory optative | *-pHʔH |
| 225 | open | *p̍é- |
| 226 | hot | *p̍i- |
| 227 | stiff | *p̍i-k̍a.. |
| 228 | straight | *-p̍it- |
| 229 | knee | *p̍ok̍ós |
| 230 | hay | *p̍op̍óˑ ~ *p̍oˑp̍ó |
| 231 | knot | *p̍ún |
| 232 | fire | *sá |
| 233 | dual (pronominal) | *-saˑ |
| 234 | great-aunt | *sák̍ |
| 235 | penetrate | *-sap- |
| 236 | three | *sáp̍yj |
| 237 | break 2 | *-sas- |
| 238 | tinder | *saˑ-wó- |
| 239 | plural (pronominal) | *-se |
| 240 | blood | *sedéj |
| 241 | river | *séw |
| 242 | action with hand 2 | *si- |
| 243 | mouth | *sím |
| 244 | out of | *-sip |
| 245 | carry on shoulder | *sóh |
| 246 | dough 2 | *sojó |
| 247 | sing | *sól |
| 248 | blister | *..sól |
| 249 | shoe | *soló |
| 250 | smoke (fire) | *súk̍ |
| 251 | sugarpine | *sumúˑ |
| 252 | action with finger | *sy- |
| 253 | store | *sykýn |
| 254 | dig | *sýk̍ |
| 255 | scratch 2 | *syk̍ýj |
| 256 | fore-head | *sýn |
| 257 | miss | *-taj- |
| 258 | squeeze | *táp̍ |
| 259 | west | *ta(ˑ)waj- |
| 260 | but | *-te |
| 261 | child | *téh |
| 262 | causative | *-ti |
| 263 | adverbial | *-ti |
| 264 | ignite | *toˑhó |
| 265 | distributive | *-to |
| 266 | grandmother | *..tóˑ |
| 267 | digger pine | *towán |
| 268 | reciprocal | *-toto |
| 269 | sleep | *túj |
| 270 | younger brother | *týn |
| 271 | on | *-tʼa |
| 272 | flat | *tʼátʼa |
| 273 | sharp | *tʼók̍ |
| 274 | with flat instrument | *wa- |
| 275 | mushroom | *wá- |
| 276 | recover | *wadáh |
| 277 | tuber | *wáj |
| 278 | flesh | *wák̍ |
| 279 | while 2 | *-we |
| 280 | continuative | *-we-bís |
| 281 | spring feast | *wéˑda |
| 282 | vomit | *wéh |
| 283 | speak | *wéj |
| 284 | (to) fan | *wél-lep̍ |
| 285 | bare | *wé(-)m- |
| 286 | medicine | *wené |
| 287 | with hand | *wi- |
| 288 | with stick | *wo- |
| 289 | action with stick | *wóh- |
| 290 | cry 1 | *wo(ˑ)- ~ *woh- |
| 291 | send | *wojóh |
| 292 | beads | *..wok̍ |
| 293 | white man | *wóˑle |
| 294 | buck-skin | *wolós |
| 295 | die | *wóˑno |
| 296 | howl | *woʔó(ˑ) (?) |
| 297 | one | *wýk̍ |
| 298 | day | *ʔék |
| 299 | frighten | *ʔép-ti (?) |
| 300 | yellowjacket | *ʔeˑpén |
| 301 | middle | *ʔés- |
| 302 | strong | *ʔet.. |
| 303 | scrape | *ʔiˑ |
| 304 | with butt | *ʔín- |
| 305 | with head | *ʔo- ~ *ʔós- |
| 306 | rock | *ʔóh |
| 307 | hungry | *ʔók̍ |
| 308 | coyote | *ʔoléˑ(l) |
| 309 | head | *ʔo-nó |
| 310 | gray hair | *ʔós-ko-n |
| 311 | arise | *ʔotój |
| 312 | house 2 | *ʔú-j |
| 313 | first position slot filler | *ʔy- |
| 314 | dazed (with supernatural connotations) | *ʔýs- |
References
[edit]- ^ Ultan, Russell. (1964). "Proto-Maiduan phonology," International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 30, pp. 355-370.