Appendix:Klamath word list

Klamath morpheme list from Barker (1963), as digitized by Philip Spaelti of Kobe Shoin Women's University at his Klamath Dictionary website:

Important note—Entries in this list are morphemes according to Barker's linguistic analysis of the Klamath language, and are rendered in Barker's morphophonemic notation. They are not proper Klamath words. Some morphemes can appear in isolation as stand-alone words, but may not appear in the same form.

(Check the transcription with the original scan of the English-Klamath list in Barker 1963.)

Barker (1963)

English gloss	Klamath	notes
abandon	deˑWi	Sv; Also g̣lewy Sv
about to	nʼapg	sv
above (on top)	plen	S-l
above (over)	oyg̣i	sv
above (up high)	blay	Sl
abrade (scuff)	klaˑ	S-v
absent (lacking), be	qʼeˑgi	Sv
absent (still), be	qap	S-v
achieve	se̲g̣isLa̲a	See g̣is
acorn	qli	S-n
acquaintance	se̲qoyg̣dk	See qoyg̣
across	akʼw	sv
across a mountain	etʼleˑg̣i	sv
[action onto repeatedly]	nʼ	sv
[action upon pl.]	oywi̲ʼ	sv
Adam’s apple	sqʼayʼe	Sn
adding one quantity of a substance to another	amʼaˑwʼ	sv
[adjective formant]	lʼi	sv sa
[adjective formant]	ni	sd sa sl
[adjective formant:] in a state of having been … ed	dk	sv
admire (appreciate)	yaˑmi̲ʼ	Sv
admire (wish to have)	čaˑn	S-v
adultery (lie with someone’s spouse), commit	sqʼollʼg̣oˑta	See sqʼol
adultery (steal away someone’s spouse), commit	se̲pʼalla	See pʼall
advice	sdolys	See sdoly
advise	sdoly	Sv
advise (suggest remedies)	sʔawʼaˑY	Sv
adze	yebn̲oˑts	See yebn̲
after awhile	ʔonʼčeˑ	Srt
afterwards	dankskniˑ	See dank
again	beˑn	Srt
against (at, on)	otn̲	sv
against (diagonally)	abaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
against (the shore, wall)	abaˑtn̲	sv
against a hillside	alamn	sv
Agency	ʔiˑǰan	S-n
Agent	ʔiˑǰant	Sn
ahead of	ayʼaˑY	sv
aim at a target	layyi̲ʼ	Sv
air, do an action repeatedly in the	eˑqʼ	sv
alder (sp.)	wibl	Sn
alike	se̲hongpči	See hoˑd
alkali	LaLaˑk	Sn
all	naˑnok	Sa
all around	na	sl
all around (carrying aimlessly)	oyamn	sv
all around (here and there)	okang	sv
all day	wayta	See wayt
all night	niˑsda	Srt
all together	naˑnok̓antga	See naˑnok
allow (let someone go, do)	ʔinoˑ	S-v
allow (permit)	weˑwlʼ	Sv
almost	wikʼaˑ delčnʼbga	See dᵉl and wikʼaˑ
almost (action not begun)	a̲ksg	sv
almost (action begun but not completed)	Wiˑ	sv
alone	Naˑčyak	See Naˑs
along (action while moving)	čnʼ	sv
along a twisting edge (cliff, riverbank)	oYn̲	sv
along the back	eWa̲	sv
along the bank	alYn̲	sv; Also aliˑg sv
along the edge	elwy	sv; Also oliˑn sv
along the top	eLWn̲	sv
alongside	atln̲	sv; Also aLn̲ sv; Also oYn̲ sv
also (too)	čʼis	Sre
also (too, as well)	manʼiˑ	Sre
always	čʼosak	Srt
amazed, be	sǰim	S-v
ambush, to	gantn̲a	See gan
amniotic sack	skodas	See skod
among	awʼiˑn	sv
anal hair	g̣eyeˑni̲ʼs	See g̣e
anchor	se̲ntʼačʼwoˑts	See tʼačʼ
and (so, then)	čoy	Srp
angel	ʔinǰil	Sn
anger (meanness)	qiLoˑ	S-n
angry, be	sʔawiˑg	Sv
angry (want trouble with someone), be	siǰaq	S-v
ankle	nᵉawʼaˑlʼs	See nᵉ
annoy	sne̲tmaˑkʼa	See tmaˑkʼ
annoyed, be	ǰekʼ	Sv
annoyed (disgusted) with, be	qʼoˑy̓	Sv
another	Naˑs	Sa
answer	walg̣	Sv
ant	qʼiMaˑč	Sn
antelope	čew	Sn
antler	tog̣i	Sn
anus	qʼiw	Sn
anus (orifice)	kʼiliˑt	Sn
anxious, be	wičʼ	S-v
any (even)	gin	Sre
any place, way	hinaˑ	S-l
apart	weliˑ	S-l
apparition	r̲e̲he̲ssleʔys	See sleʔ
apple(s)	ʔeˑpal	S-n
appreciate	yaˑmi̲ʼ	Sv
arch the back	čʼinyg̣i	See čʼin
argue	dalʼ	Sv
arm	weq	Sn
armload, act upon a	lotoˑ	S-v
armor (elkhide shirt)	qaqnʼoˑlʼ	S-n
armor vest (slat armor)	deˑLq	Sn
armpit	Yog̣	-S-n
armpit hair	r̲e̲g̣er̲diˑls	See g̣e
around (carrying an obj. aimlessly)	oyamn	sv
around (here and there)	okang	sv
around (in a general area)	na	sl
around (revolving)	akʼiˑčʼ	sv
around a central obj.	akyamn	sv
around the edge, circumference	akʼiˑmi̲ʼ	sv
arrange (put in order)	wlelg̣	Sv
arriving	adbn̲	sv
arrow	dalčʼi	Sn
arrow (for waterfowl)	nteqt	S-n
arrow (shaman’s instrument)	heneˑs	S-n
arrow (war)	kʼeys	See nkʼeysʔań̲
arrowpoint	sawl	S-n
arrow-straightener	tg̣oylkʼys	See tg̣oy
as (so, then)	či	Srp
as (just as)	waqt	See waq
as big as	betbanʼi	Sra
as far as	dadaˑdi	See dadaˑ; Also kʼadaˑdi; See kʼadaˑ
as they say (reported action)	mat	Srp
ash (flying bits of ash from a hot fire)	Lapkʼeˑk	S-n
ashamed, be	ndečgi	Sv
ashes (coals, charcoal)	lkʼom	Sn
ashes (hearth)	sneylʼg̣s	See sney
ask a question	woln̲	Sv
ask for (beg)	sʔamna	S-v
ask for (request)	sag̣oˑdg	Sv
ask someone to do	saˑdlʼ	Sv
ask someone to go	saMoˑ	S-v
attached to (at, on)	otn̲	sv
attack	gᵛolgi	See gᵛ
attack (pounce on)	delwg	Sv
attention, pay	g̣eqč	Sv
audible, be plainly	čiNttʼ	Sv
audible, be barely	qyos	Sv
[augmentative]	ʔmʼč	sn sa
aunt (father’s brother’s wife)	loloˑs	-S-n
aunt (father’s sister)	g̣oǰ	-S-n
aunt (mother’s brother’s wife)	ʔomg̣	-S-n
aunt (mother’s sister)	saˑqʼ	-S-n; Also kʼis -S-n
automobile	lᵛor̲yamnoˑts	See lᵛ; Also ʔawtomoˑbiˑl S-n
avoiding	ayaˑdg	sv
awake, be	delčnʼbga	See dᵉl
awake, be fully	čibqʼoˑla	See či
away (action away from for a purpose)	ča̲	sv
away from	oWasg	sv
away from (off)	osg	sv
away from against	altb	sv
awfully (very, extremely)	qʼa	Srm
awl	saqda	Sn
axe	sleg̣oˑts	See sleg̣
baby	mʼog	S-n
baby birds	čiˑlʼilʼig	S-n
baby louse	kʼapnʼa	Sn
baby-sit	weʼr̲dga	See weʼ
back (again, returning)	ebli	sv
back (body part)	qeˑmt	Sn
back (view of a person)	swᵉalamns	See swᵉ
back, act on the	kekʼ	-Sv
back, act with the	čʼin	S-v (cl.)
back, along the	eWa̲	sv
back, on the	adgl	sv
back, on the	alamn	sv
back and forth	pbeˑli̲ʼ	sv
back of the knee	ʔiww	S-n
back up	čʼayal	S-v
backbite	r̲e̲se̲g̣wᵛobga	See g̣wᵛ
backbone	ʔᵛeLWn̲ys	See ʔᵛ
back-scratcher	se̲daqčoˑts	See daqč
bad	qʼoyčʼi	See qʼoy
badger	kol	S-n
badly	qʼoy	Sra
bag	tʼaˑyʼ	S-n; See ‘sack’ also.
bail of a bucket	čʼiskʼws	See či
bait a hook	ksᵛotn̲a	See ksᵛ
bake in a pit	bog̣	Sv
bake in a tray or pan	sʔoˑdiˑla	See sʔoˑ
bake in ashes	kčinʼ	Sv
bald	stʼaqʼčwoˑldk	Also stʼaqʼwloˑldk; See tʼaqʼ
ball	boˑl	Sn
ball-court	se̲qʼawehkʼys	See qʼaw̓
bank (financial)	beˑnk	Sn
bank (where the water has receded and left a cracked dry place along the edge of a stream)	slʼoyč	Sn
bank, along the	alYn̲	sv
bank, on the	aliˑg	sv
bank a fire	sdoydiˑla	See sdoy
baptize	qliwwl	See qliw
barber	r̲r̲e̲qdᵛyʼoˑqʼys	See yʼoqʼ
barbershop	r̲e̲se̲qdᵛyʼoˑqʼkʼys	See yʼoqʼ
bare, be	tʼaqʼ	S-v
barefoot	bayaˑsyak	Sra
barely	čeˑt hak	See čeˑ
bark (inner)	nčʼed	S-n
bark (inner)	stabl̓sʔm	See stabl̓
bark (outer)	qnewčʼi	Sn
bark, gather	stabl̓	Sv
bark, to	pag	Sv
barrel	tʼomoˑl	S-n
bashful (ashamed), be	ndečgi	Sv
bashful (shy), be	salkyʼ	Sv
basket	maksa	Sn
basket (burden)	yʼagi	Sn
basket (for wokas-gathering)	spidgs	See spi
basket (sifting)	slačʼqn̲oˑts	See slačʼ
basket (storage)	čaklʼa	Sn
basket (type)	saˑlm tʼaˑyʼs	See tʼaˑyʼ
basket (water-storage)	qalla	Sn
basket base (the first ring of white cattails on which the basket is built up)	se̲ʼlᵛočʼpʼs	See očʼiˑpʼ
basket hat	qma	Sn S-n
basket hopper	tʼlog̣	S-n
basket sifter	tya	Sn
basket tray (for wokas-sifting and parching)	pʼaLa	Sn
basket-like obj., act upon	sqa	S-v (cl.).
basketry designs: the following names of basketry design elements were recorded.Arrow-Pointed-on	sawlsa̲ltn̲dk	See sawl
Crow’s-Kneed-on	gaˑg̣m sqʼolʼanč̓a̲ltn̲dk	See qʼolʼinč
Footed-on	peč̓a̲ltn̲dk	See peč
Lightning-Struck-on	wlepʼl̓tn̲dk	See wlepʼl̓
Pit-Rivered-on	moˑwa̲twaˑsa̲ltn̲dk	See moˑwa̲
Trout-Guts-on	smʼolingsa̲ltn̲dk	See smʼoling
Wall-Framed-on	sg̣ačoˑsa̲ltn̲dk	See sg̣ačoˑ
bat	nayL	-S-n
batchelor	qoqding	S-n
bathe	peˑw	Sv
bay-colored, be	beqʼ	S-v
be	gi	Sv
be able	a̲t	sv
be an article of wearing apparel (?)	eˑʼ	sv
be what the preceding adverb says	eˑwi̲ʼ	sv
bead	yamn	S-n
bead (blue glass)	čagpča	See čag
bead (bone)	qaqʼoˑ	Sn
bead (type)	yahiˑ	Sn
bear (black bear)	witʼeˑm	Sn
bear (cinnamon)	nʼaˑqʼa	Sn
bear (grizzly)	loq	Sn
beard	smʼoˑg̣	Sn
beard (of a young boy)	r̲e̲mʼaˑks	See mʼaˑk
beat	dᵛ	-S-v (cl.).
beat (in a fight)	sqʼom̓	Sv
beat (win)	win	S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli
beat (with a fist, foot)	kt	S-v (cl.).
beat (with a long instrument)	w	S-v (cl.).
beat hard (pitter-patter)	kʼaw̓	Sv
beat hard (throb)	diqʼ	Sv
beat on (as a drum)	wotn̲nʼa	See w
beaver	pom	Sn
because of	wk	sv
become (be)	gi	Sv
become (change)	g̣leg	Sv
become (turn)	dgi	sv
bed	sqʼolbgkʼys	See sqʼol; Also bet Sn
bedding	se̲ʼwals	See wal
bee	mom	-S-n
been ([past stative])	odg	sv
beetle (potato beetle)	weˑteˑnkniˑ	See weˑteˑn
beetle (sp.)	tgolʼoˑt	S-n
beetle (sp.)	r̲é̲ˑr̲qaˑs	See qas
before	loby	Sl Sr
beg	sʔamna	S-v
behind	alamn	sv
behind	tabyʼtant	See tabyʼ
belch	qʼobL̓	Sv
belch (gasp)	mpakʼ	Sv Or mpʼaqʼaˑ S-v
belch (have gas on the stomach)	kʼoskʼ	Sv
believe	loˑL	Sv
belittle	sg̣aˑm	Sv
bell	din	-Sn
below (down below)	yanaˑ	Sl
below (underneath)	monaˑ	Sl
belt (of hide)	peqʼ	Sv
belt, wear	qʼayLyʼ	Sv
bend	čoq	-Sv
bend	qʼočʼ	+Sv
bend (a limber obj.)	lʼew	-Sv
bend (a slender obj.)	silʼ	-Sv
bend (fold)	qʼalʼ	-Sv
bend (into a hoop)	čʼis	S-v
bend (wad up, tangle)	qʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
[benefactive]	iˑ	sv
berdache	twiniˑq	S-v
berry: for various spp. see under “plant.” Berries having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.beside	aqyeˑtn̲	sv
beside (on one side)	Nay	S-l
besides (separate)	weliˑ	S-l
between	atʼamsg̣	sv
between the legs	pʼoˑkʼ	-Sv
big	moˑ	Srm
bile	bi	S-n
bird	čʼikʼ	S-n Species having common English names will be found under those headings.
bird (sp.)	gawi	Sn
bird (sp.)	ǰiWeˑʼ	-S-n
bird (sp.)	qawdoˑgiˑ	S-n
birth, give	nqaqgi	Sv; Also mʼog̓aˑkʼ̓a̲la; See mʼog And weˑʼs̓a̲la; See weˑʼ
bit (unit of money)	bit	Sn
bitch	nčʼilo	Sn
bite, to	g̣wᵛ	S-v (cl.).
bite fleas	čʼaˑqʼ	-Sv
biting	og̣y	sv
bitter, be	mpʼoqamn	Sv
black, be	bos	S-v
blackberry	r̲e̲tonksʔm	See ton
blackbird	čʼog̣	S-n
blackbird (Brewer’s blackbird)	čʼeg̣	S-n
blackbird (yellow-headed blackbird)	kaklaˑwʼ	-S-n
bladder (of a fish)	tʼog̣	S-n
blanket (rabbitskin)	qʼalyʼa	Sn
blanket, wear	skod	Sv
blaze (on a horse’s forehead)	se̲nᵉaliˑgdk	See nᵉ
blaze up	hebl	-Sv
bleach, to	sne̲čoˑqʼdgi	See čoqʼ
bleed	ǰeg̣lea̲la	See ǰeg̣le
blind	pat	+Sv sv
blink	swʼeqapč	S-v
blink	pʼetqʼ	Sv
blink (wink, squint)	qʼnačʼiˑqʼ	Sv
blister	čʼitn̲a	See čʼi
blister, to	čʼew̓	Sv
blizzard, to	wič	S-v (cl.).
blood	ǰeg̣le	Sn
bloom, to	slʼab	Sv
blow (a puff of breath)	swokʼ	S-v
blow (breath)	pniw	S-v
blow (breeze)	wloˑ	S-v
blow (from the north)	yaˑma̲	Sv
blow (from the south)	moˑwa̲	Sv
blow (from the south-east)	yeˑwa̲	Sv
blow (snow, storm, blizzard)	wič	S-v (cl.).
blow (the nose)	sniˑg̣̓	Sv
blow (wind)	wi	S-v (cl.).
blue, be	mʼečʼ	S-v
bluejay	tsg̣ew	-S-n
blunt, be	čʼoyi̲ʼ	+Sv
blunt on top, be	tʼoM̓	Sv
blush	taˑkdgir̲bqʼa	See tak
board (piece of lumber)	papg̣	S-n
body	čʼoleˑk	S-n
body, act with the	wʼin	S-v
body hair	r̲e̲mʼaˑks	See mʼaˑk
bogeyman	qoˑʼs	See qoˑʼ
boil (skin eruption)	lᵛotqʼags	See lᵛ
boil, to	dopʼ	Sv
boil by heated stones	tal	S-v
bone	qaqʼoˑ	Sn
bone game	sakl̓s	See sakl̓
book	bok	Sn
bootlegger	r̲e̲hod̲wys	See hod̲
bore a hole	twᵛ	S-v (cl.).
both	laˑb̓okʼ	See laˑb
both sides, ends	biblan	S-l
bother, to	sne̲tmaˑkʼa	See tmaˑkʼ
bothered, be	ǰekʼ	Sv
bottle	baˑdal	Sn
bottom of a basket	čʼoy	Sn
bottom of a basket (a bunch of strands tied in the middle from which the sides of the basket are built up)	sčilʼg̣s	See sči
bow	ntey	S-n
bow (of a canoe)	biˑʼ	S-n
bow the head in shame	sqʼenaneˑ	S-v
bowstring	naLi	S-n
box	baˑg	S-n
box, to	se̲ktobga	See kt
box canyon	ginYatbys	See gin
boxer (fighter)	r̲e̲se̲ktobgys	See kt
boy	čʼaˑg̣i	Sn
boy (late teenage)	čʼilwi	S-n
boy (teenage)	tsimʼang	Sv
brace and bit	twᵛačʼiˑkʼoˑts	See twᵛ
bracelet, wear	pipiˑkʼ	Sv
brag	se̲lodadga	See lodadg; Also he̲sčaˑndgi; See čaˑn
braggart (show-off)	qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ	S-n
braid (a single braid), to	qbaqʼ	Sv
braid (pl. braids), to	weqtʼ	Sv
brain(s)	tʼapsniˑq	Sn
brake	sʔiwllʼg̣oˑts	See sʔiwl
branch	weq	Sn
branch off	se̲tondg̣a	See ton
brant (China brant)	lʼak	-Sn
brant (sp.)	laˑLq	Sn
brant (white brant)	waywʼ	S-n
bread	baˑlʼaˑʼ	S-n
bread (of cattail root flour)	slʼeps	S-n
break a brittle obj.	pʼakʼ	+Sv
break a brittle or flimsy obj.	čewi̲ʼ	-Sv
break a surface	tewi̲ʼ	+Sv
break a tooth	kʼatʼ	+Sv
break in two (fracture)	qewi̲ʼ	+Sv
break in two (sg.)	gattʼ	+Sv
break in two (pl.)	golčʼ	-Sv
break off relations with	weddoˑwi	Sv
break the neck	kʼačʼ	-Sv
breakfast, to	sniyeˑga	See sni
breastbone (bird’s)	sʔoqoˑp	Sn
breastbone (human)	sg̣očʼ	S-n
breath	hoqn̲ys	See hoqn̲
breathe	hoqn̲	Sv
breathless, be	wʼičʼ	Sv
bride (newly married girl)	sqabg	S-n
bride payment	wg̣oˑwys	See wg̣oˑ
bridge	slan̲kʼws	See slan̲
bright-colored, be	Wallwi	Sv
bring a gift	se̲ʔidang̣a	See ʔi
bringing	ebg	sv
bringing and arriving	adbn̲	sv
bristle, to	skač	S-v
brittle, be	lʼemʼ	Sv
broil (fish, flat obj.)	nᵉalʼaˑlʼa	See nᵉ
broil (piece of meat)	čʼlᵉalʼaˑlʼa	See čʼlᵉ
bronco	tg̣aˑwʼ	S-n
broom	wčʼloˑsqn̲oˑts	See čʼlos
brother (man or woman’s younger brother)	tabyʼa̲b	See tabyʼ
brother (man’s elder brother)	tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b	See tg̣eˑw
brother (woman’s elder brother)	ʔaˑn	-S-n; Also kʼoˑn -S-n
brother-in-law (man’s)	čog	-S-n; Also čʼig̣ -S-n
brother-in-law (woman’s)	molg̣	S-n
brown, be	kaW	S-v; Also čʼis S-v; Also qʼaW S-v (?).
bruise heavily	mʼoˑqʼ	Sv
bruise lightly	mʼeˑqʼ	Sv
brush (hair)	pčikʼ	S-v
brush (pl. objs.)	Leˑ	-Sv
brush (sg. or a few objs.)	Loˑ	-Sv
bubble, to	qʼmolmʼolʼ	Sv
bubble up	sčʼolʼ	Sv
buck (horse)	stelʼal	S-v
bucket	poqʼoˑ	Sn
buckskin (cured)	mbaw	S-n
buckskin (uncured)	qla	S-n
bud (wokas), to	qʼambolwʼ	Sv
buffalo	yohoˑ	Sn
build a house	lačʼ	Sv
bull	lidol	Sn
bullet	kʼeys	See nkʼeysʔań̲
bullets (shot)	baLaˑ	S-n
bullhead	kʼoččʼa	Sn
bull-roarer	sqiˑwʼ	S-n
bump against	hod̲tn̲lʼg̣a	See hod̲
bump with the buttocks	čoqtn̲lʼg̣a	See čʼoq
bunch, act upon a	sči	S-v (cl.).
burn, to	nᵛ	S-v (cl.).
burn the tongue	tʼekʼ	Sv
burrow	waˑs	See waˑ
burst	bawi̲ʼ	+Sv
bury	pʼnan̲	Sv; Also womiˑ Sv
bury (a corpse)	ʔilʼg̣a	See elʼg̣
bush: for various spp. see under “plant.” Bushes having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.bushes, in the	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
bushy, be	nǰel	S-v; Also čik S-v
but (however)	dak	Srp
butterfly (large sp.)	weq	-Sn
butterfly (small sp.)	yᵛr̲é̲r̲baleˑʼs	See yᵛ
buttocks	čʼey	Sn
buttocks, act with the	čʼoq	S-v (cl.).
buttocks, have the … in a position	hoq	S-v
buttocks, on the	akʼy	sv
button (gold army uniform button)	r̲r̲e̲spiyeˑgs	See spi
button, to	lᵛtʼepkʼwa	See tʼepʼ
buy	sgeʔ	Sv
by the fire	elwy	sv; Also alʼaˑlʼ sv
Ccache, to	wog̣	Sv
calf	keˑp	S-n
calf (of the leg)	čʼolʔs	See čʼolʔ
California quail	r̲r̲e̲sdᵛawlig̣s	See dᵛ
call (ask someone to do)	satma̲	Sv
call (ask someone to go)	saMoˑ	S-v
call (name)	ʔelg̣	Sv
call (shout)	nqen	Sv (cl.).
calm, be	g̣em	S-v
calm (quiet), be	tʼaˑm	S-v
calve	keˑp̓aˑkʼ̓a̲la	See keˑp
camas (death camas)	sgaw	Sn
camas (edible)	bog̣s	See bog̣
camp (pack a load on the back), to	me	S-v
camp, to	mak	S-v; Also sney S-v
candy	r̲é̲r̲Loy̓s	See Loy̓
cane	heksg̣	S-n; Also yaksa Sn
cane (in a myth)	ʔiˑme	Sn
canoe	wonǰ	Sn
canoe, act upon a	sg̣ᵛ	S-v (cl.).
canoe paddle	qčʼik	Sn
canoe pole (steering paddle)	lqʼaq	Sn
canteen	ʔambo čʼir̲yamnoˑts	See čʼi
card game	ǰiˑǰiway	Sn
cards (playing)	ligal	Sn
care for (have regard for)	heˑwʼ	Sv
care for (take care of)	beˑLi̲ʼ	+Sv
carrot	baˑw	S-n
carry in the mouth	qbᵛ	S-v (cl.).; Also qbi S-v (cl.).
carry on a litter	liwaˑ	S-v
carry someone on the shoulders	sčʼikʼwal	S-v
carrying around	oyamn	sv
carry-strap (for a pack basket)	stinLa̲s	See stin
castrate	qdᵛolčʼa	See qdᵛ
cat	pʼoˑs	S-n; Also pʼisʔ -S-n
cataract in the eye, have	boqL	Sv
catch (a thrown obj.)	qʼawʼ	Sv
catch (hold, grasp, seize)	snʼog̣	Sv
caterpillar	wdoˑtg	S-n
cat’s cradle, play	sag̣apǰol	S-v
cat’s cradle figures: the following are the names of some of the common cat’s cradle figures.Coyote	wʼas	See wʼa
Ghost’s-Cane	skoˑgsʔm heksg̣ys	See skoˑg and heksg̣
Little-Coyotes	r̲e̲wʼakʼa	See wʼa
Magpie	r̲é̲r̲wʼig̣s	See wʼig̣
Sky	g̣aloˑ	See g̣aloˑ
Squeezing-the-Anus	qʼiw qʼa čʼapʼs	See qʼiw
Sun-Rises	sʔabas dinyg̣i	See sʔab and din
Taking-the-Cradleboard-from-Each-Other	swʼenč se̲ʔᵛodg̣eˑʼs	See swʼenč and ʔᵛ
Wolf	g̣ewčys	See g̣ewč
Wood-Worker	ʔanko r̲r̲e̲sʔodtʼys	See ʔanko and sʔ
	sg̣ag̣als čʼopʼs	[Unknown meaning.]
cattail	pop	S-n
cattail burr	wʼiˑWi	Sn
cattail flour bread	slʼeps	S-n
cattail root	qdog	S-n
caulk	skʼačʼ	Sv; Also sničiˑkʼ Sv
[causative]	he̲s	pv; Also sne̲ pv
cave	g̣ome	Sn
cedar (sp.)	wolwan	S-n
celebrate	yeq	Sv
celery (wild celery)	bočʼo	Sn
center	datg̣lam	Sl
center pole (of a winter house)	sdᵛodiˑls	See dᵛ
chafe	wen̲	Sv
chair	čᵛawloˑts	See čᵛ
chalk	lobg̣	S-n
change	g̣leg	Sv
change (boy’s voice at puberty)	wag̣nʼ	Sv
char, to	boˑsi̲	-Sv
charcoal	lkʼom	Sn
chase, to	soˑ	S-v
chatter (teeth)	kʼatʼ	+Sv
cheat	sditg̣	Sv
cheek	patʼoˑ	Sn
chest (body part)	wso	Sn
chew	g̣wᵛokanga	See g̣wᵛ
chewing up	ačʼeˑs	-Sv
chick (newly hatched bird)	sqemqn̲wys	See sqem
chickadee	čʼisg̣iˑg̣i	Sn
chicken	ǰigin	Sn
child	weˑʼ	S-n
childless person	čʼido	Sn
children	tʼaksni	-Sn
chin	g̣eˑčʼo	Sn
Chinese	ǰaˑnama	Sn
chip, to	čeqʼ	-Sv
chip off	qʼečʼ	-Sv
chipmunk (sp.)	wasla	Sn
choke (on a mouthful of food)	ntop	S-v
choke (on something in the throat)	qliń̲	Sv
choke (strangle)	yᵛačqʼaˑqʼa	See yᵛ
choke (strangle with the fingers)	čʼlᵉačqʼaˑqʼa	See čʼlᵉ
chokecherry	dwičqʼs	See dwičqʼ
chokecherry gum	walaˑg̣	S-n
chop	w	S-v (cl.).
“chub” (fish): see “fish.”church	čečhaws	See čeč
church camp	loˑLbgmksi	See loˑL
cigarette	pʼag̣s	See pʼag̣
cinch (horse harness)	switʼls	See swᵛ
circle, in a	akʼiˑmi̲ʼ	sv
circle, into a	oqʼil	-Sv
clam	g̣leˑčʼo	Sn
clap the hands	qtʼaqʼ	Sv
clavicle	nahkʼ	S-n
claw	sdeg̣	S-n
clay (type)	sbaˑl	Sn
clean (a fish)	wʼetʼdg̣a	See wʼetʼ
clean off (chips)	qetʼ	-Sv
clear, be	yal	S-v
clear away (forest, brush)	qatʼ
clearing (open space)	saˑykʼa	Sn
clench the teeth	se̲g̣wᵛačdang̣a	See g̣wᵛ
click to a horse	kčʼiqʼ	Sv
cliff	Wal	S-n
climbing up	og̣n̲	sv
cling to	mʼiq	-Sv
clinging vine (dependent person)	čʼlᵉmʼiqtn̲ys	See mʼiq; Also se̲ndokdgs; See ndok
clitoris	siˑd	S-n
clod	tʼoˑlg̣	S-n
close (near, short)	wikaˑ	Sl
close (nearby)	syokʼaˑ	S-l
close a door	kʼays	S-v
close the eyes	qʼlamčʼ	Sv
closing	akʼy	sv
cloth	siˑl	Sn
clothlike obj., act upon a	slᵉ	S-v (cl.).
clothlike surface, act upon a	hiw	S-v
clothe	lwᵛ	S-v (cl.).
clothing	se̲lwᵛotn̲ys	See lwᵛ
cloud	pʼayss	See pʼays
cloud (from which streamers of mist hang down)	lmen̲ysʔm lag̣	See lmen̲ and lag̣
cloudy, be	pʼays	Sv
club (weapon)	stoˑbgs	See stoˑbg
clumsy, be	Ločʼ	Sv
coals	lkʼom	Sn
coals, on the	aps	sv
coat	gabo	Sn
coccyx	qodo	Sn
coffee	koˑbi	Sn
cohabit	mboseˑlʼ	Sv
coil (rope)	spᵛqʼoli̲ʼlʼg̣a	See qʼoli̲ʼ
coil up (snake)	čqʼaˑlʼ	-Sv
coitus, have	sʔin	Sv
coitus from behind, have	nʼeˑslʼ	Sv
cold (catarrh), have	snʼewLi	Sv
cold (person), be	g̣atdkʼ	Sv
cold (weather, liquid), be	čkʼaˑW	Sv
collander	sčiqn̲oˑts	See sči
[collective]	ʔm	sn
collide	se̲hod̲dang̣a	See hod̲; See also “bump.”
colt	tg̣aˑwʼkʼa	See tg̣aˑwʼ
comb, to	slᵛčiˑqʼa	See slᵛ
come	gᵛebga	See gᵛ and ebg
coming	ebg	sv
coming for a purpose	olgi	sv
coming home	adbn̲	sv
command (message)	noˑkangs	See noˑ
command, to	tbeˑw	Sv
competition, in a	eˑʼ	sv
complain	soˑwi	Sv
completely	bil	Sre
completely, do	čapg	-Sv
completing	oˑl	sv
concealing	ayahʔ	sv
conceited, be	stosq	Sv
[conditional:] if	heˑ	Srp
cone (of bark: treatment for arthritis or rheumatism)	se̲kʼlᵛikLs	See kʼlᵛ
confused, be	loˑwkanga	See loˑw
confused (rattled), be	bem̓	Sv
consider someone unable	čʼoy	Sv
constellation: the following are the names of constellations:Children	r̲r̲e̲ntʼaksni	See tʼaksni
String-of-Fish	slogs	See slog
	Wiyaˑ’s-Bow	wiyaˑlm nteys; See wiyaˑ (meaning unknown).
constipated, be	wgipʼ	Sv
container	waˑg̣ogs	See waˑ
container, into a	ig̣og	sv; Also iwyʼg̣ sv
container, out of a	odg	sv; Also oyg̣ag sv
converse	hasaswaˑkʼy	Sv; Also Waldga; See Wal
cook (mustard seeds)	ʔᵛewa	See ʔᵛ
cook, to	snoˑg̣	See noˑg̣
cooked, be	noˑg̣	Sv
cooking rock	mba	S-n
cool (by blowing on)	snog	Sv
Coos Bay people	haˑniˑ	S-n
cord in the neck	twinwan	Sn
core	loˑq	Sn
corn (maize)	ʔisalqʼi	Sn
corner, in a	akʼčʼwy	sv
cornered, be	ʔir̲r̲é̲wnʼa̲a	See awnʼa̲
corpse	g̣legdk	See g̣leg
corpses	čʼoˑqʼdk	See čʼoˑqʼ
cottonwood tree	wlal	Sn
cough, to	ʔoqsoʼ	Sv
count, to	sʔedw	Sv
cousin	ʔomǰ	-S-n
cousin (female)	qʼaˑǰ	- S-n; Also naˑn -S-n
cousin (male, said by a younger male)	tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b	See tg̣eˑw
cousin (mother’s younger brother’s child, said by a male)	čog	-S-n
cousin (woman’s elder female cousin)	tʼaˑl	-S-n
cover (and squash)	čʼiqʼ	-Sv sv
cover (with a lid)	wtʼamʼ	Sv
cover, to	wal	S-v sv; Also tʼačʼ -Sv
covet	loˑčwʼ	Sv
cow	mos	-Sn
coward	r̲e̲sinʼamstn̲ys	See sinʼams; Also r̲e̲wosys; See wos
cowboy	tg̣aˑwʼs r̲e̲čᵛikLys	See tg̣aˑwʼ and čᵛ
coyote	wʼa	S-n; Also kʼolyʼaˑ Sn
coyote (sp.)	wʼas paLlʼg̣s	See paL
coyote (sp.?)	kʼwatag	S-n
crack, to	bawi̲ʼ	+Sv
cradleboard	swʼenč	Sn
cradleboard hoop	sčʼisliˑgs	See čʼis
cradleboard sunshade	sčʼisLa̲ys	See čʼis
cramp (in the leg), have	čʼolʔ	Sv
cramp (in the stomach), have	hoyʔakčʼ	Sv
cramp (kink), have	lg̣eˑy	S-v
cramp (knotting up of a muscle)	stiˑqʼ	Sv
crane (blue crane)	sʔoˑg̣	S-n
crane (sandhill crane)	qʼlidiˑ	S-n
crane (white crane)	kowaˑ	Sn
crane a look	tʼwekʼ	Sv
Crater Lake	giˑw	S-n
crave	baˑg̣	Sv
crawfish	g̣oyʼa	Sn
crawl	kčʼi	S-v
crawl (snake)	skin	S-v
crawl under headfirst	g̣oˑdiˑla	See g̣oˑ; Also g̣oˑtʼaqʼtn̲a
crazy, be	čʼawʼig	Sv
cremate	lolog̣sʼa̲la	See lolog̣
cricket	dlol	Sn
crops	he̲swaˑs	See waˑ
cross the legs	se̲ʔᵛawlyeˑga	See ʔᵛ
cross-eyed, be	mbely	Sv
crouch	kʼnoqʼ	S-v
crouch (stoop down)	paL	S-v; Also čʼinlʼg̣a; See čʼin
crow	g̣aˑg	Sn
crow, to	pakʼ	Sv
crown of the head	nqʼaq	Sn
crumble up (as a clod, ice)	čoyi̲ʼ	+Sv
crumble up (small objs.)	toyi̲ʼ	+Sv
crumple up	qoli̲ʼ	-Sv
crush	čʼiqʼ	-Sv sv
crush into shape	pʼosqʼ	-Sv
crust (on snow)	bayL	S-n
crutch	se̲kᵛiwčnʼoˑts	See kᵛ
cry (from fright)	ʔesnkʼ	Sv
cry (weep)	swaqč	Sv; Also ʔamna S-v
cry (whine like a baby)	mʼeˑqʼy	Sv
cry, make someone	sʔaˑʼ	Sv
cry over something (“take very hard”)	lowatbislʼ	Sv (?).
cuckold	spondg̣a	See spon; See also “adultery, commit.”
cup	kap	Sn
curl, to	qʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
curl up	qpʼalʼ	Sv
currant	čʼomsqʼ	S-n
curse (lay a spell on)	tawy	Sv
curse (swear at)	laˑm	Sv
cut, to	qdᵛ	S-v (cl.).
cut hair	yʼoqʼ	-Sv
cut in strips	čayi̲ʼ	+Sv
cut off a sg. obj.	kʼal̓	-Sv sv; Also gattʼ +Sv
cut off pl. objs.	golčʼ	-Sv
cut off the head	kʼačʼ	-Sv
cut open a bulbous round obj.	titʼ	+Sv; Also aLaˑsg̣n̲ sv
cute, be	g̣ag̣l	S-v
Ddab (sprinkle)	čʼečʼ	-Sv
dam	ʔᵛodiˑlks	See ʔᵛ
dam (fish dam)	čᵛabaˑyi̲ʼkʼys	See čᵛ
dam, to	sdᵛakʼya	See sdᵛ; Also sdᵛayʼaˑYa; See sdᵛ
damage around the edges	pʼetʼ	-Sv
damp, be	tkʼaˑw	S-v
damp (wet), be	mʼoqʼaLtʼ	Sv
dance, to	ksiw	S-v
dance (ceremonial dance), to	waˑL	Sv
dance (scalp dance), to	saˑč	Sv
dance (war dance), to	niklap	S-v
dandruff	pʼoqang	S-n
danger	ǰiǰiˑk	S-n
dangerous	wosaspči	See wos
dappled, be	ltoˑqʼ	Sv
dare, to	deyoˑw	Sv; Also haskiˑng S-v
dark, be	čʼmog	Sv; Also sponneˑga; See spon
darkness	čʼmogs	See čʼmog
darling	he̲sanʼaˑWawlis	See sanʼaˑWawli
daughter	eˑ	-S-n
daughter-in-law	tod	-S-n
daughter-in-law (woman newly married and living with her in-laws)	tʼeynniwaˑs	See tʼeyn
dawn, to	beqʼ	S-v
day, be	wayt	Sv
daydream, to	diwiˑs mpetʼčnʼa	See mpetʼ
daytime	pse	Sn
dead.; See “die.”dead fish	čʼalw	S-n
deaf, be	nčoqʼ	Sv
death camas	sgaw	Sn
decay (rust, rot)	slʼeqʼ	Sv
decay (spoil, sour, rot)	ntʼopʼ	Sv
[declarative]	ʔa	Srp
deep (wide, tall, far)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl sr
deep, be	ʔeˑWi̲	Sv
deep into	oteˑg	sv
deer	lilhang	S-n; Also maˑwič Sn
deer (black-tailed deer)	mos	-Sn
deer (muledeer)	baˑg̣oˑl	S-n
deer (red deer)	swayʼ	Sn
deer-hoof rattle	sr̲e̲r̲čaqʼoˑts	See čaqʼ
defecate	sqʼeń̲	Sv
defecate (have a loose motion)	ntitʼlʼg̣a	See titʼ
delouse	dmᵛkʼačʼa	See dmᵛ
[demonstrative Type II formant]	n	sd
den	waˑs	See waˑ
dent	pʼečʼaqʼ	-Sv
dentalium	tʼolalwʼ	S-n
deny saqamk.	Sv
depend upon	dal̓tn̲bga	See dal̓; Also sadamniˑlg̣ Sv (?).
desert, to	gᵛoliˑna	See gᵛ
design, make	somʼalwʼ	Sv
destroy	swʼeng	Sv
dew	čʼidgs	See čʼi
dewclaw	se̲daqčoˑts	See daqč
devil	monaˑdalʼkniˑ	See monaˑ
diagonally against	abaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
diaphragm	pʼaw	S-n
diarrhea, have	gᵛoditgoˑla	See gᵛ
die (pl.)	čʼoˑqʼ	Sv
die (sg.)	g̣leg	Sv
die (slang)	g̣aliˑn	Sv
different kinds, ways	ʔoʔoˑʔaq	Sra
differently	wenniˑ	Sra
difficult, be	qwaˑtʼ	Sv
dig (a hole)	yebn̲	Sv
dig (a row, furrow)	tʼoyi̲ʼ	+Sv
dig (a tunnel)	dmᵛ	S-v (cl.).
dig (a well)	sʔilg	Sv
dig (roots) mey,	Sv
digging stick	ʔamda	Sn; Also yoqma Sn
[diminutive]	ʼaˑkʼ	sn sa
dip, to	sdin	S-v
dip net	sdinyeˑgoˑts	See sdin
dirt	g̣eˑla	Sn
dirty, be	qʼaqneˑg	Sv
disappointed, be	dat gikanga	See gi
discontented, be	čʼiyoˑlʼ	Sv
disgusted with, be	qʼoˑy̓	Sv
dish, be a	sapL	Sv
dishevel	kʼoˑs	-Sv
dishpan	sdipnks	See sdipn
dislike, to	mʼočkʼ	Sv
disparage	sg̣aˑm	Sv
dispersed	aywwi	sv
dissatisfied, make someone	sne̲leˑgdgi	See leg
distribute	ʔeˑtʼ	Sv
[distributive]	r̲e̲	sv sn sd sa sl sr
disturb (a sleeping person)	snomčakL	Sv
ditch	g̣og̣ea̲ls	See g̣og̣e
dive, to	ban	Sv
dividing	edg̣	sv
divorce, to	se̲g̣lewy	See g̣lewy
dizzy, be	lem̓	Sv
do (make, work)	sʔ	S-v (cl.).
do transitively (?)	odtʼ	-Sv
do what the preceding noun says	ʼa̲l	sv sn
doctor (shaman)	qyog̣	S-n
doctor (white man’s doctor)	daˑkda	Sn; Also yawg̣smeˑn; See yawg̣ and meˑn
doctor someone (as a shaman does)	čᵛotn̲a	See čᵛ
doe	golo	Sn
dog	wač̓aˑkʼ	See wač
doing repeatedly in the air	eˑqʼ	sv
doll, play with a	ʔamʔ	Sv
dollar	daˑla	Sn
door	kʼaystn̲ys	See kʼays
door, in the	eqʼy	sv
door, just outside the	atʼiˑt	sv
dote on	ndok	S-v
double up a fist	qpʼalʼ	Sv
doughy, be	lʼabkʼ	+Sv
dove	ʔoˑlʼ	S-n
down a hill	atqʼaps	sv; Also eqweˑL sv
down from a height	odg̣i	sv; Also atqʼaps sv
down off	oˑli	sv
down on top of	eLWn̲	sv
down to the earth	elʼg̣	sv
downstream	obln̲	sv
drag, to	spi	S-v (cl.).
drag, to	sbᵛ	S-v (cl.).
drag a heavy obj.	tʼoyi̲ʼ	+Sv
dragonfly	qoqding	S-n
drape over	lmoˑl	S-v
draping off the edge	owʼeˑtʼ	sv
drawers (woman’s)	qaL	S-n
dread, to	niˑqʼa	S-v
dream, see in a	tʼn̲	sv
dream, to	dodiˑqʼ	Sv
dress (clothe)	lwᵛ	S-v (cl.).
dress, wear a	g̣og̣	Sv
dried fish	qaml	S-n
drink, to	bonw	Sv
drip, to	di	S-v (cl.).; Also nčikʼ S-v; Also ntiqʼ S-v
drive (a stake)	hon	S-v
drive (animals)	tpo	S-v; Also niw S-v
drive (automobile, wagon)	lᵛor̲yamna	See lᵛ; Also sdilnčnʼa; See sdiln
drive (fish into a net)	ksᵛiwLa̲a	See ksᵛ
drop (let fall)	debl	S-v; Also see “fall.”
drop off (as a ripe berry)	sčoqʼy	S-v; Also qam S-v
drum	bam	-Sn
drumstick	r̲é̲r̲bam wotn̲nʼoˑts	See bam and w
drunk, be	lʔeg	Sv
dry, to	bah	Sv
dry fish	qamls̓a̲la	See qaml
dry up	pal	Sv
dry up (as a drought)	mpʼaqʼ	Sv
drying rack	sčokʼlʼg̣s	See sčokʼ; Also sbahoˑts; See bah
[dubitative]	yʼa	Sre
duck (blackjack duck)	sney	S-n
duck (butterball duck)	r̲r̲e̲mpʼaqtn̲ys	See mpʼaq
duck (canvasback duck)	g̣olaˑ	Sn
duck (diver duck)	qʼiliˑǰig	S-n
duck (diving duck)	kokaswʼa	Sn
duck (fish duck)	ǰig	-S-n
duck (fish duck)	ǰaqno	S-n
duck (mallard duck)	Weˑg̣	S-n
duck (pintail duck)	golg	S-n
duck (red duck)	wiʔam	Sn
duck (sp.)	Weˑg̣sginʼa	See Weˑg̣ and ginʼa
duck (spoonbill duck)	g̣ononoˑʼ	S-n
duck (whistler duck)	dodod	S-n
duck (wood duck)	čʼawlaˑk	S-n
duckling	doydi	Sn
duckling (just hatched)	swʼiˑg	S-n
dumpling	r̲e̲qʼayʼeʼaˑkʼ	See qʼayʼe
[durative]	obg	sv
during	i	sv
dust	nkililkʼs	See nkililkʼ
dusty, be	nkililkʼ	Sv; Also boqʼ Sv
dwarf (midget), be	skʼič	S-v
dwarf (race of trolls)	gagaˑnʼa	Sn
dwelling	čiˑs	See čiˑ
dye (with rotten wood dye)	smoloʼa̲la	See molo
dye, to	sne̲lᵛewa	See lᵛ
eagle (bald eagle)	yawqʼl	Sn
eagle (golden eagle)	blaywaˑs	See blay and waˑ
ear	momʼoˑwč	Sn; Also wʼawʼaˑq S-n
early	ʔonaˑ	Srt
earn money	daˑlaa̲la	See daˑla
earring	hastamn	S-n
earth	g̣eˑla	Sn
earth, down to the	elʼg̣	sv
earth to sky, from	kʼačʼ	-Sv (?).
earthquake, have	g̣eˑla sikʼdgi	See sikʼ
earwax	dodoˑq	S-n
East	lobytdalʼ	See loby
eat	pʼań̲	sv
eat (a bird embryo)	Loˑčʼ	Sv
eat (breakfast, snack)	sni	S-v (cl.).
eat (mustard seed gravy)	čʼipʼ	Sv
eat (roe, fish eggs)	Loqʼ
eat (soup)	Loˑb̓	Sv
eat (roasted bird skin)	čʼelg	Sv
eat (tules)	ltew	Sv
eat up	wotʼ	Sv
eat with	he̲snᵉedg̣a	See nᵉ
eavesdrop	mačaˑdiˑla	See mačaˑ
echo, to	pʼaq	-Sv
eclipse, have	/loq ʔa slʼog̣iˑ sʔabasas./	See slʼᵛ
edge, along a twisting	alYn̲	sv
edge, along the	elwy	sv; Also aliˑg sv
edge, around the	akʼiˑmi̲ʼ	sv
edge, damage the	pʼetʼ	+Sv
edge, off the	oliˑn	sv; Also owʼeˑtʼ sv
edge, on the	oliˑn	sv; Also oykiˑn sv
edge, on the very	eliˑw	sv
edge, over the	owʼeˑtʼ	sv
edge, to the	oykiˑn	sv
edge (shore), to the	abaˑtn̲	sv
eel	g̣awi	Sn
egg	napl	Sn
eight	ndanksept	See ndan and ksept
eighteen	tewnʼip̓ant ndanksept	See tewnip and ndan
eighty	ndankseptnʼi tewnʼip	See ndan and tewnʼip
either	wag̣eˑnha	Srp
elbow	se̲ltʼoqʼkʼys	See ltʼoqʼ
elbow, act with the	tqiq	S-v (cl.).
elbow-fight, to	he̲stqitʼčʼa	See tqiq
elder	tg̣eˑw	Sn
elderberry	slʼoˑlwʼsʔm	slʼoˑlwʼ; See slʼoˑlwʼ
eleven	tewnʼip̓ant Naˑs	See tewnʼip and Naˑs
elk	won	Sn
embrace, to	pewqʼy	Sv
embracing	akyamn	sv
embryo (bird)	Loˑčʼs	See Loˑčʼ
embryo (duck)	bolʼoˑq	S-n
emphasize a point	sdal̓tn̲a	See dal̓
[emphatic]	hak	Sre
empty, be	ʔewʼn̲oˑla	See ʔewʼn̲
empty-handed, be	le dwaˑ gi	See le
enamored, be	wičʼtn̲a	See wičʼ; Also ldokw Sv
end, on the	awʼaˑlʼ	sv
end (point), on the	amʼaˑčʼ	sv
end, to the	abaˑni	sv
endure	sikʼnam	S-v
enlarge a hole	pʼetʼ	+Sv
enough	sibač	Sv
enslave (pl.)	r̲e̲lowags̓a̲la	See loˑg
enslave (sg.)	loˑgs̓a̲la	See loˑg
entrails (intestines)	qʼayʼe	Sn
entrails (lights)	ǰilaˑʼ	S-n
entrails (fish)	smʼoling	S-n
erection, have	qniyʼ	Sv
escape	wibg	Sv
escaping	oykag	sv
even (any)	gin	Sre
even (even though)	maˑms	Srp
evening	qi	S-n
evening, in the	litg̣i	Srt
ever	dadaˑ	Sri
every	naˑnok	Sa
everything	naˑnokdwaˑ	See naˑnok and dwaˑ
evilly	qʼoy	Sra
examine	swᵉotn̲nʼa	See swᵉ
exasperated, be	nčeg̣i	Sv
excrement	sqʼeń̲s	See sqeń̲
explain	heseˑks	Sv
extend in a grove	witʼ	S-v
extend in a line	waˑm	S-v (cl.).; Also lčʼi S-v
extend out into a plain	wqiw	Sv sv
extend to a point	stak	S-v
extinguish a fire	sipč	Sv
eye	lolb	Sn
eye, injure the	čʼiwʼ	-Sv
eye, put out the	pʼačʼ	+Sv sv
eye mucus	wawʼaˑk	S-n
eyebrow	snʼeklʼ	S-n
eyelash(es)	sg̣apčʼleˑlʼeˑg	S-n; Also sg̣emʼin S-n
face	delʔn̲	Sv
face, act on the	pʼeqʼ	+Sv sv
fade (turn white)	baˑldgi	See bal
fade away (sound)	qmeˑs	S-v
fall (a load, mass of objs.)	wʼetʼ	S-v
fall (pl. objs.)	he	S-v
fall (season)	sʔaLm	Sn
fall (sg.)	ntʼiw	S-v; Also w S-v (cl.).
fall (tree)	hin	S-v
fall headfirst	dᵛ	S-v (cl.).
fall out (tooth)	kʼatʼ	+Sv
fan, to	wLiw	S-v
fang	g̣wᵛoga̲oˑts	See g̣wᵛ
far (deep, wide, tall)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl sr
fart, to	skiy̓	Sv
fast (go hungry)	sdaˑw	Sv
fast (quickly)	g̣illi̲ʼank	See g̣illi̲ʼ
fast (soon)	balaq	Srt
fat	blo	Sn
fat, be	bliń̲
father	tis	-S-n
father-in-law (woman’s)	qoˑsbgs	See qoˑs
fawn	wilʼe	Sn; Also ʔank Sn
fear (be scared, startled)	toqʼ	Sv
fear (be terrified)	sinʼams	S-v
fear (dread)	niˑqʼa	S-v
fear, to	wos	Sv
fear a bogeyman	qoˑʼ	Sv
fear a ghost	skoˑg	Sv
feather, to	Lań̲	Sv
feed baby birds	dew	S-v
feel (intuit)	se̲mčelg̣a	See mčelg̣
feel (think)	hosʔ	Sv
feel around	aws	-Sv
feeling like	nʼapg	sv
feet, act with the	yᵛ	S-v (cl.).
feet, under the	anasg̣	sv
female genitals, on the	ew	sv
female quadruped or bird	golo	Sn
fence	waqlʼaq	Sn; Also qčing S-n
fester	čʼilʼg̣a	See čʼi
few	kʼinkʼ	Sa
feverish, feel	tʼekʼ	Sv
fieldmouse	msa	S-n
fifteen	tewnʼip̓ant tonʼip	See tewnʼip and tonʼip
fifty	tonʼipnʼi tewnʼip	See tonʼip and tewnʼip
fifty cent piece	Naykstʼa	See Nay
fight, to	r̲e̲siwga	See siwg
file (tool)	ʔᵛqʼečʼs	See qʼečʼ
fill, to	sne̲ʔeˑwʼn̲a	See ʔewʼn̲; Also sdaˑ gi; See sdaˑ
filled with pus, be	mʼolʼ	Sv
fillet of a fish	sʔaliˑn	S-n
fin	qiˑč	S-n
finally	tabyʼg̣eˑni	See tabyʼ
find, to	gawʼl	Sv
finger	lg̣awʼaˑwʼalʼ	S-n
finger, act with a	sqol	S-v
fingernail	sdeg̣	S-n
fingernails, act with the	čʼlᵉ	S-v (cl.).
finish, to	woN	Sv
finishing	oˑl	sv; Also elʼg̣ sv
fir tree (sp.)	čʼibqʼs	See čʼi
fir tree (sp.)	slaˑl	Sn
fir tree (sp.)	wonǰm	See wonǰ
fir tree (sp.—or possibly yellow pine)	liwl	-S-n
fire	lolog̣	S-n
fire, act on a	kʼlᵛ	S-v (cl.).; Also slʼᵛ S-v (cl.).
fire, by the	elwy	sv
fire, into the	alʼaˑlʼ	sv
fire, on a	kslʼ	sv
fire, out of a	oykiˑn	sv
fire (a weapon) once	dewy	Sv
fire (a weapon) pl. times	yʼoˑ	S-v (cl.).
fire-drill, use	slikw	Sv
firefly	čoˑq	Sn
first	loby	Sl Sr
first (before some other action)	wʼeˑ	Sre
fish	kyem	Sn
fish: the following are the names of fish which have no commonly known English name or which were unidentifiable. The informants classified these roughly into “gudgeons,” “mullets,” “suckers,” and miscellaneous. Unfamiliarity with marine biology renders this list open to error.gudgeons (also called “chubs”)gudgeon (called a “gudgeon” by Gatschet and a “bullhead” by the informants)	kʼoččʼa	Sn
gudgeon (large sp.)	qčʼiˑwʼ	S-n
gudgeon (sp.)	ndiˑlʼ	S-n
gudgeon (sp. called a “minnow” by the informants)	qʼodag	S-n
gudgeon (sp. called a “sunfish” by LK)	tʼeˑba	Sn
mulletsmullet (sp.)	čʼwaˑm	Sn
mullet (sp.)	histʼy	S-n
mullet (sp.)	qʼapdo	Sn
mullet (sp.)	tlag̣	S-n
mullet (sp.)	yeˑn	Sn
suckerssucker (biggest sp.)	čʼom	S-n
sucker (sp.)	saqda	Sn
sucker (sp.)	wčʼag	S-n
fish names (continued)miscellaneoussp. of large minnow	sawaˑ	S-n
small sp.	čawʼ	S-n
small sp. of minnow	wnay	Sn
fish (dried)	qaml	S-n
fish bladder or intestines	smʼoling	S-n
fish dam	čᵛabaˑyi̲ʼkʼys	See čᵛ
fish scraps	noˑg̣sʔm	See noˑg̣
fish spear	stʼakwʼ	S-n
fish spear (pronged)	qalʼg̣s	See qa
fish by torchlight	kʼlᵛočʼwa	See kʼlᵛ; Also slʼᵛočʼwa; See slʼᵛ
fish with a hook and line	swʼᵛewa	See swʼᵛ
fish with a net	deklʼg̣a	See dek
fish with a trolling line	spiwa	See spi
fisher (animal)	wʼalqʼačga	Sn
fishhook	lᵛodg̣is	See lᵛ; Also knewoˑts; See knew
fishing spot	dᵉlodiˑlks	See dᵉl
fishline	swʼᵛews	See swʼᵛ
fishline (trolling line)	spiwoˑts	See spi
fishnet	wičʼoˑL	S-n
fishnet (netting)	layg̣	S-n
fishnet (or fishtrap?)	wlo	Sn
fishpole	swʼᵛewoˑts	See swʼᵛ; Also wqa Sn
fist, make a	slapstʼ	Sv
fit, to	sibač	Sv
five	tonʼip	Sa
five cent piece	he̲sne̲r̲é̲ˑr̲bem̓s	See bem̓
five plus the preceding number	ksept	-Sa
flabby, be	tʼosqʼ	Sv
flap (flutter)	bal	-Sv
flap (wings)	wqapqʼ	Sv
flap, to	Lapʼ	Sv
flare up (fire)	hebl	-Sv
flat, be	Lepʼ	Sv
flat obj., act upon a	nᵉ	S-v (cl.)
flat on top, be	tʼoM̓	Sv
flat place, in a	ew	sv
flea	kʼotʼ	S-n
flee	qeˑq	S-v
flicker (as a fire from afar)	liw̓	Sv
flicker (bird)	newlʼinč	Sn
flicker (twinkle, glitter)	lʼeqʼ	Sv
flint	mbosag	S-n
float (pl.)	lmeˑy	S-v
float (sg.)	mpetʼ	S-v
flood, to	sčʼiyeˑga	See čʼi
flop, to	Witʼ	Sv
flour	baˑlʼaˑʼ	S-n
flow (drip)	di	S-v (cl.).
flow, to	ntol	S-v
flower	leˑw	-S-n
flute, play	slʼoˑlwʼ	Sv
flutter	bal	-Sv
fly (housefly)	mang̣	Sn
fly, to	hon	S-v
foal, to	tg̣aˑwʼkʼaa̲la	See tg̣aˑwʼ
foam, to	soˑqʼoˑng	Sv
fog	loˑws	See loˑw
foggy, be	loˑw	Sv
fold, to	qʼalʼ	-Sv
follow	saq	-Sv
follow a leader	wlan	S-v
food	pʼań̲s	See pʼań̲
foot	peč	Sn S-v
foot, act with the	peč	Sn S-v; Also yᵛ S-v (cl.).
foot rags	pʼiwg̣	S-n
footprint	pečlʼg̣Wiˑs	See peč
for a long time	maˑns	Srt
for fun	eˑʼ	sv
for the sake of	iˑ	sv
forbid	hiwsg	Sv
forbid (warn)	r̲e̲woytn̲bga	See woy
ford	gᵛakʼwkʼys	See gᵛ; Also r̲e̲he̲sbankʼwks; See ban
forehead	lakʼiˑ	Sn
forehead, on the	aliˑg	sv
foresee in a dream	dodiˑqʼlʼg̣a	See dodiˑqʼ
forever	čʼosni	See čʼosak
forget	yʼaM	S-v
fork (eating utensil)	se̲kᵛiwdg̣nʼoˑts	See kᵛ
fornicate	sʔin̲	Sv
fornicate (woman)	se̲dᵛewlʼg̣a	See dᵛ
Fort Klamath	ʔiWqʼaˑqʼ	See ʔiW
forty	wonibnʼi tewnʼip	See woniˑb and tewnʼip
forward and backward	ačʼwa̲	sv
fountain	r̲e̲bonwks	See bonw
four	woniˑb	Sa
fourteen	tewnʼip̓ant woniˑb	See tewnʼip and woniˑb
fox (red fox)	wʼan	Sn
fox (silver fox)	hey	-Sn
fox (sp. of red fox)	wʼan peˑtʼs	See wʼan
fracture, to	qewi̲ʼ	+Sv
fragile, be	lʼem̓	Sv
frame (for stretching hides)	waktn̲oˑts	See wak
frame (wall frame for a summer house)	sg̣ačoˑ	S-n
freckle-faced	wčʼeˑčʼr̲bqʼdk	See čʼečʼ
freeze	ʔeww	Sv
freeze (hands, ears, cheeks)	ndočʼ	Sv
freshly	nčalq	Sra
Friday	tonʼipnʼiks	See tonʼip; Also tonʼipnʼi; See tonʼip
friend	se̲ʼwaLineˑʼs	See waLin
friends with, be	waLin	S-v (?).
frighten	sne̲wosa	See wos
frighten (scare, startle)	he̲stoqʼa	See toqʼ
fringe, to	wbe	S-v
frog	kowʼe	Sn
frog (small sp.)	weg̣etʼ	S-n
frog (tree frog)	yʼaynʼatiˑ weg̣etʼs	See yʼaynʼa and weg̣etʼ
from	kniˑ	sn sp sd sa sl
from earth to sky	kʼačʼ	-Sv
from hand to hand	awaw	sv
from house to house	attal	sv
from person to person	awaw	sv
front, in	lobytant	See loby; Also ayʼaˑY sv
frost, to	sgomL	Sv
frostbitten, be	non	S-v
frown, to	sčilikʼa̲	Sv
fry	sničiˑqʼ	Sv
frying pan	lebwin	Sn
full	sdaˑ	Sra
full, be	ʔewʼn̲	Sv
full load, on top of a	aptneˑg̣i	sv
fumble, to	Ločʼ	Sv
fun	le domns	See le and domn
fungus (shelf-shaped tree fungus)	mokʼsʔm sniˑg̣̓s	See mokʼ and sniˑg̣̓
funny	wetn̲yspči	See wetn̲
fur	niˑl	Sn
[future-intentive]	wabg	sv
fuzzy (soft), be	mʼog̓	Sv
fuzzy (prickly), be	Lopʼ	+Sv
gallop	waqsi̲ʼ	Sv
gamble	sakl̓	Sv
game of needle and ball	sokʼokkʼo	S-n
garlic	qʼoy r̲e̲bilwieˑʼs	See bilwi
garment, act upon a	slᵉ	S-v (cl.).
gash, to	čayi̲ʼ	+Sv
gasp (belch)	mpakʼ	Sv Or mpʼaqʼaˑ S-v
gather food	stayLa̲	Sv
gather together	oˑlgi	-Sv
geestring	se̲nᵉayʼasg̣as	See ayʼasg̣
genitals (female), on the	ew	sv
genitals (male), on the	ayʼasg̣	sv
germ (?)	memyeˑk	Sn
gesture “inside” in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxxo)	yʼoˑsg̣n̲a	See yʼoˑ
gesture “inside-outside” in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoxo or oxox, depending upon the direction of the hand-gesture).	woy	S-n
gesture “outside” in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoox)	sg̣ečʼn̲a	See sg̣e
get (obtain)	snʼog̣	Sv
get up out of bed	ba	S-v
getting (obtaining)	oga̲	-Sv
getting up	adgl	sv
ghost	skoˑgs	See skoˑg
gift, give a	ktʼo	S-v
gifts to the groom at a marriage	ʔiwys	See ew
gills	sqʼayʼe	Sn
girl	snʼeweˑčʼkʼa	See snʼeweˑčʼ
girl (little)	nʼisq	S-n
girl (teenage)	siww	S-n
girls	weˑwʼanwyˑkʼ	See weˑwʼanʼ
glass	widaˑl	Sn
girth (horse harness)	switʼloˑts	See swᵛ
give (pl. objs.)	sʔewanʔ	Sv
give a gift	ktʼo	S-v
giving a single obj.	oy	sv
gizzard	mpetʼlʼg̣s	See mpetʼ
glad, be	qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ	Sv
glance, to	qʼliq	S-v
glare, to	qil̓	Sv
glitter, to	lʼeqʼ	Sv
gloomy, be	yaˑnWa̓	Sv
glove, wear	nʼepeˑʼa	See eˑʼ
glow, to	kčal	S-v
glued, be	ntʼakʼ	S-v
gluttonous, be	wneq	Sv
gnat(s)	qʼotpʼ	S-n
go	gᵛ	S-v (cl.).
go (flock, herd)	čᵛ	S-v (cl.).
go (school of fish)	tʼoy	S-v
go backwards	sg̣e	S-v
go hand in hand	či	S-v
go in a group	wlan	S-v
go to Spirit-land	noˑ	S-v
go out (fire)	bičg	Sv
goat	goˑt	Sn
God	blaydalʼkniˑ	See blay
going toward	eliˑ	sv
good	dičʼiˑ	See dičʼ
goodbye, say	sʔeqg̣	Sv
goose (wild goose)	loˑ	S-n
gooseberry	r̲é̲r̲Loy̓sʔm	See Loy̓
goosefoot (plant)	qočaˑnig	S-n
gopher	mong	Sn
gopher (sp.)	monaˑ r̲e̲damnys	See damnoń̲
gossip, to	r̲e̲se̲g̣wᵛobga	See g̣wᵛ
grandchild.; See the reciprocal terms for “grandfather” and “grandmother.”grandfather (father’s father)	loks	-S-n
grandfather (mother’s father)	kʼaˑs	-S-n
grandmother (father’s mother)	tʼeˑw	-S-n
grandmother (mother’s mother)	qʼol	-S-n
granular objs., act upon a handful of	čʼa	S-v (cl.).
grasp (hold, obtain)	snʼog̣	Sv
grass	woyg̣ang	S-n
grass (hay)	kson	Sn
grasses: for various spp. see under “plant.” Grasses having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.grasshopper (large sp.)	tʼaˑhʔ	-S-n
grasshopper (small sp.)	ǰigačg	S-n
grave	spinoˑ	Sn
graveyard	ʔilʼg̣sg̣eˑni	See elʼg̣
graze	ltew	Sv
grease	blo	Sn
greasy, be	nčes	S-v
great-aunt (grandfather’s sister)	loloˑs	-S-n
great-aunt (grandmother’s sister)	lig	-S-n
great-grandmother (father’s grandmother)	čoˑl	-S-n
great-grandmother (mother’s grandmother)	wawʼiˑk	S-n
great-nephew (and great-niece).; See the reciprocal terms for “great-uncle” and “great-aunt.”great-uncle (father’s father’s brother)	baˑg̣	-S-n
great-uncle (mother’s mother’s brother)	koy	-S-n
green	woyg̣ang	S-n
grey hair	ʔol	S-n
grimace	sčilikʼa̲	Sv
grin, to	mʼotčʼočʼoˑyʼ	Sv
grind (parched wokas)	lᵛoliˑna	See lᵛ
grind (with a mortar and pestle)	gaˑm	Sv
grind (with a two-horned muller and a metate)	beqs	Sv
grinding stone (lower: metate)	lmʼač	Sn
grinding stone (upper: two-horned muller)	se̲ʼlᵛikLkʼys	See lᵛ
gristle	kʼoˑčgoˑts	See kʼoˑčg
grit the teeth	se̲g̣wᵛačdang̣a	See g̣wᵛ
grope	aws	-Sv
groundhog (or “woodchuck”)	moy	Sn
group, act upon a	liw	S-v
grouse	tmo	Sn
grow (hair, plants)	g̣e	S-v
grow (person)	tsiń̲	Sv
grow (shoots, sprouts)	stabg	Sv
growl, to	sʔollqʼ	Sv
grub	bolqʼwan	S-n
gruel	lagmin	Sn
grunt, to	sʔopqʼ	Sv
gudgeon: for various spp. see under “fish.”guess	nidw	Sv
gun	lolog̣skʼeys	See nkʼeysʔań̲
gunny sack	qʼočwʼal	Sn
gunwales	sʔaliˑn	S-n
gush	stopʼ	S-v
[habitual]	damn	sv
hail, to	qlaLʔań̲	Sv
hair	lag̣	Sn
hair (fur)	niˑl	Sn
hair, cut the	yʼoqʼ	-Sv
hair, in the	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
hair, on the	ačw	sv
half	datg̣lam	Sl
halitosis, have	qʼoy haˑwi̲ʼa	See haˑwi̲ʼ
hammer	npatʼtn̲oˑts	See patʼ
hand	nʼep	Sn
hand, act with the	nʼiq	S-v; Also das S-v
hand outstretched, with the	liˑg	sv
handful of granular objs., act upon a	čʼa	S-v (cl.).
handful of liquid, act upon a	qliw	S-v
handgame, play	nayatʼiˑya	Sn Sv
handkerchief	kikǰam	Sn
handkerchief (silk)	leswi	Sn
handle (bucket, basket)	čʼiskʼws	See čʼis
handle (knife)	dᵛoLys	See dᵛ
handle (tool)	snʼog̣kys	See snʼog̣
hands, act with the	dᵛ	S-v (cl.).
handsprings, turn	čʼikwʼalg̣ol	S-v
hang onto	wʼintn̲a	See wʼin
hang the head	se̲ʔeysg̣n̲bga	See ʔey
hanging off the edge	owʼeˑtʼ	sv
hanging up high	akʼaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
happen	neˑbg	Sv
happy, be	sidyaykʼ	Sv; Also qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ Sv
hard, be	qaW	S-v
hard (difficult), be	qwaˑtʼ	Sv
hat	čʼoyeˑs	See čʼoyʔ; Also matʼ S-n; Also daqmil Sn
hat (in a myth)	baˑlʼaˑʼ	S-n
hat, wear	čʼoyʔ	Sv
hatch (egg)	posl	Sv
hate, to	qʼoy̓	Sv
haul (a load)	sʔop	S-v
haul, to	hiˑwi	Sv
have	emčn̲	-Sv
have a lot (?)	blewgi	Sv (?).
having	gidk	See gi
having been …ed	dk	sv
having done …	ank	sv
having no …	qʼelyʼak	Srn
hawk (bird hawk)	witgatg	S-n
hawk (fish hawk)	dogwʼ	-S-n
hawk (marsh hawk)	tewg̣	-S-n
hawk (marsh hawk)	čʼikdo	Sn
hawk (meathawk)	r̲e̲čʼoleˑkslʼis	See čʼoleˑk
hawk (nighthawk)	čʼasg̣iˑp	S-n
hawk (sp.)	ndᵛoga̲ys	See n
hawk (sparrowhawk)	čʼliklak	Sn
hay	kson	Sn
he-she-it (intensive)	bi	Sp
head	nʼo	S-n
head, act with the	ʔey	S-v; Also tʼoqʼ -Sv
head, cut off the	kʼačʼ	-Sv
head, on the	ačw	sv
head of the penis	lᵛawʼaˑlʼs	See lᵛ
headband	snawč	S-n; Also se̲ʼwallYn̲ys; See wal
headfirst, act	g̣oˑ	S-v (cl.).
headfirst, fall	dᵛ	S-v (cl.).
headrest (for a cradleboard)	ʔeyyg̣ioˑts	See ʔey
heal	wen̲bli	See wen̲
hear	domn	Sv
heart	sdayn	S-n
heartburn, have	likʼ	S-v
hearth	sneylʼg̣s	See sney
heat	g̣elbkʼs	See g̣el
heavy, be	ʔiw	S-v
heavy or pronged obj., act upon a	qa	S-v (cl.).
heel	staklʼinč	Sn
helldiver (black helldiver)	ngoq	Sn
help, to	satʼwaˑY	Sv
helping	awʼaˑY	sv
helter-skelter	gmeˑteˑt	Sra
hemorrhoids	kʼiliˑt mʼaˑsi̲ʼs	See kʼiliˑt
“henwas” (a stone carving having spirit power)	henw	S-n
herd (drive animals)	tpo	S-v; Also niw S-v
herd, act upon a	liw	S-v
here	gida	Sl
here and there	okang	sv
heron (great blue heron)	qʼaˑhʔ	-S-n
heron (green heron)	tʼwaqʼ	S-n
hiccough, to	Yakʼ	Sv
hidden, be	pʼačʼ	+Sv sv
hide (cured)	mbaw	S-n
hide (uncured)	qla	S-n
hide, act upon a	bᵛ	S-v (cl.).
hide the bones (in the handgame)	čᵛewa	See čᵛ; Also see doˑkanga “shifts the bones from hand to hand before finally hiding them.”; See doˑ
hiding	ayahʔ	sv
high (above)	blay	Sl
high (tall)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl
high (up high, hanging)	akʼaˑyi̲ʼ
hill (mountain)	yʼayʼna	Sn
hill (slope)	lalli̲ʼs	See lalli̲ʼ
hill, down a	eqweˑL	sv; Also atqʼaps sv
hillside, against a	alamn	sv
hillside, along a	oYn̲	sv
hint (that one is hungry)	ʔan	Sv
hipbone	gmočs	See gmoč
hiss (snake)	skaˑkʼ	Sv
hit (with a fist, kick)	kt	S-v (cl.).
hit (with a long instrument)	w	S-v (cl.).
hit (with a round instrument)	n	S-v (cl.).
hit, to	dᵛ	-S-v (cl.).
hit again on the same spot	čewi̲ʼ	-Sv
hit on the head	qʼomi̲ʼ	-Sv
hoarse, be	sqel	S-v
hobble (an animal)	sqʼotʼlʼg̣a	See qʼotʼ
hoe, to	spᵛLeˑčnʼa	See Leˑ
hold (grasp)	snʼog̣	Sv
hold a baby on a cradleboard	ʔeM	S-v
hold in the mouth	qbi	S-v (cl.).; Also qbᵛ S-v (cl.).
hold someone’s possessions for him	womiˑdiˑla	See womiˑ
holding (carrying)	oyamn	sv
hole	ginr̲dgs	See gin
hole (den)	waˑs	See waˑ
hollow on top, be	g̣oM̓	Sv
home	čiˑs	See čiˑ
home, arriving	adbn̲	sv
homesick, be	čʼiyoˑlʼ	Sv
honey	r̲é̲r̲momsʔm pʼań̲s	See mom
honeycomb	bog̣	S-n
honeybee	mom	-S-n
hoof	qʼoǰing	S-n
hook a fish	tʼapʼ	-Sv
hoop, bend into	čʼis	S-v
hoot (owl)	mbaw	Sv
hop, to	kʼoY̓	Sv
hop on one foot	kʼlečʼ	Sv
hop on one foot with the other held forward	čʼiWden	S-v
hope that …	ʔam	Srp
horn	tog̣i	Sn
horned toad	popwʼeg	S-n
horse	wač	Sn
horse (wild)	tg̣aˑwʼ	S-n
horsefly	sqʼoplʼing	S-n
horseshoe	lasg̣	-S-n
[hortative, first person plural:] let us …	nʼa	sv
[hortative, first person singular: I let me …	ek	sv
[hortative, imperative]	yʼoˑ	Srp
hot, be	g̣el	S-v
house	lačs	See lač
-house	haw	-S-n
house (summer house)	wqeplʼg̣	S-n
house (type)	g̣ayaˑtʼa	Sn
house (winter house)	loldm̓a̲llʼg̣s	See loldm
house, build	lačʼ	Sv
housefly	mang̣	Sn
house-pit	slʼoqoˑp	S-n
how	waq	Sri
how big	det	Sri
how far	dadaˑdi	See dadaˑ
how many	danq	Sri
how much	det	Sri
however	daˑts	Srp; Also dak Srp
howl (mad dog)	waˑʼ	Sv
howl (pack of coyotes)	yeq	Sv
howl (wolf)	woˑʼ	Sv
huckleberry	ʔiwm	Sn
huckleberry (small sp.)	waslalm r̲e̲ʔiwm̓aˑkʼ	See ʔiwm
huddle (herd)	liw	S-v
hummingbird	pʼisʔ	-S-n
hunchback	skʼoyʼa	Sn
hunchbacked, be	sqalb	Sv
hundred	tewnʼipnʼi tewnʼip	See tewnʼip
“hung up” in sexual intercourse, be	se̲čʼliga̲dang̣a	See čʼlᵉ
hungry, be	dyeˑmi̲ʼ	Sv
hungry, go	sdaˑw	Sv
hunt, to	gan	S-v
hunt birds with torches	slom	S-v
hunting	wawlag̣	S-n
hurry, to	soˑk	S-v
hurt (injured), be	qʼaL	S-v
hurt, to	mʼaˑsi̲ʼ	Sv
hurt again on the same spot	kawʼ	-Sv
husband	hiswag̣	S-n
hymen	dᵛews	See dᵛ
I	ni	Sp
I (declarative)	noˑ	Sp
ice	we	S-n
icicle, form	wayaˑlb	Sv
if	heˑ	Srp
imago	hontn̲ys	See hon
imitate	sʔaywgalla	See sʔaywg
[imperative plural]	at	sv
[imperative (polite)]	ang	sv
[imperative singular]	i	sv
impetigo	čʼimtʼs	See čʼi
in	d̲at	Sl sn sp sd sa sl
in … places	ʼaˑs	sa
in (into) a container	ig̣og	sv; Also iwyʼg̣ sv
in (into) a corner	akʼčʼwy	sv
in (into) a flat place	ew	sv
in (into) a hole	oneˑg	sv
in (into) a house	oLy	sv
in (into) a line	oykiˑn	sv
in (into) a narrow place	akʼčʼwy	sv; Also akʼakweˑg sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv
in (into) a pocket	akʼčʼwy	sv
in (into) mud or snow	awʼiˑn	sv
in (into) the bushes or woods	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
in (into) the doorway	eqʼy	sv
in (into) the fire	alʼaˑlʼ	sv
in (into) the hair	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv; Also ačw sv
in (into) the mouth	odg̣nʼ	sv
in (into) the mouth (snacking, swallowing)	og̣y	sv
in (into) the road	eqʼy	sv
in (into) the sunshine	atʼaˑwi̲ʼ	sv
in (into) the water	ew	sv
in a circle	akʼiˑmi̲ʼ	sv
in a competition	eˑʼ	sv
in a line, be	tʼepʼ	-Sv; Also owiˑ -Sv
in front	lobytant	See loby; Also ayʼaˑY sv
in front of the male genitals	ayʼasg̣	sv
in order to	wk	sv
in pieces, be	tʼekʼ	+Sv
in strips	onamn	sv
in the eye (injure the eye)	čʼiwʼ	-Sv
in the face (act on the face)	pʼeqʼ	-Sv sv
in two (pl.), cut	golčʼ	-Sv
in two (sg.), cut	gattʼ	+Sv
inaudible, be almost	qyos	Sv
incite	sne̲leˑgdgi	See leg
[inclusive]	ʼokʼ	sa
[inclusive, emphatic]	dank	sa
indeed (indicates a new subject)	čik	Srp
indeed (indicates present-progressive action or state)	lis	Srp
indeed (indicates that the speaker expects some response)	hay	Srp
index finger	spelwys	See spel
Indian	maqlag̣	S-n
[indicative]	a	sv
indigestion, have	likʼ	S-v
industrious person	winYaˑʼ	S-n
infatuated, be	ldokw	Sv; Also wičʼtn̲a; See wičʼ
information (advice), give	sʔawʼaˑY	Sv
inheritance	sg̣eg̣	S-n
injured, be	qʼaL	S-v
ink	ʔink	Sn
insect (similar to a weevil)	r̲e̲qamlslʼis	See qaml
insect (sp.)	r̲e̲tʼaˑmdgislʼis	See tʼaˑm
insect (threadlike water insect)	ʔamboʔm lag̣	See ʔambo
inside	waˑsi	Sl
inside (?)	akt	sv
inside (action inside)	oyeˑni̲ʼ	sv
inside (action outside to inside)	oLy	sv
“inside” gesture in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxxo)	yʼoˑsg̣n̲a	See yʼoˑ
inside out, turn	spentʼoˑ	S-v
“inside-outside” gesture in the handgame (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern oxox or xoxo, depending upon the direction of the accompanying hand-gesture)	woy	S-n
insist	g̣illi̲ʼr̲tn̲nʼa	See g̣illi̲ʼ
inspect	swᵉotn̲nʼa	See swᵉ
instead (rather, however)	dak	Srp
instead (with)	tʼet	sn sp sd
[instrumental]	oˑt	sv
[instrumental noun formant]	kʼ	sv
[instrumental:] with, by means of	tga	sn sp sd sa
insult (by coming jovially into a house of mourning)	saˑč	Sv; Also yeq Sv
insult, to	laˑm	Sv
intending to (feeling like)	nʼapg	sv
intending to (planning to)	samni	sv
[intensive]	ʔé̲	sd sl
[intensive]	r̲	psv; Also r̲é̲r̲ pSv pSn; Also r̲é̲ˑr̲ pSv pSn; Also r̲r̲ psv psn; Also r̲r̲é̲ psv
[intensive, action upon plural objs.]	ˑ	pSv
interjections: the following are a few of the more structured interjections and interjection-like unanalyzable utterances occurring in the corpus. Myth speech “taglines” and rare interjections (usually with anomalous phonemic material) are omitted here but are described in the Notes to the Texts.careful! look out!	dodoˑ!
here, take it!	čimi!
here boy! (to a dog)	čʼisk!
just like that! All at once!	tʼasak!
oh!	yaˑ!
oh my goodness!	yags dwaˑ!	See yag
shhh! (used to put an infant to sleep)	ʔisʔisʔis!	See ʔis
sic ’im!	koskoskos!	See kos
sssss! (sound of hot iron or rock being dropped into liquid)	čʼiW!
that’s not called for!	skay hak čʼaˑms!	See skay and čʼaˑm
yes!	ʔiˑ!
interpret	lodadg	Sv
interpret a shaman’s song	win	S-v
[interrogative]	dam	Srp
[interrogative]	dal	Srp
interrupt	nayamčʼ	Sv
intestines	qʼayʼe	Sn
intestines (fish)	smʼoling	S-n
into. Many morphemes have both a directional and a static locative sense. These have been listed above under “in.”into another room	etʼleˑg̣i	sv
into a circle	oqʼil	-Sv
into water	okʼčʼw	sv
introduce (a person)	he̲sqoyg̣a	See qoyg̣
intrude	gᵛadbn̲oˑta	See gᵛ
intuit	se̲mčelg̣a	See mčelg̣
invite (ask someone to do)	satma̲	Sv
invite (ask someone to go)	saMoˑ	S-v
ipos (sp. edible root)	g̣eˑ	S-n
iris (plant)	g̣aˑg̣ʔm lag̣oˑ	See g̣aˑg̣ and lag̣
iron (clothes), to	lᵛtʼasčnʼa	See tʼas
iron (metal)	ǰigmin	Sn
irrigate	sčʼiLWn̲a	See čʼi; Also sčʼir̲yamna; See čʼi; Also sčʼičʼn̲a; See čʼi
island	ʔawalw	S-n
itch, to	yʼoqʼ	Sv
jackrabbit	ng̣ol	Sn
jail	ʔiLyks	See oLy; Also ǰeyl Sn
jar	ǰaˑ	Sn
javelin	se̲kten̲eˑʼs	See kt
jaw	g̣ag̣oˑ	Sn
jay	tsg̣ew	-S-n
jealous, be	sqas	Sv
Jew	naqspoˑʼ	-S-n
jingle	čaqʼ	Sv
joining	dang̣	sv
joint	solpsag̣	S-n
joke, to	gmay	Sv
juice	ntolsgs	See ntol
jump (fish)	čew	-Sv
jump, to	ngatʼ	S-v
jump (run, sg.). to	hod̲	S-v (cl.).
juniper	qʼeˑLo	Sn
juniper berry	biwčʼeˑw	S-n
just as	waqt	See waq
just did and no more	čʼn̲	sv
Kalapuya Indians	mokey	Sn
katydid	čʼalmgoˑyʼ	S-n; Also čʼloppʼ -S-n
keep doing [durative]	obg	sv
keep doing [habitual]	damn	sv
keepsake	sg̣eg̣	S-n
kettle	liLpʼ	S-n
kick, to	kt	S-v (cl.).
kidneys	lemyʼeˑq	-S-n
kill (pl.)	he̲sčʼoˑqʼa	See čʼoˑqʼ
kill (pl.; slay)	lwel	Sv
kill (sg.)	siwg	Sv
killdeer	čʼwiˑdidig	S-n
kind (sort)	wiqčʼ	S-n
kind (this …, that …)	mʼas	sd
kingfisher	čʼan	-Sn
kinked, be	lg̣eˑy	S-v
[kinship pl.]	ys	sn
[kinship prefix]	b	pn
[kinship vocative]	r̲e̲	pn; Also y sn
Klamath Falls	ʔiWr̲LWn̲nʼa	See ʔiW
Klamath Lake	ʔews	See ʔew
Klamath Marsh	ʔewksi	See ʔew
Klamath People	ʔewksikniˑ	See ʔew
knead	tg̣oy	Sv
knee	qʼolʼinč	Sn
knee, act with the	lʼoč	S-v (cl.).
knife	waˑtʼi	Sn
knife (type with a crosspiece handguard)	dᵛeqn̲ys	See dᵛ
knife handle	dᵛoLys	See dᵛ
knit	lečʼn̲	Sv
knock, to	g̣aW̓	-Sv
knot (tangle)	nᵉačqaˑyi̲ʼa	See nᵉ
knot, tie a	qʼotʼ	-Sv
knot up (cramp)	stiˑqʼ	Sv
know	sʔaywgtn̲a	See sʔaywg
know how, not	čʼaˑni̲ʼ	Sv
lace (shoelace)	he̲sličlʼg̣oˑts	See slič
lace up	lečʼn̲tn̲nʼa	See lečʼn̲
lacking (having no …, without)	qʼelyʼak	Srn
lacking, be	qʼeˑgi	Sv
ladder	waq	S-n; Also gamnioˑts; See gᵛ
ladder (for the underground winter house)	gᵛawloˑtkʼys	See gᵛ
ladybug	snotʼoˑts	See snotʼ
lake	ʔew	S-n
lame, be	qʼwanqʼ	Sv
land	g̣eˑla	Sn
land (a canoe)	sg̣ᵛabaˑtn̲a	See sg̣ᵛ
language	hemkangs	See hem
language, speaking the … of the preceding noun	yal	sv
lap, on the	aqʼaˑqʼ	sv
lap, to	wlʼaks	S-v
lark (meadowlark)	sqolʼe	Sn
larkspur	ǰolg	-S-n
last	tabyʼ	S-n Sl
late, become	sponneˑga	See spon
later	ʔonʼčeˑ	Srt
laugh, to	wetn̲	Sv
laugh (pl.), to	lwayqʼ	Sv
laughter	wetn̲ys	See wetn̲
laughter, roar with	sdoqʼ	Sv
lavaliere	se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs	See lᵛ
law, make	newlʼg̣	Sv
lay (an egg)	napl̓a̲la	See napl
laying down (an obj.)	elʼg̣	sv
lazy, be	yʼaMkʼ	Sv
lead (metal)	kʼeysa̲ls	See nkʼeysʔań̲
lead, to	spon	S-v (cl.).
leaf	tʼapq	Sn
leaf out	tʼapq̓a̲la	See tʼapq
leak, to	či	S-v
lean (on a stick)	se̲kᵛiwčnʼa	See kᵛ
lean (vertical objs. together)	sčokʼ	S-v
lean, to	sdokʼ	S-v
leaning against	abaˑtn̲	sv
leaning diagonally against	abaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
leapfrog, play	se̲ngatʼyg̣eˑʼa	See oyg̣i
learn	sʔaywg	Sv
leather	boqʼeˑw	S-n
leave (go away)	gᵛoWasga	See gᵛ
leave (someone behind)	he̲sčᵛalʼaˑlʼčʼa̲bga	See alʼaˑlʼ
leave (something; abandon)	deˑWi	Sv; Also g̣lewyčn̲a; See g̣lewy
leave alone (let go)	deliˑn	Sv
leech	sdaqbong	S-n
left, be on the	sqeˑdi	Sv
leg	čʼoˑg	S-n
leg, act with the	sboˑ	S-v
leggings, wear	mideˑʼ	Sv
legs, act with	sqeqʼ	Sv
less than ten	qʼeˑgs	-Sa
let (allow someone to go, do)	ʔinoˑ	S-v
let (permit)	weˑwl̓	Sv
let go of	deliˑn	Sv
let me …! ([first person singular hortatory])	ek	sv
let us …! ([first person plural hortatory])	nʼa	sv
let’s …!	haga	Srp
lever, act with a	sʔiwl	S-v
lice egg(s)	čʼiqaˑt	S-n
lick, to	pʼelqʼ	Sv
lid, to	wtʼamʼ	Sv
lie (animal)	din	S-v
lie (exist)	bᵛ	-S-v (cl.).
lie (pl.)	lolʼal	S-v
lie (sg.)	sqʼol	S-v
lie (tell a falsehood)	kʼiy̓	Sv
lie flat on the back	wLetʼ	S-v
lie on one’s side	qʼya	S-v
lie on the stomach	wʼin	S-v
light (in weight), be	tsaˑkʼ	Sv
light a fire	soˑč	Sv
light-colored, be	čoqʼ	Sv
lightning, flash	wlepʼl̓	Sv
like (similar to)	sitk	Sre; Also pč sn sp sd sa
like, to	dičʼeˑwi̲ʼa	See eˑwi̲ʼ
limb	weq	Sn
limber, be	kčaˑkʼ	Sv; Also wlʼiˑqʼ Sv
limit (of a place), to the	abaˑni	sv
limp, to	qʼwanqʼ	Sv
line, be in a	tʼepʼ	-Sv; Also owiˑ -Sv
line, in a	oykiˑn	sv
line up (horizontally)	ʔeM	S-v
line up (one behind the other)	temiˑ	S-v
lint	mʼoˑg̓s	See mʼog̓
linty, be	mʼog̓	Sv
lion (mythological animal)	qʼoyqʼaˑwʼ	S-n
liquid, act upon a container of	čʼi	S-v (cl.).
liquid, act upon a handful of	qliw	S-v
liquor (all types)	laˑm	Sn
lisp, to	weǰli	Sv
listen	mačaˑ	S-v
listen for	nčayakʼ	S-v
litter, carry on a	liwaˑ	S-v
litter, have a	Laˑ	Sv
little	kʼeččʼa	Sa; Also nčʼekʼ Sra
little finger	qʼapčʼa	Sn
live (be alive)	hoqn̲	Sv
live (pl.)	waˑ	Sv
live (sg.)	čiˑ	Sv
live with	kseg̣i	Sv
lively, be	leg	S-v
liver	balla	Sn
living obj., act upon a	ksᵛ	S-v (cl.).
lizard	qiˑʔa	Sn
lizard (blue-tailed lizard)	lastostg	S-n
lizard (sp.)	lʼoˑg	S-n
lizard (water lizard)	sg̣oˑtʼig	S-n
loan, to	wolqʼ	Sv
located, be	ʔiW	S-v
[locative]	t	sp sd sa sl; Also ʼiˑt sl; Also tʼa sl
[locative:] in, at, on	d̲at	Sl sn sp sd sa sl
lock (a door)	he̲shod̲kʼya	See hod̲
locust	tʼaˑhʔ	-S-n
loin cloth	he̲swayʼasg̣ys	See w
lonesome, be	sakʼamsineˑʼ	Sv
long (tall, high, far)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl sr
long ago (in ancient times)	gaˑ	S-n
long ago (some time ago)	dank	Sn
long instrument, act with a	w	S-v (cl.).
long object, act upon a	ʔᵛ	S-l (cl.).
long objects (few), act upon	yan	S-v
long time	maˑns	Srt
look, to	dᵉl	S-v (cl.).; Also swᵉ S-v (cl.).
look like	swᵉ	S-v (cl.).
look for	g̣aˑykʼ	Sv; Also qmag̣ Sv
looking like	sleˑs	See sleʔ
loon	daplal	Sn
loon (small sp.)	qoqyʼag̣	S-n
loose, be	čey	Sv
lope	ltig̓	Sv
lose	sne̲qʼeˑgi	See qʼeˑgi Sv
louse	kʼoY	S-n
love, to	stin	S-v
Lower Rogue River people	soˑlčoqkniˑ	See soˑl
lukewarm, be	loqwa̲	Sv
lunch	čᵛelʼg̣s	See čᵛ
lung(s)	tʼosoˑq	S-n
lynx	slowaˑ	Sn
“maa” (make a noise like a deer)	meˑʼ	Sv
magpie	wʼig̣	-S-n
make (do, work)	sʔ	S-v (cl.).
make a bed	slan̲a	See slan̲
make a face	sničʼiˑčʼ	S-v
make a noise, rumpus	qʼeˑlʼi̲	Sv
make trouble	g̣lom	S-v
man	hiswag̣	S-n
-man	meˑn	-Sn
mane	waˑmčaqLWn̲ys	See waˑm Or waˑmLWn̲ys; See waˑm
mangy, be	r̲r̲e̲stʼaqʼsga	See tʼaqʼ
many	dom	Sa
many places, in	domaˑs	See dom
manzanita	qʼaǰaym	S-n
march, to	kin	S-v
marestail (plant)	g̣oˑ	S-n
marks, make	qʼoˑčʼ	-Sv
marks (scribbling), make	lʼaˑkʼ	-Sv
marrow	stʼopʼ	S-n
marry	se̲moseˑlʼa	See mboseʼlʼ
marry (man)	snʼeweˑčʼs̓a̲la	See snʼeweˑčʼs̓a̲la; See snʼeweˑčʼ
marry (woman)	hiswag̣s̓a̲la	See hiswag̣
Mars	r̲é̲r̲taklʼi	See tak
marten (pine marten)	peˑp	Sn
mash (something doughy)	lʼabkʼ	+Sv
mash (something mushy)	čʼabkʼ	+Sv
mash (something sticky)	tʼabkʼ	+Sv
mash flat	padg̣	-Sv
massive shapeless obj., act upon a	čʼlᵉ	S-v (cl.).
masturbate	yečʼeˑlʼ	Sv
mat	slan̲ys	See slan̲
mat (floor)	slᵉikLs	See slᵉ
mat (type)	stʼab	S-n
mat (wall)	slᵉotn̲ys	See slᵉ
mat (wall covering for a wickiup)	stewL	S-n
mat, act upon a	slan̲	Sv
mat roll (knee support for a cradleboard)	slʼotʼitʼaˑʼ	S-n
matches	maǰ	S-n
mature, to	dis	S-v
maybe.; See “perhaps.”meadow (plain)	saˑykʼa	Sn
meadowlark	sqolʼe	Sn
meanness (anger, cruelty)	qiLoˑ	S-n
measles	gᵛotqʼags	See gᵛ
measure, to	sg̣iloˑlg̣	Sv
meat	čʼoleˑk	S-n
meat, act upon a piece of	čʼlᵉ	S-v (cl.).
medicine, take	yawg̣	Sv
meet, to	hos	S-v
melt	čakʼ	+Sv
melt (be juicy, drippy)	čʼoččʼ	Sv
melt (drip)	nčikʼ	S-v
menstruate	mokʼ	Sv
menstruate for the first time	sdopWi	Sv
meow, to	mʼewʔ	Sv
message	noˑkangs	See noˑ
metate (lower grinding stone)	lmʼač	Sn
metal	waˑtʼitiˑ	See waˑtʼi
mica	widaˑl	Sn
middle	datg̣lam	Sl
middle finger	datg̣lamni	See datg̣lam
midget, be	skʼič	S-v
milk	ʔečʼs	See ʔečʼ
mimic, to	sʔaywgalla	See sʔaywg
mink	qliˑpa	Sn
minnow: for various spp. see “fish.”mint	maˑčʼaˑ	S-n
mirror	se̲dᵉlewas	See dᵉl
miscarriage, have	kʼatʼaqʼiˑg̣i	Also sne̲ntʼiwčnʼa; See ntʼiw
mischievous	ledalʔaˑni	See dalʔaˑk
misty, be	g̣eˑla heʼa	See heʼ
miss (be sad over an absence)	lag̣y	Sv
miss (not see someone for some time)	lesmʼ	Sv
miss a target	qʼaYʔań̲	Sv
mistake, make	sampʼali̲	S-v
mix, to	sokl̓	Sv
mix up (whip up, tangle), to	čʼaqʼ	S-v
mixture of native tobacco and Bull Durham (“kinnikinnick”)	sokl̓s	See sokl̓
moccasin (buckskin), wear	waksna	Sn Sv
moccasin (tule)	wipga	Sn
Modoc(s)	moˑwa̲t̓aˑkʼkniˑ	See moˑwa̲
Modoc accent, have	goyʼ	Sv
Molala	čaggeˑnkniˑ	See čag
mole (animal)	r̲e̲ʼnᵉebli	See nᵉ
mole (skin eruption)	likt	S-n
Monday	lobyni	See loby
money-lender	r̲e̲ʼwolqʼys	See wolq
mons Veneris	ngenoˑ	Sn
Montana Indians	wač̓aˑkʼ r̲e̲pʼań̲ys	See pʼań̲
month	sʔab	S-n
moo, to	heˑma	See hem
moon	r̲r̲e̲wg̣awʼs	See wg̣aw
mop, to	kᵛčʼoˑsYeˑni̲ʼa	See čʼlos
morning	mboˑsant	Sn
mortar (for grinding)	sg̣a	Sn
mosquito	čʼiNeˑk	S-n
moss	qdayʔm skodas	See qday and skod
moss (black moss)	kʼal	Sn
moss (sp.)	swʼaw	S-n
moth	g̣aqoloˑqtn	S-n
mother	kʼis	-S-n
moult	slʼoqʼ	Sv
mountain	yʼayʼna	Sn
mountain, over a	etʼleˑg̣i	sv
mountain dock	g̣abyang	S-n
mountain lily	loqʔm čonws	See loq and čonw
mountain lion	daˑslaˑt	S-n
mountain mahogany	ʔamdalm	See ʔamda; Also yoqmalm; See yoqma
mountainside, along a	oYn̲	sv
mourn (cry over, take something very hard)	lowatbislʼ	Sv
mourn (feel depressed over a death for a long time)	kloy̓	Sv
mourn (regret)	Lil	Sv
mourn (wail)	stodg̣n̲ys̓a̲la	See st
mouse	moqʼoˑga	Sn
mouse (fieldmouse)	msa	S-n
mouse (large sp.)	g̣laywʼa	Sn
mouth	som	Sn
mouth, act with the	qbᵛ	S-v (cl.).; Also han S-v
mouth, hold in the	qbi	S-v (cl.).
mouth, in the	odg̣nʼ	sv
mouth, in the (biting, swallowing)	og̣y	sv
mouthful, have	smʼoqʼy	Sv
mouthful, strangle on	ntop	S-v
move, to	sikʼ	Sv
moving (changing one’s dwelling)	sL	sv
mow	moliˑn	Sv
much (many)	dom	Sa
much (very)	moˑ	Srm
mucus (eye)	wawʼaˑk	S-n
mucus (nasal)	sniˑg̣̓s	See sniˑg̣̓
mud	tʼoboˑq	S-n
mud (type)	tʼilʼe	S-n
mud, in the	awʼiˑn	sv
mud puddle	r̲e̲čʼir̲yamns	See čʼi
muddy a stream	kʼoyoˑmi̲ʼ	Sv
muddy place	tʼopʼe	S-n
muddy-brown, be	mʼak	S-v
mudhen	tʼohoˑ	S-n
mudhen (sp.—also called a sp. of squirrel by Gatschet and one informant)	stʼokʼwa	Sn
mudhole (bog)	stʼoy	S-n
mule	limiˑl	Sn
muller (two-horned upper grinding stone)	se̲ʼlᵛikLkʼys	See lᵛ
mullet: for various spp. see “fish.”[multiplicator]	ni	sa
mumble	sʔeWeWʔ	Sv
mush (wokas)	slot	S-n; Also noˑg̣̓a̲ls; See noˑg̣
mushroom (or toadstool)	lmenč	S-n
mushy, be	čʼabkʼ	+Sv
muskrat	pom̓aˑkʼ	See pom
mustache	smʼoˑg̣	Sn
mustar see	čʼipʼs	See čʼipʼs
mustard seed (sp.)	wisingʔm čʼipʼs	See čʼipʼ
mustard seed gravy, eat	čʼipʼ	Sv
my	gew	See ni and noˑ
myth	r̲r̲e̲sʔabg̣leˑʼs	See sʔab
myth, tell	g̣l	sv
mythological animal (“giraffe”)	g̣iliˑli	Sn
mythological animal (“lion”)	qʼoyqˑaˑwʼ	S-n
mythological characters: for the proper names of persons and beings appearing in the myth texts, see “proper names”mythological humans	psewdi	S-n; Also r̲e̲gaˑwaˑs; See gaˑ and waˑ
nag, to	skʼičʼ	Sv
nail	ǰigmin	Sn
nail, to	patʼ	-Sv
naked, be	peˑnhi	Sv
name	seˑss	See seˑs
name (call)	ʔelg̣	Sv
name (mean, give a price to)	seˑs	Sv
name unknown (“whatchamacallem”)	sgo	Sd
nape of the neck	čʼikʼsʔm makwls	See čʼikʼ and mak
[narrative]	k	sd
narrow place, in a	akʼčʼwy	sv; Also akʼakweˑg sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv
nauseated (vomit), be	čonw	Sv
nauseated, feel	qʼoy̓	Sv
nauseated, feel slightly	qbol	S-v
navel	tʼog̣	S-n
near	syokʼaˑ	S-l
near (close, short)	wikʼaˑ	Sl
near (next to)	aqyeˑtn̲	sv
near (right up to)	alčʼwy	sv
nearly	wikʼaˑ delčnʼbga	See wikʼaˑ and dᵉl
nearly (almost: the action was not begun)	a̲ksg	sv
nearly (almost: the action was begun but not completed)	Wiˑ	sv
neck	niˑ	S-n
neck, around the	aqʼaˑqʼ	sv
neck, break the	kʼačʼ	-Sv
necklace	yamn	S-n
necklace (pendant)	se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs	See lᵛ
needle	spiqn̲oˑts	See spi
negro	wayha	Sn; Also r̲e̲čʼoleˑks; See čʼoleˑk
neigh	heˑma	See hem
neighbor	se̲dᵉlatln̲bags	See dᵉl; Also yawkkniˑ; See yawk
neighborly person	se̲ʔilʼg̣iˑys	See elʼg̣
nephew.; See the reciprocal terms given under “aunt” and “uncle.” The following are not reciprocal:nephew (or niece: man’s brother’s child)	pʼaˑkt	S-n
nephew (or niece: man’s sister’s child)	ačg̣aˑL	-S-n
nephew (or niece: woman’s sister’s child)	mag̣oˑqʼ	S-n
nest	snʼoLs	See snʼoL
nest (den, burrow)	waˑs	See waˑ
nest, build	snʼoL	Sv
net (fishnet)	wičʼoˑL	S-n
net (netting)	layg̣	S-n
net (or fishtrap?)	wlo	Sn
net fish	deklʼg̣a	See dek
net weight	lodih	S-n
nettle	sleleˑčʼ	S-n
nettle (virulent sp.)	r̲e̲Lopʼtn̲Ysʔm	See Lopʼ
nettle cord	sleˑčʼ	S-n
new	tʼeyn	Sra
newlywed girl	sqabg	S-n
never	qʼay dadaˑ	See qay and. dadaˑ
next (too, more)	čgas	Sre
next door	pelwi	Sl; Also yawk Sl
next to	aqyeˑtn̲	sv
next to (right up to)	alčʼwy	sv
nickel (five cent piece)	he̲sne̲r̲é̲ˑr̲bem̓s	See bem̓
niece.; See the reciprocal terms given under “aunt” and “uncle.”; See also the nonreciprocal terms given under “nephew” above.night	psin	Sn
night, all	niˑsda	Srt
nightmare, have	wden	S-v
nine	Načqʼeˑgs	See Naˑs and qeˑgs
nineteen	tewnʼip̓ant Načqʼeˑgs	See tewnʼip, Naˑs and qʼeˑgs
ninety	Načqʼeˑgsnʼi tewnʼip	See Naˑs, qʼeˑgs and tewnʼip
nipple (?)	lᵛotn̲ys	See lᵛ
no	qʼay	Srn
nock	sdᵉlawllʼg̣s	See dᵉl
noise	qʼoy domns	See domn
noise (rumpus), make	qʼeˑlʼi̲ʼ	Sv
[nominative]	i	sa
[nominative plural]	g	sd
[nonnominative]	ng	sd
[nonnominative plural]	yʼas	sd
[nonnominative theme formant]	yʼeˑnʼ	sn sa sl sd
nonround objs. (few), act upon	yan	S-v
noon	psekst	Sn
north	yaˑma̲t	See yaˑma̲
northern peoples (Columbia River people)	yaˑma̲kniˑ	See yaˑma̲
north-west	ǰag̣ing	S-n
nose	psi	S-n
nosebleed, have	popʼ	+Sv
nose-plug	tʼotʼ	S-n
not	qʼay	Srn
not (“un-”)	le	Srp
not know how to	čʼaˑni̲ʼ	Sv
not recognize	qayqmʼ	Sv
not see someone for some time	lesmʼ	Sv
not yet	qʼay̓oˑ	See qʼay
nothing	qʼay dwaˑ	See qʼay and dwaˑ
nothing, have (be empty-handed)	le dwaˑ gi	See dwaˑ and gi
nothing, have (lack)	qʼeˑgi	Sv
[noun formant]	s	sv sn sl
[noun formant]	y	sv sn
now	ʔat	Srt
now (right now)	pačʼit	Srt; Also pačʼačʼwi Srt
now then!	ča	Srp
numb, be	nǰoy	S-v
nut (pine)	qdeˑLo	Sn
oak	qlism	See qli
obey	domn	Sv
[objective]	ʼas	sn sp sd sa sl
[objective]	a	sa
obscene gesture (used as an insult)	ličʼo	S-n
obsidian	mbosag	S-n
ocean	soˑlčoq	See soˑl and čoq
odor, have	bilwi	Sv
off (away)	oWasg	sv
off a vehicle	oliˑn	sv
off of	osg	sv
off the edge	oliˑn	sv
off the edge, draped	owʼeˑtʼ	sv
often	r̲e̲balaq	See balaq
old, be	gmoč	Sv
old (man), be	močeˑwi̲ʼ	Sv
old man	čikʼaˑ	Sn; Also moč S-n
old woman, be	weleˑg̣	S-v
omen, be	tg̣otg̣	Sv
on	d̲at	Sl sn sp sd sa sl
on (onto, attached to)	otn̲	sv
on (onto) a fire	alʼaˑlʼ	sv; Also kslʼ sv
on (onto) a pile	ikL	sv
on (onto) a surface	eLa̲	sv
on (onto) a twisting edge	oYn̲	sv
on (onto) a vehicle	eLa̲	sv; Also ikL sv
on (onto) coals	aps	sv
on (onto) the back	adgl	sv; Also alamn sv
on (onto) the buttocks	akʼy	sv
on (onto) the edge	oykiˑn	sv; Also oliˑn sv; Also alYn̲ sv; Also aliˑg sv
on (onto) the end	awʼaˑlʼ	sv
on (onto) the female genitals	ew	sv
on (onto) the forehead	aliˑg	sv
on (onto) the head or hair	ačw	sv; Also aqaˑyi̲ʼ sv
on (onto) the lap	aqʼaˑqʼ	sv
on (onto) the male genitals	ayʼasg̣	sv
on (onto) the neck	aqʼaˑqʼ	sv
on (onto) the point	amʼaˑčʼ	sv
on (onto) the very edge	eliˑw	sv
on (onto) top of	wal	S-v sv
on (onto) top of a full load	aptneˑg̣i	sv
on foot	g̣eˑlantga	See g̣eˑla
on one side	Nay	S-l
on the eye, act	čʼiwʼ	-Sv
on the face, act	pʼeqʼ	-Sv sv
on the ground	g̣eˑlant	See g̣eˑla
on the other hand	daˑts	Srp; Also dak Srp
on the stomach, act	bolʼ	-Sv
on top (above)	plen	S-l
on top, be	wal	S-v sv
once	dinʼaˑ	Srt
one	Naˑs	Sa
one-eared	lᵛqʼoˑmi̲ʼdk	See qʼomi̲ʼ
one-eyed, be	sčʼoqʼ	Sv
onion(s)	ʔalyan	S-n
onion(s) (wild)	pni	Sn
only	bil	Sre
only after (only by, upon, until)	čeˑ	Sre
onto. Many morphemes have both a directional and a static locative sense. These have been listed above under “on.”onto again and again, repeatedly	nʼ	sv
ooze out	tʼat	+Sv
open.; See “closing.”open (a door)	kʼaystn̲oˑla	See kʼays
open (the eyes)	qʼlamčʼoˑla	See qʼlamčʼ
open (the vagina)	kʼyeˑwʼ	-Sv
opening the mouth wide	čgačwʼ	sv
order, put in	wlelg̣	Sv
order, to	tbeˑw	Sv
Oregon grape	weLeˑli	Sn
orphan, be	qʼoˑYeˑg	Sv
other (another).; See “one.”other end	doˑg̣eˑni	See doˑ
other side, way	goniˑ	Sl
otter	qʼoLt	Sn
ought to	a̲t	sv
ought to (hope that … )	ʔam	Srp
our	naˑlʼm	See naˑd
out	eqn̲	sv
out (like a light)	pʼačʼ	+Sv sv
out behind	koytʼa	Sl
out from under	oditgoˑl	sv
out of a container	odg	Also oyg̣ag
out of a tree	eqweˑL	sv
out of a tubular obj.	čʼiˑsqʼag	sv; Also očʼiˑpʼ sv
out of fire	oykiˑn	sv
out of sight, be	pʼačʼ	+Sv sv
out of sight (hidden)	ayahʔ	sv
out of water	oyg̣ag	sv; Also oykiˑn sv; Also oyg̣i sv
outdo	win	S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli
outside	g̣anʼiˑ	Sl
outside (action to the outside)	eqn̲	sv
“outside” gesture in the hand game (indicating that the marked bones are in the pattern xoox)	sg̣ečʼn̲a	See sg̣e
outside the door	atʼiˑt	sv
over	oyg̣i	sv
over (above)	blay	Sl
over a mountain	etʼleˑg̣i	sv
over the edge	oliˑn	sv
over the edge, draped	owʼeˑtʼ	sv
over this way	ayʼaˑY	sv
overboard	oliˑn	sv
overflow	qampg̣	Sv
overlook someone	lesmʼ	Sv
overtake	pinoˑ	S-v
overturn	sdipn	S-v
overturn a canoe	spolʼi̲	S-v; Also he̲sʔᵛebli; See ʔᵛ
owe	sgᵛiwtn̲a	See gᵛ
owl (barn owl)	pʼeˑhʔ	-S-n
owl (horned owl)	mokʼ	S-n
owl (small sp.)	g̣aˑlʼ	S-n
own land	g̣eˑlaa̲la	See g̣eˑla
pace (horse), to	wilitgiʼ	Sv
pace (lope, tiptoe), to	ltig̓	Sv
pack (a load) on the back	me	S-v
pack basket	yʼagi	Sn
pack into a ball	qpʼalʼ	Sv
paddle (a boat).; See “canoe, act upon a.”paddle (canoe)	qčʼik	Sn
paddle (as a waterfowl), to	sčʼol	S-v
pain, have	mʼaˑsi̲ʼ	Sv
pain in the side, have	kʼastʼ	Sv
paint (red)	g̣lepkʼi	Sn
paint (red, made of fungus)	waˑgin	S-n
paint (smear), to	twaˑqʼ	Sv
paint (smear on with a round obj., as a brush)	lᵛtčʼoˑsa	See tčʼoˑs
paint (smear on with the hands)	dᵛtčʼoˑsa	See tčʼoˑs
paint (the face)	lʼoˑmi̲ʼ	-Sv
pair	ʔibg	S-n
Paiute	saˑd	Sn
palate	dangač	Sn
pancake	ntitʼLa̲s	See titʼ
pant for breath	kespʼ	Sv
pants, wear	qʼaylaˑlb	Sv
paper	beyba	Sn
parch (wokas)	snab	Sv; Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa; See sʔoˑ
pare (the fingernails)	r̲e̲se̲qdᵛoliˑna	See qdᵛ
parent-in-law (woman’s)	totqʼ	-S-n
parents	se̲qoyg̣aˑʼs	See qoyg̣
parents-in-law (man’s), act with	wg̣oˑ	S-v
parents-in-law (woman’s), act with	qoˑs	S-v
parley, to	Waldga	See Wal
part (the hair), to	se̲pčikʼdg̣a	See pčikʼ
[participial:] having done …	ank	sv
[partitive:] from, a piece of	tiˑ	sn sp sd sa
passionate, feel (man)	g̣oˑyʼi̲	Sv
passionate, feel (woman)	lmoY	Sv
[past noun]	w	sv
[past stative:] in a state resulting from an action now completed	odg	sv
pasture, to	pʼań̲wa	See pʼań̲
pat (as in the sweathouse to bring out sweat on one’s body)	tʼapʼ	-Sv
patch, to	nᵉakʼya	See nᵉ and akʼy
pay, to	sqoq	S-v
pea	libwa	-S-n
peck, to	kʼaWʼ	Sv
peddler	ʔittalys	See attal
peddling	attal	sv
peel (bark), to	woliˑna	See w
peel off (an outer layer), to	čʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
peeling	čʼeL	S-n
[pejorative:] ruined, entirely, hopelessly	all	sv
pelican	koml	Sn; Also yaml Sn
pen (or pencil)	somʼalwʼoˑts	See somʼalwʼ
pendant	se̲lᵛowʼeˑtʼs	See lᵛ
penis	g̣eq	Sn
penis, act with the	sgᵛ	S-v (cl.).
people	maqlag̣	S-n
people from	kniˑ	sn sp sd sa sl
perform an action once	oga̲	-Sv
perhaps	ʔaMkʼa	Srp; Also ʔak Srp
perhaps (either … or)	wag̣eˑnha	Srp
periwinkle	goʔoˑyʼa	S-n
permit, to	weˑwl̓	Sv
person	maqlag̣	S-n
pestle	gaˑmoˑts	See gaˑm; Also gaˑmkʼys; See gaˑm
pet (domesticated animal)	wač	Sn
phlegm, have	loˑqoˑqw̓	Sv
photograph, take	sʔodeˑtn̲a	See sʔ
pick (berries)	loykʼ	Sv; Also ʔisga; See osg
pick (one’s teeth)	he̲sqačʼaˑy̓a	See qa
pick (wokas)	r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga	See lᵛ
pick out. See	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
picking up	adgl	sv
picking up (raising)	oyeˑg	sv
picture	pikča	Sn
pieces, be in	tʼekʼ	+Sv
pierce	kᵛeqn̲a	See kᵛ; See also “puncture.”
pig	goso	Sn
pig-a-back, carry	dawaˑqʼy	Sv
pile (as a cairn), to	swʼaˑlʼ	Sv
pile (as coals)	sdoy	S-v
pile (as logs, brush), to	sqečʼ	S-v
pile (make a mound), to	sqoy	S-v
pile (objs. on top of one another), to	se̲ʔiwlyeˑga	See wal
pile, on a	ikL	sv
pile, on top of a	aptneˑg̣i	sv
pillow, be a	sʔolh	Sv
pin, to	patʼ	-Sv
pincers (for hot iron; pliers)	sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts	See čʼlᵉ; Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ
pince;s (of a crawfish)	čʼliga̲oˑts	See čʼlᵉ; Also čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ
pinch, to	čʼliga̲a	See čʼlᵉ
pinch (as a tight shoe), to	tʼay	-Sv
pinch (catch between two surfaces), to	čay̓	-Sv
pine (jackpine or “bull-pine”)	g̣apg̣a	Sn
pine (lodgepole pine)	waˑko	Sn
pine (ponderosa pine)	g̣oˑ	S-n
pine (sugar pine)	qdeˑLo	Sn
pine (white pine)	baˑ	Sn
pine (yellow pine—or possibly a sp. of fir?)	liwl	-S-n
pine cone	čagaˑl	-S-n
pine gum	lalaˑqʼo	Sn
pine gum (from the sugar pine; eaten)	čačablo	Sn
pine marten	peˑp	Sn
pine needle(s)	sbaˑMi	Sn
pine needle cluster or whorl	bosq	S-n
pine nut	qdeˑLo	Sn
pipe	pʼag̣s	See pʼag̣
pipe, act upon a	sdᵛ	S-v (cl.).
pistol	sikʼnitg	S-n
Pit River (people and area)	moˑwa̲twaˑs	See moˑwa̲
pitch	sdiyʼa	Sn
pitch, smear on (as a sign of mourning)	pʼloˑqʼ	Sv
pitch-wood	qačʼn	Sn
pitter-patter (as the heart)	kʼaw̓	Sv
pity, to	yo	S-v
place names: these are listed in order of their English translations (and the translations are those given by the informants with very slight editing). Items for which no translation was obtained are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the section. A numeral indicates that the place is shown on the map found in the volume containing the Texts. and information about that place will be given in the accompanying Key. Descriptive material will be thus given here only for places not shown on the map. Places which are names of tribal groups are not listed here but will be found below under “tribal names.”“Above”	blay	The town of Bligh. Sl
“All-along-the-Top”	ʔiWr̲LWn̲nʼa	See ʔiW Klamath Falls. 100.
“Among-the-Bushes”	ʔiWqaˑyi̲ʼa	See ʔiW 131
“Apparition-Place”	he̲ssleˑks	See sleʔ 109
“Around-the-Neck”	ʔiWqʼaˑqʼ	See ʔiW Fort Klamath. 159.
“Around-the-Neck-River”	ʔiWqʼaˑqʼnʼi g̣og̣e	See ʔiW Wood River. 154.
“At-Round-Object-on-the-End”	lᵛawʼaˑlʼsd̲at	See lᵛ 68
“Badger-Standing-in-Water”	kols tgᵛews	See tgᵛ 49
“Badger’s-Place”	kolsʔmksi	See kol 36
“Bald-Eagle’s-Place”	yawqʼlmksi	See yawqʼl 71
“Ball-Court”	se̲qʼawehʔkʼys	A flat area at Crater Lake; see Text 10.; See qʼaw̓
“Bear’s-Place”	witʼeˑmʔmksi	See witʼeˑm 50
“Berry (sp.)-Place”	čʼayangsdi	See čʼayang 110
“Big-Space-Around”	moˑ ginkangs	See gin 69
“Bird-Lookout”	čʼikʼs waLg̣kʼys	See waLg̣ 9
“Bird’s (sp.)-Home”	qawdoˑgiˑsm čiˑs	See qawdoˑgiˑ 157
“Blackbird-Standing-on-Top”	čʼeg̣s dᵛawls	See dᵛ 117
“Blow- Through- Place”	wisg̣n̲di	See wi 67
“Blueberry-Place”	qʼlaˑǰksi	See qlaˑǰ 5
“Boiling-out”	ditqʼags	See di 85
“Bridge-Place”	slan̲kʼwsksi	See slan̲ 54
“Bubble-up-Place”	sčʼolʼksi	See sčʼolʼ 66
“Bullhead’s-Well”	kʼoččʼalm sʔilgs	See sʔilg Location never elicited.
“Bull-Snake’s-Nest”	wamnagsʔm waˑs	See wamnag An island where the Williamson River Road joins the road from Chiloquin.
“Burying-Place”	pʼnan̲ksi	See pʼnan̲ 59
“Cache-Place”	wog̣sdi	See wog̣ 60
“Canoe-Dredged-up”	sg̣ᵛotqʼags	See sg̣ᵛ No location obtainable.
“Carry-Crow-up-The-Hillside”	g̣aˑg̣s ksᵛawlyeˑgs	See ksᵛ 8
“Carrying-on-One’s-Shoulders”	he̲sčʼikʼwaleˑʼs	See sčʼikʼwal Mount Thielsen.
“Cave-Place”	g̣omeˑksi	See g̣ome 29
“Chalk-Place”	lobg̣sksi	See lobg̣ Apparently not the same as the next entry, but no location recorded.
“Chalk-Place”	lobg̣sr̲r̲ksi	See lobg̣ 26
“Charcoal-Lake”	lkʼom ʔews	See lkʼom 14
“Chickadee-Place”	čʼisg̣iˑg̣s	See čʼisg̣iˑg̣i One mile below the hatchery on Crooked Creek.
“Clam-Eating”	g̣leˑčʼpʼań̲kʼys	See pʼań̲ 43
“Cottonwood-Place”	wlalksi	See wlal 139
“Cough’s-Spitting-on”	ʔoqsoʼsʔm sloqʼtn̲ys	See ʔoqsoʼ 28
“Crawfish-Crawling-up”	g̣oyʼalm sg̣eyg̣s	See sg̣e 51
“Cut-on-Top-Place”	qdᵛawldi	See qdᵛ 58
“Diaphragm-Burnt-Through”	pʼaws nᵛkekʼs	See nᵛ Mount Harrison. Named after a man who went there on a power quest and returned able to utter only these words.
“Dogs’-Place”	r̲e̲wač̓aˑkʼlmksi	See wač 150
“Down-Away”	ʔiWdbn̲lʼg̣a	See ʔiW Spring at the head of Crystal Creek. Translation dubious.
“Dry-on-Top”	mpʼaqʼwls	See mpʼaqʼ 95
“Eat-First-Place”	sniWaˑdglsi	See sni 18
“Excrement-Falling-up-out”	sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags	See w A place near the Wolf Ranch, where evil-smelling volcanic mud boils up and falls on the ground.
“Falling-Downhill”	weqweˑLs	See w 103
“Fishnet-Stands-on”	wlo ksᵛikLs	See ksᵛ No location obtainable.
“Flint-Place”	mbosagsawaˑs	See mbosag The town of Chiloquin. 40.
“Going-Across-with-the-Fin-Showing”	čʼinkʼws	See čʼin 65
“Grass-Place”	ksonksi	See kson 93
“Grave-Place”	spinoˑksi	See spinoˑ 63
“Hang-around-the-Neck-Place”	waqʼaˑqʼksi	See w 123
“Hawk-Sitting-in-Water”	ndoga̲s čᵛewys	See čᵛ No location obtainable.
“Head-Place”	nʼosksi	See nʼo 17
“Hehǰiˑʔas’-Place”	hehǰiˑʼsmksi	See hehǰiˑʼ 31
“Herd-Going-to-the-End”	čᵛabaˑni	See čᵛ 13
“Heron-Sitting-on-Top”	r̲é̲r̲qʼaˑhʔsʔm čᵛikLs	See čᵛ A mountain on the boundary of the old Reservation.
“Hole-Through-Rocks”	qday ginqn̲ys	See gin 99
“Hollow-on-Top”	r̲é̲r̲g̣oM̓lʼi	See g̣oM̓ Goosenest Mountain.
“Horse-Place”	wačksi	See wač 34 and 124.
“Huckleberry-Place”	ʔiwmg̣eˑni	See ʔiwm Huckleberry Mountain.
“In-the-Berries (sp.)”	čʼayangsd̲at	See čʼayang 151
“In-the-Spring”	g̣awmd̲at	See g̣awm 84
“Is-Inside”	ʔiWLy	See ʔiW 92
“Island-Place”	ʔawalwsg̣eˑni	See ʔawalw 7
“Jumping-over-for-Fun-Place”	se̲hod̲yg̣ieˑʼks	See hod̲ 79
“Kom-Sitting-in-Water”	kom čᵛewys	See čᵛ No location obtainable.
“Knotted-in-Water”	wqʼotʼwas	See qʼotʼ Buck Island. 89.
“Lake”	ʔews	See ʔew Klamath Lake.
“Lake-Place”	ʔewksi	See ʔew The Klamath Marsh.
“Land-Place”	g̣eˑlaa̲lks	See g̣eˑla 120
“Limbs-Stick-out-of-Water”	weq sqatqʼags	See qa 23
“Little-Alders-Place”	r̲e̲ʼwibl̓aˑkʼs	See wibl 57
“Little-Boy-Lying-on-the-Hillside”	čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼ ksᵛalamns	See ksᵛ 114
“Little-Boy’s-Place”	čʼaˑg̣iʼaˑkʼimksi	See čaˑg̣i 125
“Little-Caves-Place”	r̲e̲g̣om̓aˑkʼksi	See g̣ome 30
“Little-Cottonwoods-Place”	r̲r̲e̲wlal̓aˑkʼs	See wlal 139
“Little-Ears-Place”	r̲e̲wʼawʼaˑqkʼalmksi	See wʼawʼaˑq 87
“Little-Hill-Place”	lalli̲ʼ̓aˑkʼs	See lalli̲ʼ 11
“Little-Mountain-Place”	yʼaynʼaʼaˑkʼs	See yʼaynʼa 148
“Little-old-Lady’s-Well”	weleˑqʼ̓aˑkʼlm sʔilgs	See sʔilg 141
“Little-Pine-Place”	g̣apg̣aʼaˑkʼksi	See g̣apg̣a 3
“Little-Plain-Lying-in-the-Way”	saˑykʼaʼaˑkʼ nᵉeqʼys	See nᵉ 52
“Little-Rapids-Place”	diwiˑʼaˑkʼs	See di 82 and 96.
“Little-Rivers-Place”	r̲e̲g̣og̣̓aˑkʼksi	See g̣og̣e 32
“Little-Sand-Place”	g̣law̓aˑkʼksi	See g̣law 142
“Little-Willows-in-a-Group-along-the-Edge”	r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼa liwykiˑns	See liw 73
“Little-Willows-Place”	r̲e̲ʼyaˑkʼar̲r̲ksi	See yaˑ 143
“Little-Winter-House”	loldm̓a̲llʼg̣kʼa	See loldm 61
“Lizards-Poured-out-on”	qiˑʔa g̣itʼLa̲s	See g̣itʼ 53
“Lodgepole-Pine-on-the-Very-Edge”	waˑko ʔiwliˑwa	See ʔiW 156
“Long-Object-in-the-Sun-Place”	ʔᵛatʼaˑwi̲ʼks	See ʔᵛ 46
“Medicine-Getting-Place”	yawg̣sa̲lks	See yawg̣ 28
“Mound-in-Water”	sqoyws	See sqoy 134
“Mountain-Place”	yʼaynʼaks	See yʼaynʼa Yainax.
“Mouth-Place”	somdi	See som 15
“Muledeer’s-Wading-out”	baˑg̣oˑlsm banyg̣is	See ban 74
“Mullet-Eating”	tlag̣s pʼań̲kʼys	See pʼań̲ 128
“Mullet (sp.)-Killing-Place”	histʼyys lwelks	See lwel Summer Lake Ridge, near Beatty; a place on the old Reservation boundary.
“Netting-Place”	dekčnʼks	See dek Skillethandle Point. 108.
“Nettle-Cord-Place”	sleˑčʼsksi	See sleˑčʼ 136
“On-the-End”	ʔiWwʼaˑlʼa	See ʔiW 4
“On-the-South-Side”	moˑwa̲kstʼa	See moˑwa̲ 64
“On-the-Very-Edge”	ʔiwliˑwa	See ʔiW 80
“Otter’s-Den”	qʼoLtʔm waˑs	See qʼoLt 45
“Owl’s-Nest”	mokʼsʔm waˑs	See mokʼ A place south of Chiloquin, near the new Johns Manville plant.
“Owl’s-Place”	mokʼsʔmksi	See mokʼ A place on the Wolf Ranch, near sqʼeń̲s r̲e̲ʼwotqʼags
“Piled-up-Place”	swʼaˑlʼsg̣eˑn	See swʼaˑlʼ A place on the Klamath Marsh where there was a large cairn.
“Plant(sp.)-Place”	čapdi	See čap No location obtainable.
“Plant(sp.): Artemisia tridentata Nutt.)-Place”	qbolWiʔmg̣eˑni	See bolWi 24
“Plural-Objects-in-Water”	ʔiwa	See ʔi Summer Lake.
“Poured-up-on-Shore”	g̣itʼbaˑtn̲čks	See g̣itʼ 98
“Projecting-on-the-End”	stakmʼaˑčʼ	See stak Eagle Point. 118.
“Propped-up-against”	ʔiWawnʼa̲a	See ʔiW 97
“Rattlesnake-Cut-in-Two”	qʔis yᵛgatʼs	See yᵛ 145
“Red-Place”	r̲é̲r̲taklʼisksi	See tak A mountain near Silver Lake, towards Yamsay.
“Right-up-against”	ʔiWbaˑtn̲nʼa	See ʔiW 106
“Ringing-Instrument”	nr̲é̲r̲ǰaqʼkʼys	See ǰaqʼ 111
“Roasting-Place”	noˑg̣a̲lks	See noˑg̣ 113
“Rock-Nest”	qdaywaˑs	See qday 2
“Rock-Place”	qdaydi	See qday 42
“Rock-Place”	qdayksi	See qday 78
“Round-Object-in-Water-Place”	lᵛewsi	See lᵛ 104
“Round-Object-on-the-End”	lᵛamʼaˑčʼ	See lᵛ 90
“Salmon’s-Place”	čʼiyaˑlʼsʔmksi	See čʼiyaˑlʼ 72
“Serviceberry-on-the-Bank”	čag lᵛaliˑgs	See lᵛ 121
“Serviceberry-on-the-Hillside”	čag lᵛalamns	See lᵛ 137
“Serviceberry-Place”	čagg̣eˑni	See čag Rogue River.
“Serviceberry-Place”	čagdi	See čag A place below Saddle Mountain.
“Sharp-on-the-End”	kalwʼaˑlʼ	See kal Algoma. 88.
“Sharp-One”	daqʼnʼi	See daqʼ 39
“Sharpening-Instrument”	ʔᵛqʼečʼsa̲lkʼys	See qʼečʼ 19
“Shasta-Standing-on-the-End”	sesti tgᵛawʼaˑlʼs	See tgᵛ Squaw Point. 112.
“Snake’s-Lying-in-Water”	wisingm dinws	See din 12
“Snipe-Place”	nʼaˑtʼaksi	See nʼaˑtʼa 35
“Spread-out-in-Water”	hiwws	See hiw 75
“Spring-Place”	g̣awmg̣eˑni	See g̣awm 37
“Spring-Place”	g̣awmr̲r̲ksi	See g̣awm 130
“Sqamdi’s-Den”	sqamdiwaˑs	See sqamdi 20
“Standing-on-the-Bank”	dᵛaliˑgs	See dᵛ 25
“Star’s-Fall”	qčoˑlʔm ntʼiwlʼg̣s	See ntʼiw 119
“Star’s-Plain”	qčoˑlʔm saˑykʼa	See saˑykʼa LaPine.
“Striped-Rocks-Place”	balaˑwʼsksi	See balaˑwʼ A place to the north of Crater Lake and a boundary marker of the old Reservation. Rock formations at this place are in the form of vertically striated bluffs, almost like pillars.
“Sucker’s-Going-up-out”	čʼomsʔm gᵛotqʼags	See gᵛ 16
“Sunrise”	niˑLg̣s	See niˑLg̣ 86
“Sunset-Place”	dinneˑgksi	See din 132
“Swan-Place”	g̣osksi	See g̣o 38
“Swan’s-Going-up-out”	g̣osʔm gᵛotqʼags	See gᵛ 21
“Taking-out-of-Water-with-a-Pointed-Instrument”	kᵛiwykiˑns	See kᵛ 33
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-in-Water”	tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛews	See ksᵛ 152
“Tgolʼoˑts’-Lying-Underneath”	tgolʼoˑtsʔm ksᵛodiˑlks	See ksᵛ 155
“Tracking-Over”	g̣wen̲pʼleˑg̣is	See g̣wen̲ l49.
“Tree’s-Extending-out”	g̣oˑsʔm wqiws	See wqiw A place below Lang’s Ranch, near the Williamson River Cemetery.
“Trees-Growing-out-in-a-Line”	g̣oˑs waˑmykiˑns	See waˑm The Williamson River Cemetery. Possibly the same as the last above?
“Trees-Standing-in-a-Group-on-the-Edge”	g̣oˑs liwliˑgs	See liw 140
“West-Side”	tg̣almakstʼa	See tg̣alm 41
“Where-It-Is-Clear”	r̲é̲r̲yallʼant	See yal Spring Creek. 22.
“Where-It-Is-Rough”	r̲é̲ˑr̲qeˑY̓lʼant	See qeY̓ 115
“Wild-Parsnips-among-(Rocks)”	skʼawangs lᵛakʼčʼwys	See lᵛ 133
“Willow-beside-the-Edge”	yaˑs ksᵛelwys	See ksᵛ 55
“Willow-on-the-End”	yaˑs ksᵛawʼaˑlʼs	See ksᵛ 77
“Willow-Place”	toqʼsksi	See toqʼ 76 and 146.
“Wokas-Getting-Place”	woksa̲lks	See wok 107
“Yellowhammer-Flying-along-the-Side”	čʼews honlamns	See hon 102
	ʔawsmi	Sn Bare Island. 116.
	bečmi	Sn 62
	r̲é̲r̲čal̓aˑkʼs	See čal 81
	čeˑLg̣sdi	See čeˑLg̣ Saddle Mountain.
	čokʼalws	See čokʼalw 56
	čʼaqʼwi	Sn 48
	čʼniWiˑlʼs	See čʼniˑWiˑlʼ No location obtained.; See Texts, 38.48.
	dokwa	Sn The Mouth of Williamson River. 70.
	doylkʼat	Sn 6
	giˑws	See giˑw Crater Lake
	gombat	Sn Pelican Bay.
	g̣oWasdi	See g̣oWa 144
	g̣welgsdi	See g̣welg Lake of the Woods.
	r̲é̲r̲homsdi	See hom 158
	ǰigyes	See ǰigye 44
	kelms	See kelm Mount Calimus.
	koyLa	Sn Fuego Mountain.
	lalawqʼat	Sn 10l.
	layqʼyaˑmi	Sn Fairchild, California. Possibly not Klamath.
	leqʼmeˑsi	Sn A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath.
	lʼoqoˑgat	Sn 138
	maˑdamsksi	See maˑdam 135
	močʼoˑy̓aˑkʼs	See močʼoˑy 1
	molsi	See mol Said to mean “Black-Swan-Place” (?). 129.
	r̲é̲r̲r̲nenms	See nenm No location obtained. Said to be named after a mythological figure who kept crying /nenam nenam!/ BL thought this meant “Up! Up!” The myth is given by Curtin (1912).
	paksa	Sn Little Wokas Bay.
	qawkʼat	Sn 127
	qʼačwʼeˑč	Sn 27
	qʼaǰi	Sn 122
	sidaygsdi	See sidayg A place at Warmsprings. Possibly not Klamath.
	soˑqetmi	Sn 147
	tanʼaqʼaksi	See tanʼaqʼa 105
	tg̣ablamč	Sn A place supposed to be somewhere on the northern banks of Klamath Lake.
	tʼilkoydi	See tʼilkoy Shoalwater Bay.
	tʼomsandi	See tʼomsan Mount Scott.; Also see waˑlmsiˑni below with the same gloss (?).
	waktalys	See waktal Said to mean “Lodgepole-Pine-Place.” 10.
	watangs	See watang 91
	waˑlmsiˑni	See waˑlm Mount Scott.; See tʼomsandi above with the same gloss (?).
	wilwaldi	See wilmal 83
	wlʼiˑč	Sn 94
place names (concluded)*	yaʼaˑkʼ	See ya 47
	yanaldi	See yanal Agency Hill. 153.
	yʼamsiˑ	See yʼam Yamsay.
place of	di	sn sv
place of	ksi	sv sn sp sd sa sl
place of (region of)	g̣eˑni	sn sl
places (in … places)	ʼaˑs	sa
plain (clearing, open space)	saˑykʼa	Sn
plan, to	newlʼg̣	Sv
planned to do	a̲stg	sv
planning to (intending to)	samni	sv
plant: the following are the names of plants which either have no commonly known English name or which are unidentifiable. These are roughly grouped into: berries, bushes, grasses, reeds. roots, and miscellaneous-unidentifiable. The author’s unfamiliarity with plant taxonomy renders this list liable to error.berries:berry (sp. called “bearberry” by informants)	čʼmoLq	Sn
berry (unknown sp. of edible red berry)	r̲r̲e̲sčoqʼoˑlysʔm	See sčoqʼy
blueberry (Lonicera conjugalis)	ʔod	S-n
blueberry (sp.)	baˑw	-S-n
blueberry (sp.)	qʼlaˑǰ	Sn
currant	čʼomsqʼ	S-n
serviceberry (also called “saugusberry”)	čag	Sn
thimbleberry	r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm	(Rubus parviflorus Nutt.).; See qam The same (or another similar sp. ?) is also called r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm; See čʼoli̲ʼ
“thornberry” (also called “willowberry”)	čʼayang	S-n
bushes, flowering plants, sagebrushesplant (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.)	bolWi	Sn
plant (Chrysothamnus bloomeri Grey)	waˑMi	Sn
plant (Compositae, sp.)	waL	-S-n
plant (Kunzia tridentata).	ǰag̣lo	Sn
plant (sp. bush)	čʼomčʼaq	Sn
plant (sp. bush)	qʼow	-S-n
plant (sp. flowering plant)	ʔoˑlʼsʔm bonws	See ʔoˑlʼ
plant (sp. sagebrush)	česleyn	-S-n
plant (sp. sagebrush similar to Artemisia tridentata)	kʼat	Sn
plant (sp. similar to wild parsnip)	g̣oˑd	-S-n
grasses, seedsplant (Balsamorrhiza sagittata)	lba	Sn
plant (Equisetum hyemale L.)	wačakw	S-n
plant (Glycerinus, sp., or Agrostis perennans)	notak	Sn
plant (marsh weed)	g̣odaˑ	Sn
plant (mustard seed: Sisymbrium incisum Engelm.)	čʼipʼ	Sv
plant (mustard seed. sp.)	wisingʔm čʼipʼs	See čʼipʼ
plant (rye grass: Elymus condensatus Presl.)	g̣leˑpi	Sn
plant (squaw grass: Xerophyllum tenax)	ʔepat	Sn
plant names (continued)grasses, seeds (continued)plant (swordgrass, sp.)	beˑnhi	Sn
plant (swordgrass, sp.)	čaw	-S-n
reedsreed (burr-reed)	wčaq	Sn
reed (Juncus balticus Willd.)	čʼnaw	Sn
reed (Phragmites phragmites)	saˑl	Sn
reed (Phragmites. sp.)	tg̣ap	Sn
reed (Rumex geyeri or R. paucifolius Nutt.)	g̣naˑwat	Sn
roots, tubersroot (Angelico)	ma	S-n
root (Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl.)	yan	S-n
root (Carum gairdneri)	ndalk	Sn
root (Carum oregonum Wats.)	g̣eˑ	S-n
root (Camassia esculenta)	bog̣s	See bog̣
root (death camas)	sgaw	Sn
root (Gatschet gives Pencedanum ambiguum; Kouse cogswellia utriculata (Nutt.) Jones; sp. identified by LK as either Lomantium canbyi C. and R. or Lomantium piperi C. and R.)	leY	S-n
root (Sium cicutaefolium Gmel.)	wqam	Sn
root (sp. unknown)	mag̣iˑp	Sn
root (sp. unknown)	dawiˑq	S-n
root (sp. unknown)	g̣itnʼa	-S-n
root (sp. unknown)	qlanʼe	Sn
root (sp. unknown)	qlo	Sn
root (sp. unknown)	tʼaks	S-n
root (sp. unknown)	waˑl	Sn
root (wild potato: Gatschet gives Sagittaria sagittifolia or Sagittaria variabilis; Sagittaria latifolia)	čwa	Sn
root (Valeriana)	kʼoˑl	Sn
miscellaneous-unidentifiableplant (sp. similar to wokas)	čyaˑw	S-n
plant (sp. unknown)	ʔot	S-n
plant (sp. unknown)	čap	Sn
plant (sp. unknown)	non	S-n
plant (a crop)	he̲swaˑ	See waˑ
plate (dish)	sapLs	See sapL
plate, act upon a	sʔoˑ	S-v
plateau	knaˑt	Sn
play, to	leˑwʼ	Sv
play a flute	slʼoˑlwʼ	Sv
play a joke	gmay	Sv
play a rattle	ʔoloˑkʼ	Sv
play cards	ligal gi	See ligal
play catch	se̲qʼawehʔa	See qʼaw̓
play pool	landoˑʼ	Sv
play possum	pʼeˑhǰiˑʼ	Sv
play, the handgame	nayatʼiˑya	Sv Sn
play tug-of-war	he̲spidg̣leˑʼa	See spi
playing (in competition)	eˑʼ	sv
playing cards	ligal	Sn
please … ! ([polite imperative))	ang	sv
pleased, be	dičʼeˑwi̲ʼa	See dičʼ and eˑwi̲ʼ
plot against	newlʼg̣tn̲a	See newlʼg̣
plow, to	sbᵛtʼoˑyi̲ʼa	See sbᵛ
pluck (a bird)	oLqʼ	sv
plug up	stʼil	S-v
plugging up (closing, shutting)	akʼy	sv
plum (wild plum)	dmolo	Sn
plume	sdᵛotn̲ys	See dᵛ
plural objects, act upon	ʔi	S-v (cl.).
plural, action upon ([intensive, action upon plural objects])	ˑ	sv
pocket	payaˑqʼo	Sn
pocket, in a	akʼčʼwy	sv
pocketknife	qʼosapʼ	S-n
pod	čʼiLq	Sn
point, on the	amʼaˑčʼ	sv
point, to	g̣in	S-v; Also sqol S-v
point (in the handgame, indicating the position of the hidden bones), to	spel	S-v
point out (show)	ʔalaˑY	Sv
pointed instrument, act with a	kᵛ	S-v (cl.).
pointed instrument, act with a (stabbing, spearing)	s	S-v (cl.).
pointed object, act with a	sqol	S-v
poison, to	spʼaw	S-v
poison oak	čʼimtʼsm	See čʼi; Also r̲e̲čʼibqʼsm; See čʼi
poke with a pointed instrument	kᵛ	S-v (cl.).
poker (for fire)	qba	Sn
pole	waL	S-n
pole (fishing)	wqa	Sn; Also swʼᵛewoˑts; See swʼᵛ
police	poliˑ	S-n
policeman	r̲r̲e̲snʼog̣ys	See snʼog̣
pond lily: “wokas”	wok	S-n Further English entries having to do with this common food plant will be found under “wokas.”
pond lily (sp. similar to wokas)	čʼiniˑqʼ	S-n
pool (deep spring)	welw	S-n
pool, play	landoˑʼ	Sv
poor	r̲e̲ʼyolʼg̣spči	See yo
poor (thin, unhealthy), be	sʔoysʔ	Sv
pop, to	nčʼiw	S-v
porcupine	čeˑl	S-n
porcupine needles	smaˑy	Sn
[possessive]	ʔm	sn sp sd sa sl
[possessive theme formant]	dan	sp
post (roof-support)	sčaw	S-n
pot	čʼikʼaˑyi̲ʼoˑts	See čʼi
pot (iron kettle)	liLpʼ	S-n
potato	čwa	Sn
poultice	doˑtn̲ys	See doˑ
pounce on	delwg	Sv
pound, to	qʼečʼ	-Sv
pound down (tamp)	din	-Sv
pound into a compact mass	qičʼ	-Sv
pound with a fist or foot	kt	S-v (cl.).
pound with a long instrument	w	S-v (cl.).
pound with a round instrument	n	S-v (cl.).
pour	g̣itʼ	S-v (cl.).
pout	wbelqʼ	Sv
pout (have naturally protruding lips)	wloq	S-v
powerful, be	g̣illi̲ʼ	Sv
power-quest, perform	spodw	Sv
prairie (open space, clearing)	saˑykʼa	Sn
prairie dog	msa	S-n
prayer	pleya	Sn
preacher	priˑča	Sn
precipice	Wal	S-n
pregnant, be	kosl̓	Sv
pregnancy spots, have	snakʼl	Sv
premonition, have (be an omen)	tg̣otg̣	Sv
premonition in a dream. have (?)	tʼn̲	sv
pretty	dičʼiˑkʼaˑni	See dičʼ
pretty, be	ǰleˑkʼ	Sv
prick (thorn), to	kčʼen̲	Sv
prickle (as when one’s foot goes to sleep)	toy̓	Sv
prickle (feel something sharp)	lʔekʼ	Sv
prickly, be	Lopʼ	+Sv
prisoner	sponLydk	See spon
prisoners	ʔiLydk	See oLy
privy	lačʼkʼa	See lačʼ
prod in the ribs	sǰiqʼa	See ǰiqʼ
prohibit (forbid)	hiwsg	Sv
prohibit (warn)	r̲e̲woytn̲bga	See woy
project, to	sqačʼ	S-v
project in a grove	witʼ	S-v
project in a line	waˑm	S-v (cl.).; Also lčʼi S-v
project out onto a plain	wqiw	Sv sv
project to a point	stak	S-v
promise, to	ʔapʔo	S-v
prone obj., act upon a	doˑ	S-v
pronged or heavy obj., act upon a	qa	S-v (cl.).
prop up underneath	sdᵛodiˑla	See dᵛ
proper names: these are alphabetized according to their English translation (quite makeshift in many cases) in four major sections: mythological characters (and cf. under “mythological animals” as well), men’s proper names, women’s proper names. and animals’ proper names.proper names—mythological characters: These are divided on the basis of their occurrence in the accompanying Texts into major characters, subsidiary characters. and minor characters. Many more common nouns also occur as the names of myth beings (e.g., such important figures as	/čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/	“Little Boy”), but they are not found in any of the author’s texts and so are not included here. A few names which do not occur in the Texts but which have no common noun meaning (i.e., function only as “proper names”) are added here. Text references follow each entry wherever possible. It should be noted that the present division into major, subsidiary. and minor characters is based solely upon the occurrence of these figures in the author’s texts; in the totality of Klamath mythology the status of many of these beings would almost certainly have to be changed.
Major charactersBald Eagle	yawqʼl	Sn 15
Black Bear	witʼeˑm	Sn 1
Coyote	wʼa	S-n Or kʼolyʼaˑ Sn 2, 3, 13, 16.
Fish-hawk	dogwʼ	-S-n 15
Hidden-One	ʔaysis	See ʔaysi 4.272 ff.
Pelican	koml	Sn 5.87 ff., 15, 16.
Porcupine	čeˑl	S-n 3, 4.331 ff.
Skunk	čʼaˑs	S-n 9
Weasel	čʼasgaˑy	Sn 7, 10.
	čečteˑs	S-n 7. (Equated with “Old Mink”).
	gmo	S-n (Gmokʼamʼč). 4.241 ff, 5.57, 6, 11.16 ff, 13.96 ff, 16.39 ff, 17.15 ff, 18.8 ff, 26.60 ff.
	hehǰiˑʼ	S-n (Hehǰiˑʔas). 8.
	sqel	Sn (“Old Marten” or “Old Mink”—not used as a common noun). 10, 18.80.
	swaˑya	Sn 5
Subsidiary charactersAntelope	čew	Sn 1.2 ff, 2.52 ff, 5.59, 10.65, 13.84 ff.
Badger	kol	S-n 2.1 ff.
Buffalo	yohoˑ	Sn 3.4 ff.
Bullhead	kʼoččʼa	Sn 6.2 ff.
Frog	kowʼe	Sn 5.2 ff.
Goose	loˑ	S-n 8
Grizzly Bear	loq	Sn 21.9 ff.
Hat	baˑlʼaˑʼ	S-n 3.76 ff.
Nighthawk	čʼasg̣iˑp	S-n 7, 17.2.
Qawdoˑgiˑs	Birds	qawdoˑgiˑ S-n 11
Thunderbird	r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys	See lmen̲ 13.12 ff.
	leˑw	Sn (The “Leˑw,” a monster dwelling in Crater Lake). 10.55 ff.
	sqamdi	Sn 19
Minor charactersAnt	qʼiMaˑč	Sn 4.328, 5.62.
Awl	saqda	Sn 1.111, 4.147.
Blue Crane.	sʔoˑg̣	S-n 1.135.
Breaking-through-with-Rocks	mbastga nqewi̲ʼYabgs	See qewi̲ʼ 7.20.
Brown-Spots-above-the-Eyes	qʼaWlʼir̲e̲se̲lᵛikLs	See lᵛ 7.13.
Butterfly (sisters)	weq	-Sn 4.314, 4.328.
Chewing-up-Little-Trees	g̣apg̣a g̣wᵛačʼeˑsys	See ačʼeˑs 7.9, 17.6 ff.
Cottonwood	wlal	Sn 13.72.
Crow	g̣aˑg̣	Sn 1.27, 13.4l.
Deer	lilhang	S-n 10.61.
Digging-up-Serviceberries	čag r̲e̲ʼlᵛotqʼags	See lᵛ 7.15.; Also recorded as čag r̲e̲lʼog̣s; See lʼog̣
Dove	ʔoˑlʼ	S-n 10.91.
Dragonfly	qoqding	S-n 5.64 ff.
Flea	kʼotʼ	S-n 5.62
Grasshopper (or Locust)	tʼaˑhʔ	-S-n 4.328 ff.
Little Mudhen	stʼokʼwa	Sn 4.277 ff. Given by PO as “Little Squirrel” (and so recorded in the translation of the Texts) but later corrected by RD to “Little Mudhen.”
Louse	kʼoY	S-n 5.48, 5.62.
Mallard Duck	Weˑg̣	S-n 4.277 ff.
Meadowlark	sqolʼe	Sn 4.38 ff, 4.438 ff.
Mudhen	tʼohoˑ	S-n 4.277.
Ponderosa Pine	g̣oˑ	S-n 2.34.
Rose Bush	čʼwidi	Sn 2.43.
Sagebrush (sp.)	kʼat	Sn 2.38
Sandhill Crane	qʼlidiˑ	S-n 4.277.
Serviceberry	čag	Sn 13.65.
Sky-Roarer	g̣aloˑ qaˑqag̣s	See qaˑqag̣ 7.24, 17.2 ff.
Snipe (Killdeer)	čʼwiˑdidig	S-n 4.55.
Snowbird	čʼikʼaˑ	Sn 4.277.
Snowbrush	r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm	See slʼab 13.55.
Stump	tʼotʼ	S-n 13.48.
Willow	yaˑ	S-n 13.77
	qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ	S-n Said to mean “show-off.”
	tgolʼoˑt	S-n Said to be similar to (or identical with?) /čʼaˑqyʼaˑk/ “Little Boy.”
	yaˑhʔ	-S-n
proper names—men’sBear-Slayer	loq r̲r̲e̲lwelys	See lwel
Big-Old-Knees	r̲e̲qʼolʼančʔmč	See qʼolʼinč
Big-Old-Testicles	r̲r̲e̲slʼolgʔmʼč	See slʼolg
Brown	r̲é̲r̲čʼislʼi	See čʼis
Bucket-Belly	poqʼoˑnkas	See nka
Buttocks-in-the-Face	čʼoqbg̣s	See čʼoq
Hair-Hat	lag̣ čʼoyeˑs	See lag̣
Little Marten	sqel̓aˑkʼ	See sqel
Little Nail	ǰigmin̓aˑkʼ	See ǰigmin
Muddy-Brown-Headed	r̲é̲r̲mʼak nʼos gidk	See mʼak
Night-Wanderer	psin r̲e̲damnoń̲wys	See damnoń̲
Pants-Hanging-Down	nᵉiǰqʼoˑlys	See nᵉ
Sharp-Nose	čaqʼpsis	See čaqʼ
Stingy-with-Trouts’-Eyes	meYsm lolb wiˑčʼigs	See wiˑčʼig
Widower	čimʼandk	See čimʼan
	čiˑloqin	S-n
	čʼopbaq	Sn
	lʼiˑk	-S-n
	tʼak	-S-n
proper names—women’sAwfully-Stupid	qʼapapsys	See paps
Bogeyman-Foot	qoˑʼs peč	See qoˑʼ
Cooler-by-Blowing	snogs	See snog
Little-Fire	lolog̣kʼa	See lolog̣
Lively-One (?)	wčʼeg	S-n
Pig-Eye	goso lolb	See goso
Pig-Tooth	goso dot	See goso
Snipe (Killdeer)	čʼwiˑdidig	S-n
Stella’s-Mother	sdelakʼsa̲b	See kʼis
	sagaˑt	S-n
	sdela	Sn
proper names—animals’Pacer	r̲r̲é̲ˑr̲ltig̓s	See ltig̓ (Dog’s name).
	diˑgi	Sn (Dog’s name).
propped up against	awnʼa̲	sv
prostitute	r̲e̲se̲dᵛewlʼg̣ys	See dᵛ
proud, be	yaˑmi̲ʼ	Sv
prune a tree	gay	-Sv
pubic hair	smʼaˑk	See mʼaˑk
pucker the lips	sdočʼoˑkʼ	Sv
puff the breath (onto a patient in a curing ceremony)	swokʼ	S-v
pull, to	pᵛ	S-v (cl.).
pull a tooth	kʼatʼ	+Sv
pumice	čog̣i	Sn
puncture	kekʼ	-Sv; Also kewi̲ʼ -Sv
puncture (pierce, as the ears)	kᵛeqn̲a	See kᵛ
puncture and peel (with the fingernails)	čʼlidg̣a	See čʼlᵉ
pup (pet name for a dog)	weloč	Sn
pupil of the eye	r̲é̲r̲boslʼi	See bos
purse	waˑg̣ogs	See waˑ
pus	čʼitqʼags	See čʼi; Also mʼolʼs; See mʼolʼ
push, to	ktiwčnʼa	(etc.).; See kt; Also yᵛiwčnʼa (etc.).; See yᵛ
put in order	wlelg̣	Sv
put on (clothes)	lwᵛ	S-v (cl.).; See also under the names of various articles of clothing.
put out a fire	sipč	Sv
putting down	elʼg̣	sv
quail (California quail)	r̲r̲e̲sdᵛawllʼg̣s	See dᵛ
quail (mountain quail)	digaˑgaʼ	S-n
quarrel, to	sasalky	Sv
quarter of a dollar	kwaˑda	Sn
quartz	wqʼa	S-n
question, ask	woln̲	Sv
quickly	balaq	Srt
quickly (fast, violently)	g̣illi̲ʼank	See g̣illi̲ʼ
quiet, be	qap	S-v
quiet (calm), be	tʼaˑm	S-v; Also g̣em S-v
quit	g̣lewy	Sv
quiver	ʔaqaˑwi	sn
quiver (?)	doˑkangs	See doˑ
quiver (skin bag for the bow and arrows)	weg̣eˑp	S-v
quiver (as jelly), to	moY̓	Sv; See also “shiver.”
[quotative]	mat	Srp
rabbit	kay	Sn
rabbit (cottontail)	čʼwakʼna	Sn
rabbit (jackrabbit)	ng̣ol	Sn
rabbit (small sp.)	r̲é̲r̲kʼoY̓s	See kʼoY̓
rabbitskin blanket	qʼalyʼa	Sn
raccoon	wačginʼa	Sn
race, to	soynʼ	Sv
rack (for drying fish)	sbahoˑts	See bah; Also sčokʼlʼg̣s; See sčokʼ
rack (for storage)	g̣eL	S-n
rag	siˑl̓aˑkʼ	See siˑl
rags (to wrap the feet with)	pʼiwg̣	S-n
railroad train	lolog̣s weˑgan	See lolog̣ and weˑgan; Also treyn Sn
rain, to	qdoˑč	Sv
rainbow	wičʼyaq	Sn
raise (a child)	he̲stsiń̲	See tsiń̲
raise (crops)	he̲swaˑ	See waˑ
raising (lifting)	oyeˑg	sv
raising (picking up)	adgl	sv
ramrod	sqolr̲sg̣n̲nʼoˑts	See asg̣n̲
rapids	diwiˑs	See di
rattle (cleft-stick)	ʔoloˑkʼs	See ʔoloˑkʼ
rattle (deer-hoof)	sr̲e̲r̲čaqʼoˑts	See čaqʼ
rattle, to	čaqʼ	Sv
rattles (snake)	sne̲Walwis	See Wal
rattlesnake	qʔi	S-n
raw, be	sang̣i	Sv
razor	se̲ʔᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts	See yʼoqʼ
reach (touch, act with the hand)	das	S-v; Also nʼiq S-v
reach, to	tpek	S-v
reaching (arriving)	adbn̲	sv
read	ʔeˑʔalg̣	Sv
ready, be	mʼolwʼ	Sv
really	ʔeč	Srp
receding hairline, having	r̲r̲e̲stʼaqʼLyykiˑndk	See tʼaqʼ
receive	dekdang̣a	See dek
recently	tʼeyn	Sra
recently (a little while ago)	niˑya	Srt
recognize	qoyg̣	Sv
recognize, not	qayqmʼ	Sv
recover (heal)	wen̲bli	See wen̲
recover consciousness	se̲mčelg̣bli	See mčelg̣
red, be	tak	S-v
reddish, be	ǰoy	S-v
red-hot, be	ǰoyoˑ	S-v
reed: for various spp. see under “plant.” Reeds having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.[referential]	t	sv sn sd sa sl sr
reflect in water	kčalwa	See kčal
reflection	kčalwys	See kčal
[reflexive-reciprocal]	se̲	pv pd pr
region of	g̣eˑni	sn sl
regret, to	Lil	Sv
regret doing	sombal	S-v
rejoice	sidyaykʼ	Sv; Also qʼoyseˑwi̲ʼ Sv
relate (tell)	heseˑks	Sv
relate one’s ailments	soˑwi	Sv
related, be	sʔaˑMkʼ	Sv
relative	sʔaˑMkʼs	See sʔaˑMkʼ
relative whose connection has been broken by the death of an intermediate link (e.g., the brother of one’s deceased wife)	spinwyb	See spinoˑ
release (let go)	deliˑn	Sv
releasing	osg	sv
relieve oneself, go to	gᵛeqn̲ča̲a	See eqn̲
relieve oneself from a canoe	čʼoqliˑna	See čʼoq
remain behind	čᵛalʼaˑlʼbga	See alʼaˑlʼ
remainder	ʔibgčʼn̲a	See ʔi
remaining ([durative])	obg	sv
remaining (in a state resulting from past action: having been … ed)	odg	sv
remember	hoˑskanga	See hosʔ
render grease	sdilʼg̣a	See di
repeatedly in the air	eˑqʼ	sv
replacing	akʼapsdi	sv
report (take news)	sdil	S-v
[reported action]	mat	Srp
rescue, to	lewg	Sv; Also sne̲ʼwibga; See wibg
rest, to	g̣eˑǰigoˑla	See g̣eˑǰig
resurrect	sne̲witn̲bli	See wi
retriever	r̲e̲hod̲wys	See hod̲
returning	ebli	sv
revenge, take	se̲ʼwalg̣a	See walg̣
revive	he̲shoqn̲bli	See hoqn̲; Also sne̲witn̲bli; See wi
revolve	akʼiˑčʼ	sv
rib	laˑl	S-n
rice	r̲e̲mʼolq̓aˑkʼ	See mʼolq
rich (powerful, prestigeful)	lag̣i	Sn Sv
riches	domdwaˑ	See dom and dwaˑ
rickety (swaying), be	čok	S-v
rickety (unstable, loose), be	čey	Sv
ride (a horse)	he̲sg̣isčnʼa	See g̣is; Also he̲shoˑd̲čnʼa; See hoˑd̲
ride (in an automobile, wagon)	lᵛor̲yamna	(etc.).; See lᵛ; Also sdilnčnʼa; See diln
right (side)	steLbg	S-n (?).
right (true)	qadak	Sra
right away	nannwi	sv
right up to	alčʼwy	sv
rim of a basket, make	tʼg̣̓	-Sv (?).
ring (finger)	nʼepsisiˑls	See sisiˑli̲ʼ
ring, to	ǰaqʼ	-Sv
ring, wear	nʼepsisiˑli̲ʼa	See sisiˑli̲ʼ; Also lᵛoLy; See lᵛ; Also lᵛakyamna; See lᵛ
rinse out the mouth	se̲qbᵛočʼkʼa	See qbᵛ
ripe, be	noˑg̣	Sv
ripple, to	lqʼań̲	Sv
rise (sun)	niˑLg̣	Sv; Also dinyg̣i; See din
rising	adgl	sv; Also oyeˑg sv
river	g̣og̣e	Sn
riverbed (dry)	g̣og̣e palwys	See pal
road	sdo	Sn
road, in the	eqʼy	sv
roan-colored (golden-red-brown), be	qas	S-v
roan-colored (light reddish-brown), be	lʼim	S-v
roar (as water, crowd, stampede)	sil̓	Sv
roar (with laughter)	sdoqʼ	Sv
roast, to	noˑg̣̓a̲la	See noˑg̣
roasting (on coals)	aps	sv
roasting (on the fire)	alʼaˑlʼ	sv
roasting stick	sdᵛeLWn̲oˑts	See dᵛ
robin	wisg̣ag̣	Sn
rock	qday	Sn
rock (for cooking)	mba	S-n
rock (heated and put on parts of the body affected by chills, arthritis, etc.)	se̲ʼlᵛelʼg̣s	See lᵛ
rock the body to and fro	swʼinkanga	See wʼin
rocking chair	swʼinkangoˑts	See wʼin
rocky, be	qeY̓	Sv
rodeo	loˑdiˑn	Sn
roe	Loqʼs	See Loqʼ
Rogue River people	čagg̣eˑnkniˑ	See čag
roll (wad up, tangle)	qʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
roll, to	diln	S-v
roll in snow (on the power quest)	lpeʼ	sv
roof	slᵉawls	See slᵉ
root	wewk	Sn
root: for various spp. see under “plant.” Roots having commonly known English names will be found under those headings.rope	qnog̣	S-n
ropelike obj., act upon a	ton	S-v; Also a few forms under nᵉ S-v (cl.).
rose (wild rose)	čʼwidi	Sn
rot (rust, decay)	slʼeqʼ	Sv
rot (spoil, sour)	ntʼopʼ	Sv
rotten wood	molo	Sn
rough terrain, be	qeY̓	Sv
rough up	kʼoˑs	-Sv
round, be	qʼal	S-v
round instrument, act with a	n	S-v (cl.).
round obj., act upon a	lᵛ	S-v (cl.).
round objs. (few), act upon	pew	S-v
row (a boat).; See “canoe, act upon a.”row, in a.; See “line, in a.”row hard	ʔoˑ	S-v
rub off of oneself	se̲ʔidg̣oˑla	See odg̣
rub on (paint on)	tčʼoˑs	-Sv
rub on (pitch, as a sign of mourning)	pʼloˑqʼ	Sv
rub the hands together	se̲dᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa	See qʼoli̲ʼ
rule, make	newlʼg̣	Sv
rumble (as thunder, a noise in the distance)	lil̓	Sv
rumble (stomach)	qol̓	Sv
rump	se̲dᵛikLs	See dᵛ
rumpus, make	qʼeˑli̲ʼ	Sv
run (few; four-legged animal)	wle	S-v
run (pl.)	din	S-v
run (pl.; few)	dos	S-v
run (road)	new	S-v
run (ropelike obj.)	ton	S-v
run (sg.)	hod̲	S-v (cl.).
run aground	ʔᵛawllʼg̣a	See ʔᵛ
run away (flee)	qeˑq	S-v
run away from home	gᵛowqiˑwa	See wqiw
run over (with a wagon, automobile)	lᵛiǰqʼa	See lᵛ
run slowly or purposefully (sg.)	hoˑd̲	S-v (cl.).
rust, to	slʼeqʼ	Sv
rutabaga	taˑsnaˑk	S-n
rye grass	g̣leˑpi	Sn
sack	tʼaˑyʼ	S-n
sack (buckskin sack for storing clothing)	waklo	Sn
sack (gunny sack)	qʼočwʼal	Sn
sack (type)	wilisik	Sn
sack (type having vertical stripes on the edges)	r̲r̲e̲lg̣ᵉamnis	See lg̣ᵉ
sad, be	qʼoyeˑwi̲ʼ a	See qʼoy; See also “mourn” and “regret.”
sad (over an absence), be	lag̣y	Sv
saddle	qakLs	See qa
saddle (old style)	nᵉikLs	See nᵉ
saddle blanket	ʔikLs	See ikL
saddle blanket (old style)	pewL	S-n
saddlesore, have	wen̲La̲a	See wen̲
salmon	čʼiyaˑlʼ	S-n
same	se̲hongpči	See hoˑd
same place	hatkak	Sl
sand	g̣law	S-n
sandal (buckskin), wear	waksna	Sv Sn
sandal (tule)	wipga	Sn
sap (sweet, from deciduous trees)	pʼilings	See pʼiling
Satan	monaˑdalʼkniˑ	See monaˑ
satisfied, be	gᵛiwyʼg̣a	See gᵛ
Saturday	se̲ʔeˑtʼs	See ʔeˑtʼ
saugusberry (serviceberry)	čag	Sn
save (rescue)	sne̲ʼwibga	See wibg
savior	r̲r̲e̲sne̲ʼwibgys	See wibg
saw	slᵛolčʼoˑts	See slᵛ
sawlike obj., act with a	slᵛ	S-v (cl.).
sawmill	slᵛčaˑyi̲ʼs	See slᵛ
say, to	sʔab	Sv
scale (fish)	čʼiLq	Sn
scales	sne̲nqʼiqʼlʼg̣oˑts	See nqʼiqʼ
scar	wen̲lʼg̣bliWiˑs	See wen̲
scared (afraid), be	wos	Sv
scared (startled), be	toqʼ	Sv
scared (terrified), be	sinʼams	S-v
scattering	owi	sv; Also aywwi sv
scavenge	mosʼa̲la	See mos
school	skoˑl	Sn
scissors	sisoˑ	Sn
scorch	nqotʼ..	Sv
scrabble	qaˑčʼ	-Sv
scrape	ᵛqoˑt	-Sv
scrape for grubs	dmey	Sv
scrape for moth chrysalids	byen	Sv
scrape hide	oLqʼ	sv
scrape off	ᵛqitʼ	-Sv
scrape off (a surface)	Lat	-Sv
scrape off (clean off)	qetʼ	-Sv
scrape off (something spilled)	ᵛqičkʼ	-Sv
scrape out	ᵛdoqʼ	-Sv
scraper (deerhorn)	kᵛiwliˑnoˑts	See kᵛ
scraper (for skinning)	nᵉosgoˑts	See nᵉ
scraps of dried fish	noˑg̣sʔm	See noˑg̣
scratch, to	daqč	Sv
scratch (scrabble), to	qaˑčʼ	-Sv
scratch (scribble, sharpen), to	qʼečʼ	-Sv
scratch off	ᵛqitʼ	-Sv
scream, to	pakʼ	Sv
scribble (scratch)	qʼečʼ	-Sv
scribble (mark on)	lʼaˑkʼ	-Sv
scuff (abrade)	klaˑ	S-v
scuff off (a bit of skin, leather)	kleqʼ	S-v
scuff (the feet)	klot	S-v
seagull (large sp.)	qʼatyaˑwʼ	S-n
seagull (large sp.)	kolʔa	Sn
seagull (small sp.)	qʼeˑč	Sn
seagull (smallest sp.)	ʔig	S-n
seal (animal)	walkoy	Sn
search for	g̣aˑykʼ	Sv; Also qmag̣ Sv
season of	ʼeˑmʼi	sn
secret, keep	ʔaysi	Sv
secrete (sap)	pʼiling	Sv
sedge	wičpaˑy	Sn
see, to	sleʔ	Sv
seed	loˑq	Sn
seed pod (winged seed pods of certain trees)	honlʼg̣s	See hon
select. See	aqaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
self	daˑk	Sre
selfish, be	wiˑčʼig	Sv
sell, to	sesadwi	Sv
semen	kʼeˑlʼ	S-n
send (gift, letter)	sne̲gᵛiwčnʼa	See gᵛ
send (message)	noˑ	S-v
send (person)	sgoyw	S-v
separate (from one another)	biˑ	S-v
separate (seeds from pods)	čapʼ	-Sv
separate (seeds from pods: thresh, mash)	qoyi̲ʼ	-Sv
separately	weliˑ	S-l
serve on a tray, plate	sʔoˑwy	See sʔoˑ
serviceberry	čag	sn
set (sun)	noˑli	See noˑ; Also dinneˑga; See din
set a dog upon	ksᵛoga̲tn̲a	See ksᵛ
setting down	elʼg̣	sv
seven	labksept	See laˑb and ksept
seventeen	tewnʼip̓ant labksept	See tewnʼip, laˑb and ksept
seventy	labkseptnʼi tewnʼip	See laˑb, ksept and tewnʼip
sever (pl.)	golčʼ	-Sv
sever (sg.)	gattʼ	+Sv
sever the head	kʼačʼ	-Sv
sew	sqen̲	Sv
shadow	mʼaYs	See mʼaY
shady, be	mʼaY	Sv
shake	swʼᵛ	S-v (cl.).
shake (head)	lᵛr̲e̲r̲pʼeqʼa	See lᵛ and pʼeqʼ
shake all over	peL̓	-Sv
shake off the head	sgičkč	Sv
shake out	čiqʼ	-Sv
shake out (blanket, clothes)	wLičʼ	Sv
shake wokas with live coals on a basket tray	siwy	Sv
shaking forward and backward	ačʼwa	sv
shallow	wikʼaˑ ʔeˑWi̲dk	See ʔeˑWi̲
shaman	qyog̣	S-n
sharp, be	kal	S-v
sharp instrument, act with a	s	S-v (cl.).
sharp-edged, be	daqʼ	Sv
sharpen	qʼečʼ	-Sv
sharp-pointed, be	čaqʼ	+Sv
Shasta	sesti	Sn
shatter (a brittle obj.)	pʼakʼ	+Sv
shatter (a flimsy obj., a brittle obj.)	čewi̲ʼ	-Sv
shatter (a thin surface)	tewi̲ʼ	+Sv
shave	yʼoqʼ	-Sv
shave (wood)	čoˑčlʼ	-Sv
shavings, make	ʔičiˑčʼa	See čičʼ
shawl	he̲slᵉoyg̣s	See slᵉ
shed (a skin, as a snake)	skinčʼiˑsqʼaga	See skin
shed (a winter coat)	čʼiˑl	S-v
shed (hair; moult, become bald)	slʼoqʼ	Sv
sheep	wyʼa	S-n; Also qʼwiˑl Sn
shelf (rack for storage)	g̣eL	S-n
shell (pod)	čʼiLq	Sn
shield	snotʼoˑts	See snotʼ
shinbone	waqkʼ	S-n
shinbone awl	wag̣lw	S-n
shine (glow)	kčal	S-v
shine (moon)	wg̣awʼ	Sv
shingles, make	ʔičiˑčʼa	See čičʼ
shinny-ball	ǰimaˑʼ	S-n
shiny, be	čʼel̓	Sv
shirt	čoLys	See čoLy
shirt (armor)	qaqnʼoˑlʼ	S-n
shirt, wear	čoLy	Sv
shiver (from chills or fear)	neL̓	Sv
shiver (from cold)	dos̓	Sv
shiver (from fatigue or hunger)	Liw̓	Sv
shiver (from palsy or old age)	tʼiw̓	Sv
shiver (like jelly)	moY̓	Sv
shoe, wear	sdiksoˑy̓	Sn Sv
shoestring	he̲sličlʼg̣oˑts	See slič
shoot (a sg. obj.)	sliń̲	Sv
shoot (at a target)	slʼoˑg̣l̓	Sv
shoot (once)	dewy	Sv
shoot (pl. objs.)	nkʼeysʔań̲	Sv
shoot (pl. times)	yʼoˑ	S-v (cl.).
shore, along the	aliˑg	sv; Also oYn̲ sv; Also alYn̲ sv
shore, to the	abaˑtn̲	sv
shore, up on (out of the water)	oykiˑn	sv
short (close, near)	wikʼaˑ	Sl
shot (bullets)	baLaˑ	S-n
shoulder	LapʼakL	S-n
shoulder blade	niˑčg̣	S-n
shoulder blades, place between the	sʔepaqL	S-n; Also se̲dasdg̣ibgs; See das
shout, to	nqen	Sv (cl.).
shovel	keˑčnʼoˑts	See keˑ
show, to	he̲ssleʔa	See sleʔ
show (point out), to	ʔalaˑY	Sv
show-off	qʼaǰičwʼačweˑʼ	S-n
show-off, to	he̲sčaˑndgi	See čaˑn
shuffle	kčečʼ	S-v
shut up!	qʼa pagsdgi!	See pag
shutting	akʼy	sv
shy, be	salkʼy	Sv
sick, be	sill̓	Sv
sick (hurt), be	mʼaˑsi̲ʼ	Sv
side (just under the shortribs)	Leqʼo	-S-n
side (on the …, off the …, etc.).; See “edge.”side, on the … side	ksta	sn sp sd sa sl
sieve	sčiqn̲oˑts	See či
sift	slačʼ	S-v
sifting basket	slačʼqn̲oˑts	See slačʼ
siftings (bits of shell and debris left over from sifting wokas or other seeds)	qaǰiˑʼ	-S-n
sight (of a gun)	sdᵉlawllʼg̣s	See dᵉl; Also dᵉleLWn̲ys; See dᵉl
silent, be	qap	S-v
silk	leswi	Sn
silly, act	qʼeˑlʼi̲	Sv
silly, be	gaykʼ	Sv
similar to (like)	sitk	sre; Also pč sn sp sd sa
sinew	mboyč	Sn
sinew bow-backing	ʔiLWn̲ys	See eLWn̲
sing, to	swin̲	Sv
sink (pl.)	lmeˑlʼg̣a	See lmeˑy
sink (sg.)	mpetʼlʼg̣a	See mpetʼ
sister (man’s elder or younger sister)	tobaks	S-n
sister (woman’s elder sister)	tʼaˑl	-S-n
sister (woman’s younger sister)	tabyʼ	S-n Sl
sister-in-law (man’s brother’s wife; wife’s sister)	molg̣	S-n
sister-in-law (man’s wife’s younger sister)	ksoˑnisga	Sn
sister-in-law (husband’s brother’s wife)	čig̣	-S-n
sister-in-law (woman’s brother’s wife; husband’s sister)	ʔalaˑm	-S-n
sit (pl.)	r̲e̲ʼwaˑbga	(etc.).; See waˑ
sit (sg.)	čᵛ	S-v (cl.).
sit down hard	sčemis	S-v
six	Načksept	See Naˑs and ksept
sixteen	tewnʼip̓ant Načksept	See tewnʼip, Naˑs and ksept
sixty	Načkseptnʼi tewnʼip	See Naˑs, ksept and tewnʼip
skim off	ʔiliˑna	See ʔi
skin	čʼelgs	See čʼelg
skin (cured hide)	mbaw	S-n
skin (uncured hide)	qla	S-n
skin, act on a piece of	bᵛ	S-v (cl.).
skin (roasted skin of birds), eat	čʼelg	Sv
skin an animal	nᵉosga	See nᵉ
skinning scraper	nᵉosgoˑts	See nᵉ
skirt, wear	sčʼiwaˑg	S-v
skunk	čʼaˑs	S-n
skunk cabbage	čʼaˑsysʔm tʼapq	See čʼaˑs and tʼapq
sky	g̣aloˑ	Sn
slacken	sLeg̣oWdgi	See Leg̣oW
slander someone not present	sne̲mačaˑdga	See mačaˑ
slap, to	teWčʼ	-Sv
slap (tap), to	čʼasaqʼ	-Sv
slap on the ear, to	čʼaw	-Sv
slap on the hand, to	tʼaytʼitʼy	-Sv
slap openhanded, to	ʔeqʼ	-Sv
slash open a bulbous round obj.	titʼ	+Sv; Also aLaˑsg̣n̲ sv
slave	loˑg	S-n
sleep, to	qtan̲	Sv
sleet	čaˑy	-S-n
sleet (snow mixed with rain)	gᵛoLqʼs	See gᵛ
slide, to	lwʼič	S-v; Also čᵛ S-v (cl.).; Also kt S-v (cl.).
slide down	oLal	-Sv
slide down a slope	kok	-Sv
slide down on the stomach	wʼinLWn̲čʼn̲a	See wʼin
sliding off a tubular obj.	očʼiˑpʼ	sv
slimy, be	lʼag̓	Sv
sling (or bull-roarer?)	sqiˑwʼ	S-n
slip (and sit down hard)	sčemis	S-v
slip (let something drop)	debl	S-v
slippery, be	čloqʼ	+Sv
slitting open	aLaˑsg̣n̲	sv
slobber, to	weˑčʼ	Sv
slowly	kʼewnʼi	Sra
smack the lips	očʼisg	-Sv
small	kʼeččʼa	Sa; Also nčʼekʼ Sra
small of the back	skʼaˑm	Sn
smart (eyes, lips), to	qiw	Sv
smash (a brittle obj.)	pʼakʼ	+Sv
smash (a flimsy or brittle obj.)	čewi̲ʼ	-Sv
smash (a surface)	tewi̲ʼ	+Sv
smear (color or pitch)	lʼoˑmi̲ʼ	-Sv
smear (paint)	twaˑqʼ	Sv
smear (pitch on the head as a sign of mourning)	pʼloˑqʼ	Sv
smell, to	sdig	Sv (cl.).
smell (have an odor), to	bilwi	Sv
smile, to	mʼotčʼočʼoˑyʼ	Sv
smoke, to	slaˑyg̣	Sv
smoke (a hide)	smoˑlʼ	Sv
smoke (tobacco, a pipe, etc.)	pʼag̣	Sv
smokehole	dᵉleqn̲ks	See dᵉl
smooth, be	čloqʼ	+Sv
snacking (biting, swallowing)	og̣y	sv
snail	qʼawʼ	S-n
snail (slug)	r̲e̲r̲é̲ˑr̲lʼag̓s	See lʼag̓
snake (black snake)	wising	Sn
snake (blue racer snake)	r̲r̲e̲wlaqkangs	See wlaq Or r̲r̲e̲wlaqčis; See wlaq
snake (bull snake)	wamnag	S-n
snake (two-headed)	may	Sn; Also laˑba nʼos gidk; See nʼo; Also biblant nʼosa̲ldk; See biblan and nʼo
snap against (as a branch)	teWčʼ	-Sv
snarl (speak roughly to)	qiWkʼ	Sv
sneeze, to	ʔeččoʼ	Sv
sniff (test a scent)	soqʼ	-Sv
snipe (killdeer)	čʼwiˑdidig	S-n
snipe (Wilson snipe)	nʼaˑtʼa	Sn
snore, to	Loˑqʼ	Sv
snot	sniˑg̣̓s	See sniˑg̣̓
snow, to	ken̲	Sv
snow, in the	awʼiˑn	sv
snowbird	čʼikʼa	Sn
snowbrush	r̲r̲e̲slʼabtn̲ysʔm	See slʼab
snowflakes (big and fluffy)	čʼomsʔm skodas	See čʼom and skod
snowshoe	ni	Sn
so (then, and)	čoy	Srp
soak	tkʼaˑw	S-v
soar	g̣ičʼoˑ	S-v; Also gobal S-v
sob, to	Yakʼ	Sv
soft, be	pčʼoˑqʼ	Sv
soft (flabby, cushiony), be	tʼosqʼ	Sv
soft (fuzzy, linty), be	mʼog̓	Sv
solar plexus	pʼaw	S-n
soldier	soˑlǰa	Sn
soldiers	soˑlǰ	S-n
sole of the foot	tʼag̣aˑq	Sn
some	nanqa	Sa
somehow	waq	Sri
someone	ka	Sd
something	dwaˑ	Sa
sometime	dadaˑ	Sri
sometimes	r̲e̲ditnʼa	See dinʼaˑ
somewhere	d̲at	Sl sn sp sd sa sl
son	wnag	Sn
son (elder)	tg̣eˑwnʼa̲b	See tg̣eˑw
son-in-law	qeˑs	-S-n; Also wg̣oˑbgs; See wg̣oˑ
soon	balaq	Srt
soot	čʼapsg̣iˑ	S-n; Also čʼapkʼeˑk S-n; Also cf. Lapkʼeˑk S-n “ash from a hot fire.”
sop (bread in gravy)	r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲wa	See lᵛ
“soppings”	r̲e̲ʼlᵛer̲ws	See lᵛ
sores, have (?)	mtʼ	-Sv
sorrel (plant)	r̲é̲r̲ǰoylʼi	See ǰoy
so-so	ʔomʼʔamʼs	Sra
sound (make a noise)	Wal	S-v (cl.).
soup, eat	Loˑb̓	Sv
sour (stale), be	mʼeqʼ	Sv
sour (rot, spoil), to	ntʼopʼ	Sv
south	moˑwa̲t	See moˑwa̲
south-east	yeˑwa̲t	See yeˑwa̲
south-west	gobast	S-n
space, be a	gin	S-v
Spaniard	mpetʼkangs	See mpetʼ
spank	teWčʼ	-Sv
spark, to	ǰoyoˑ	S-v
speak	hem	Sv
speak clearly	st	S-v
speak clearly (emphasize)	sdal̓tn̲a	See dal̓
speak roughly	qiWkʼ	Sv
speak to the spirits	he̲shemkanga
See	hem	Also hasaswaˑkʼy Sv
speak with a Modoc accent	goyʼ	Sv
speaking the language of the preceding noun	yal	sv sn
spear (fish spear)	stʼakwʼ	S-n
spear (javelin, for competition)	se̲kten̲eˑʼs	See kt
spear (pronged)	qalʼg̣s	See qa
spear (salmon)	qi	S-n
spear (fish), to	qalʼg̣a	See qa
spectacles	r̲e̲se̲lᵛakʼws	See lᵛ
spider	qʼalǰiǰig	S-n
spinster	siww̓mʼč	See siww
spirit (of the dead)	noˑlis	See noˑ
Spiritland	noˑlisg̣eˑni	See noˑ
“spirit rock”	yadiˑ	S-n
spirited, be	leg	S-v
spit, to	sloqʼ	S-v; Also qbᵛ S-v (cl.).
spit out	Leˑ	-Sv
spit out a seed	dwičqʼ	Sv
spittle	sloˑqʼog	S-n
splash (with a handful of liquid)	qliw	S-v
split, to	čayi̲ʼ	+Sv
split the skull, to	komi̲ʼ	-Sv
split thin, to	čičʼ	-Sv
spoil (food)	qʼoy g̣lega	See g̣leg
spoil (in making)	qʼoy sʔodtʼa	See qʼoy
spoil (rot)	ntʼopʼ	Sv
spoon	mičʼoˑ	Sn
spoon out	sg̣in	S-v
spoonbill	g̣ononoˑʼ	S-n
spoor, leave	g̣wen̲	Sv
spoor, track a	haY	S-v
spotted, be	ltoˑqʼ	Sv
sprain, to	qʼos	-Sv
spread out (a mat)	slan̲	Sv
spread out (a substance)	ʔoˑwan	S-v
spread out (dispersed)	aywwi	sv; Also owi sv
spread eagle	wLetʼ	S-v
spreading	owi	sv
spring (pool)	welw	S-n
spring (streamlet, water source)	g̣awm	Sn
spring (season), be	sqoW	Sv
sprinkle	čʼečʼ	-Sv
sprinkle a handful of liquid on	qliw	S-v
sprout, to	stabg	Sv
squash, to	tʼeLqʼ	-Sv
squash (make too tight)	tʼeli̲ʼ	-Sv
squash (with pressure)	čʼiqʼ	-Sv sv
squat	sgaWag	S-v
sqaw grass	ʔepat	Sn
squeeze (wring)	ačʼiˑkʼ	sv
squeeze dry	čʼisq	-Sv
squeeze out	tʼeli̲ʼ	-Sv
squeeze out (ooze)	tʼat	+Sv
squint, to	qʼnačʼiˑqʼ	Sv
squirrel (gray squirrel)	qen	-Sn
squirrel (large sp.)	čʼiL	S-n
squirrel (pine squirrel)	giwʔ	S-n
squirrel (sp.)	qʼeǰoč	Sn
stab	s	S-v (cl.).
stable	sdeybal	Sn
stag	tog̣iʼa̲ldk	See tog̣i
stagger	wor̲yamna	See w
stale, be	mʼeqʼ	Sv
stallion	lag̣i wač	See wač
stamp on	tʼeˑqʼ	-Sv
stamp on (trample down)	qetʼ	-Sv
stand (pl.; few)	lwʼᵛlw	S-v (cl.).
stand (sg.)	tgᵛ	S-v (cl.).
stand in a group	logn	S-v
star	qčoˑl	Sn
stare, to	tʼwekʼ	Sv
start (basket, talking), to	dlelg̣	Sv
start (noise, drum playing)	nᵛoyeˑga	See nᵛ
start (work, journey)	dmo	S-v
starting	yeˑg	sv
startle	swaW	S-v
startled, be	toqʼ	Sv
stay (pl.)	waˑ	Sv
stay (sg.)	čiˑ	Sv
stay at home	čᵛalʼaˑlʼčʼa̲bga	See alʼaˑlʼ
stay with	kseg̣i	Sv
steal	pʼall	Sv
steam, to	Wag̓	Sv
steep, be	lalli̲ʼ	Sv
step (walk), to	g̣is	S-v
step on	čʼosqʼ	-Sv; Also g̣isǰqʼa; See g̣is
step-child.; See “step-mother.”step-father	qoˑslʼg̣s	See qoˑs
step-mother	saˑs	-S-n
stick (forked stick for stringing fish)	sčiga̲čnʼoˑts	See sči
stick (piece of wood)	ʔanko	Sn
stick (used in the gambling game as a counter)	sqosʔ	S-n
stick on (bits of feathers or fur)	kʼmok	S-v
stick together (glue)	ntʼakʼ	S-v
stick together (melt together)	se̲nčakʼdang̣a	See čakʼ
sticky, be	tʼabkʼ	+Sv
sticky (slimy), be	lʼag̓	Sv
stiff, be	Wič	S-v
still (absent, quiet), be	qap	S-v
still (calm, quiet), be	tʼaˑm	S-v; Also g̣em S-v
still (yet)	ʔoˑč	Srt
stingy, be	wiˑčʼig	Sv
stink, to	qʼoy bilwi	See bilwi
stink bug	r̲r̲e̲skiy̓ys	See skiy̓
stir	Loˑ	-Sv
stir (whip up, as batter or dough)	kᵛčʼaˑqʼa	See čʼaqʼ
stirrup	loˑlt	S-n
stocking(s), wear	sdeˑgin	S-n Sv
stomach	nka	S-n
stomach, act upon the	bolʼ	-Sv
stomach, hit in the	pʼipʼ	-Sv
stomach, lie on the	wʼin	S-v
stomach-ache, have	nkas gi	See nka
stoop down	paL	S-v
stoop over	čʼinlʼg̣a	See čʼin
stop (an action)	toqʼ	S-v
stop (die away, as ripples)	Leg̣oW	S-v
stop (fade away, as sound)	qmeˑs	S-v
stop (gradually, as waves: subside)	qmeˑW	S-v
stop (quit)	g̣lewy	Sv
stop (rain, storm, snow, etc.)	smʼaˑWi	Sv
store (food, clothes, etc.), to	se̲ʔiwʼaˑYa	See awʼaˑY
storm (thunderhead)	yalqm	Sn
stove	stoˑp	Sn
straddle	sqeqʼ	Sv
straddle a horse (put a foot over)	pečtʼleˑg̣i	See peč
straight, be	laq	S-v
straight (truly, directly)	dalʔaˑk	Sra
straighten (an arrow)	tg̣oy	Sv
straighten out (put in order)	wlelg̣	Sv
straighten out (tidy, neatly align)	swʼaqsna	S-v
straightened out, be	tʼas	+Sv
straight-grained	lg̣ᵉočʼn̲dk	See lg̣ᵉ
strain the eyes	aypʼeˑkʼ	-Sv
stranger	weliˑtankniˑ	See weliˑ; Also wennikniˑ; See wenniˑ
strangle (on a mouthful of food)	ntop	S-v
strangle (on something in the throat)	qliń̲	Sv
strangle (someone)	yᵛačqʼaˑqʼa	See yᵛ
strangle (with the fingers)	čʼlᵉačqʼaˑqʼa	See čʼlᵉ
straw (hay)	kson	Sn
strawberry	ǰoyǰig	S-n
stretch (a hide)	wak	S-v
stretch apart	tʼačʼ	-Sv
string	qnog̣	S-n
string, act upon a	ton	S-v
string (beads, fish), to	slog	Sv
string (fish), to	sčiga̲a	See sči
stringlike mass, act upon a	kmᵛ	S-v (cl.).
strip (naked)	he̲speˑnhi	See peˑnhi
strip off (as bark)	čičʼ	-Sv
striped, be	lg̣ᵉ	S-v (cl.).
striped (horizontally), be	wičʼ	Sv
striped rocks	balaˑwʼ	S-n
strips, be in	čiwʼ	-Sv
strips, in	onamn	sv
strong (fast, violent), be	g̣illi̲ʼ	Sv
strong (wiry), be	lič	S-v
stub the toe	čam	-Sv
stuck in a hole	akʼakweˑg	sv; Also kʼačweˑg sv; Also akʼčʼwy sv
stuff, to	g̣iwg̣	Sv
stuff (a bird)	ʔisg̣n̲a	See asg̣n̲
stump	tʼotʼ	S-n
stupid	čʼaˑm	S-n
stupid, be	paps	Sv
stutter	ʔakʼ	Sv
stutter (be unable to speak properly)	LaW̓	Sv
stutter (mumble)	sʔeWeWʔ	Sv
suck on	čʼoˑs	-Sv
suck out	očʼisg	-Sv; Also čʼoˑs -Sv
suck out disease (as a shaman does)	qbᵛiwčibga	See qbᵛ; Also qbᵛiwdgl; See qbᵛ; Also qbᵛiwqn̲a; See qbᵛ
sucker: for various spp. see under “fish.”suckle	ʔečʼ	Sv
suggest remedies	sʔawaˑY	Sv
summer	padaˑ	Sn
sun	sʔab	S-n
Sunday	sandi	Sn
sunflower seeds	lopiˑliˑn	S-n
sunken	osn̲	sv
sunshine	kčalqn̲ys	See kčal
sunshine, in the	atʼaˑwi̲ʼ	sv
support a person (act as a crutch, carry on a litter)	liwaˑ	S-v
suppurate	mʼolʼ	Sv
surely	qadak	Sra
surface, down onto a	eLWn̲	sv
surface, on a	eLa̲	sv
surprise, to	sg̣emdg̣i	Sv
surprised, be	sǰim	S-v
surprised (startled, scared), be	toqʼ	Sv
surrounding (around the edges)	akʼiˑmi̲ʼ	sv
surrounding a central obj.	akyamn	sv
suspect, to	qaˑsi̲ʼ	Sv; Also laʔytn̲a; See lag̣y; Also swew Sv
suspend	stin	S-v
suspended	akʼaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
suspenders	he̲stinyg̣is	See stin
swallow (bird)	tʼitʼq	Sn
swallow, to	sg̣odg̣n̲	Sv; Also Waˑ -Sv
swallowing (biting, snacking)	og̣y	sv
swan	g̣o	S-n
sway (be rickety)	čok	S-v
sway (tree)	hinkanga	See hin
sweat, to	swalqʼ	Sv
sweat (in a sweathouse)	sboklʼi	Sv
sweathouse	sboklʼis	See sboklʼi
sweep	Leˑ	-Sv; Also čʼlos -Sv
sweep (a sg. obj. or a few objs.)	Loˑ	-Sv
sweet, be	Loy̓	Sv
swell up	goW	Sv
swell up (as a tumor)	ntʼosʔ	Sv
swim, to	wdom	S-v
swim (fish)	dᵛ	S-v (cl.).
swim underwater	qi	S-v
swing, to	sg̣inwettʼ	Sv
swordgrass (sp.)	beˑnhi	Sn
swordgrass (sp.)	čaw	-S-n
syrupy-looking, be	čʼeč	S-v
table	teybal	Sn
tadpole	goʔoˑlʼ	S-n
tail	qbel	Sn
take away from	dmesg	Sv
take care of	beˑLi̲ʼ	+Sv
take home first	owiˑ	sv
taking away (action along)	en̲	sv
taking away from	odg̣	sv
taking off a tubular obj.	očʼiˑpʼ	sv
talk	hem	Sv
talk to the spirits	he̲shemkanga	See hem; Also hasaswaˑkʼy Sv
tall (far, deep, wide)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl sr
tamp down	din	-Sv
tan a hide	tg̣oy	Sv
tan a hide (by dipping in deer brains and water)	smoˑkʼ	Sv
tangle, to	swʼelw	Sv
tangle (mix up, whip into a mass), to	čʼaqʼ	-Sv
tangle (wad up)	qʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
tangled, be	nᵉačqaˑyi̲ʼa	See nᵉ; Also nᵉačtn̲a; See nᵉ
tap (slap)	čʼasaqʼ	-Sv
taste, to	apsa̲	-Sv; Also edw -Sv
taste (by just touching the tongue to)	noˑkʼ	-Sv
taste (good, bad, etc.)	mʼaˑsi̲ʼ	Sv
tattered, be	tʼekʼ	+Sv
tattle	Walyg̣i	See Wal; Also sdilsga; See sdil
tattoo	pal	-Sv
tea	tiˑ	Sn
teach	he̲ssʔaywga	See sʔaywg
teacher	r̲e̲he̲ssʔaywgys	See sʔaywg
teal (sp.)	čʼeˑg	S-n
tear (from weeping)	kʼelmʼa	Sn
tear a hole	ettʼ	-Sv
tear apart	tʼačʼ	-Sv
tear down	swʼeng	Sv
tease, to	gmay	Sv
tease (by giving a gift and then withdrawing it), to	ǰiˑwʼ	Sv
tease (ridicule, make fun of)	solwg	Sv
teat	ʔečʼs	See ʔečʼ
teethe	dotʼa̲la	See dot
telephone	hemkangoˑts	See hem
telescope	delčnʼoˑts	See dᵉl
tell	sʔab	Sv
tell (take news, report)	sdil	S-v
tell a myth	g̣l	sv
tell on (tattle)	sdilsga	See sdil; Also Walyg̣i; See Wal
tell the highlights (?)	aplʼ	sv
temple (body part)	nab	-S-n
ten	tewnʼip	Sa
ten, less than	qʼeˑgs	-Sa
tender, be	lʼeqʼ	Sv
tent	siˑlhaws	See siˑl and haw
tepee	sčokʼlʼg̣s	See sčokʼ
terrified, be	sinʼams	S-v
testicle(s)	slʼolg	S-n
than	nalk	Sre
thank	sepkʼeˑčʼ	Sv
that (absent)	neˑ	Sd
that (remote)	hoˑd	Sd
that big	kʼet	Sri
that far, long	kʼadaˑ	Sri
that many, much	kʼank	Sri
that way	goniˑ	Sl
then (so, and)	čoy	Srp
there	hiˑ	S-l
there (over there)	doˑ	Sl
there (over there—proximate?)	geˑ	Sl
there (that place)	hadakt	Sl
they	sa	Sp
they (intensive)	baˑd	Sp
thick, be	hop	(?). S-v (?).
thief	r̲e̲pʼallys	See pʼall
thigh	bosaklʼ	S-n
thimbleberry	r̲e̲he̲sqamoˑlsʔm	See qam; Also r̲e̲he̲ssqačʼoˑli̲ʼsʔm; See čʼoli̲ʼ Possibly different species.
thin, be	sʔoysʔ	Sv
thing (“what-you-may-call-it”)	gitgo	Sn
think	hosʔ	Sv
think something to be	seˑwi̲ʼ
thirsty, be	ʔambodga	See ʔambo
thirteen	tewnʼip̓ant ndan	See tewnʼip and ndan
thirty	ndanni tewnʼip	See ndan and tewnʼip
this (proximate)	geˑ	Sd
this big, much	kʼet	Sri
this way	ginaˑ	Sl
thistle	r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ysʔm	See kčʼen̲
thorn	r̲r̲e̲kčʼen̲ys	See kčʼen̲
thread	qnog̣	S-n
threaten	snoloˑkʼ	Sv
threaten (with a weapon)	stoˑbg	Sv
three	ndan	Sa
three-sided (coming to a dead end)	Yatb	sv
thresh	qoyi̲ʼ	-Sv
thrice	ndanni	See ndan
throat	nʼawg̣	-S-n or S-n
throb	nǰampkʼ	Sv
throb (beat hard, as the heart)	diqʼ	Sv
throb (pitter-patter, as the heart)	kʼaw̓	Sv
throb with pain	taw̓	Sv
through	eqn	sv
through a tube	asg̣n̲	sv
throw	otʼw	-Sv
throw (a handful)	keˑ	S-v
throw (a load, mass of objs.)	wʼetʼ	S-v
throw (pl. in a heap)	be	-Sv
thumb	tqʼopʼoˑ	Sn
thump	ltʼoqʼ	Sv
thunder, to	lmen̲	Sv
Thunderbird	r̲r̲e̲lmen̲ys	See lmen̲
thunderhead	yalqm	Sn
thundering noise, make	lom̓	Sv
Thursday	wonibnʼiks	See woniˑb
ticklish, be	ǰiqʼ	Sv
tie, to	slič	S-v; Also swᵛ S-v (cl.).
tight, be	g̣ičʼ	S-v
tight, make (do something tightly or firmly)	qʼačʼ	-Sv
tight, make (tie too tightly, squeeze, squash)	tʼeli̲ʼ	-Sv
tightness	qal	S-n
time of	ʼeˑmʼi	sn
tiptoe, go on	ltig̓	Sv
tired, be	g̣eˑǰig	Sv
tired of (“fed up with”), be	mičbi	Sv
to the edge	oykiˑn	sv
to the end (limit of a place)	abaˑni	sv
to the shore	abaˑtn̲	sv
toadstool (or mushroom)	lmenč	S-n
tobacco	qačgal	Sn
tobacco mixture (native tobacco and Bull Durham)	sokl̓s	See sokl̓
today	gen wayts	See wayt
toddle	kčečʼ	S-v
together	dola	Sre
together (meeting, coming together)	dang̣	sv
toilet, go out to the	gᵛeqn̲ča̲a	See eqn̲
toilet, go to the (baby)	weʼ	Sv
toilet paper	se̲ʔikʼyoˑloˑts	See akʼy
tomorrow	mboˑsant	Sn
tongue	baˑwč	sn
tongue, act with the	bel	S-v
tooth	dot	Sn
tooth, break a	kʼatʼ	+Sv
toothpick	he̲sqačʼaˑy̓oˑts	See qa
top (children’s plaything)	he̲sdᵛelʼg̣eˑʼs	See dᵛ
top, along the	eLWn̲	sv
top, be on	wal	S-v sv
top, down on	eLWn̲	sv
top, on (above)	plen	S-l
top of a full load, on	aptneˑg̣i	sv
top of a tree	haˑba	Sn
torch	kopkʼ	S-n
torch (for night-fishing)	kʼlᵛočʼws	See kʼlᵛ
touch, to	das	S-v; Also nʼiq S-v; Also tpek S-v
tough (meat), be	čweˑkʼ	Sv
toward	dalʼ	sn sp sd sa sl
toward (action toward for a purpose)	olgi	sv
toward (coming)	ebg	sv
town	tawn	Sn
track (an animal), to	haY	S-v
track, leave	g̣wen̲	Sv
track (mud, etc.), to	tʼabl	-Sv
trading	oyʼoˑt	sv
trample down	qetʼ	-Sv
[transitive]	s	pv
trap (fishtrap?)	wlo	Sn
trap, to	ntʼačʼlʼg̣a	See tʼačʼ
trap (fish), to	knew	Sv
travel, to	damnoń̲	Sv
tree	g̣oˑ	S-n
tribal names: the following are the names of some of the groups surrounding the Klamath. It may benoted that almost any place name can be used as a “tribal name” when it occurs with {kniˑ}	sn	sp sd sa sl “from, people or person from.”
Coos (Hanis)	haˑniˑ	S-n
Kalapuya	mokey	Sn
Lower Rogue River	soˑlčoqkniˑ	See soˑl
Modoc	moˑwa̲t̓aˑkʼkniˑ	See moˑwa̲
Montana Indians (tribe unspecified)	wač̓aˑkʼ r̲e̲pʼań̲ys	See pʼań̲
Northern tribes (along the Columbia River)	yaˑma̲kniˑ	See yaˑma̲
Paiute	saˑd	Sn
Pit River	moˑwa̲twaˑs	See moˑwa̲
Rogue River	čagg̣eˑnkniˑ	See čag
Shasta	sesti	Sn
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River)	waˑlmskniˑ	See waˑlm
Warmsprings	weˑteˑnkniˑ	See weˑteˑn
Wasco-Wishram	ʔampg̣eˑni	See ʔamp
Wintu	qadakʼiˑwaˑs	See qadakʼiˑ
tried to do	a̲stg	sv
trigger	sliń̲wloˑts	See sliń̲
trim (prune a tree), to	gay	-Sv
tripe	qaqaˑč	Sn
troll (race of little people)	gagaˑnʼa	Sn
troll, to	spiwa	See spi
trolling line	spiwoˑts	See spi
trot, to	slʼowʼiWyʼ	Sv
trouble, make	g̣lom	S-v
trout	meY	S-n
truly (directly, straightly)	dalʔaˑk	Sra
truly (surely)	qadak	Sra
try, to	g̣eg̣w	Sv
tubular obj., out of	čʼiˑsqʼag	sv
tubular obj., sliding off of	očʼiˑpʼ	sv
tubular obj., through a	asg̣n̲	sv
Tuesday	labnʼiˑks	See laˑb
tug-of-war, play	he̲spidg̣leˑʼa	See spi
tule	may	Sn
tule (dyed, used as basket material)	moqwʼ	S-n
tule pith (or “meat” of the roots)	mayʔm lolb	See may
tule roots (rootlets used in basketry)	mayʔm lag̣	See may
tumor (breast tumor)	sg̣a	Sn
tunnel, dig	dmᵛ	S-v (cl.).; Also lbo S-v
turkey	sqolʼoˑ	S-n
turkey buzzard	čway	S-n
turn (become)	dgi	sv
turn (change)	g̣leg	Sv
turn inside out	spentʼoˑ	S-v
turning around	akʼiˑčʼ	sv
turning over	ebli	sv
turnip	taˑnab	S-n
turtle	ngag	Sn
tweezers	se̲pᵛyʼoˑqʼoˑts	See yʼoqʼ
tweezers (pincers)	sne̲čʼliga̲oˑts	See čʼlᵉ; Also sne̲čʼlibgoˑts; See čʼlᵉ
twelve	tewnʼip̓ant laˑb	See tewnʼip and laˑb
twenty	labnʼi tewnʼip	See laˑb and tewnʼip
twice	labnʼi	See laˑb
twilight, be	tʼibeˑq	S-v
twinkle	ʔeˑlwʼ	Sv
twinkle (flicker, glitter)	lʼeqʼ	Sv
twins	laˑb̓a̲ls	See laˑb
twist, to	twᵛ	S-v (cl.).
twist together (to make cord, basket foundation, etc.)	pčiń̲	Sv
two	laˑb	Sa
ugly	qʼoy sleˑs	See qʼoy
umbilical cord	tʼog̣	S-n
unable, be	g̣esg	Sv
unable, consider someone	čʼoy	Sv
unbelievable	gyaˑm	-S-n (?)
unbutton	lᵛtʼepʼkʼwoˑla	See tʼepʼ
uncle (father’s brother)	seˑy	-S-n
uncle (father’s sister’s husband)	aws	-S-n
uncle (mother’s brother)	log̣oˑčʼ	-S-n
uncooked, be	sang̣i	Sv
under	odiˑl	sv
under (below)	monaˑ	Sl
under the armpit	odiˑl	sv
under the feet	anasg̣	sv
under water or earth	osn̲	sv
underarm odor	hoččʼig	S-n
underpants	montanni	See monaˑ; Also se̲qʼaylaˑlbdiˑlas; See qʼaylaˑlb
underpants (woman’s)	sakʼaˑlog	S-n
understand	domn	Sv
understand (feel, intuit)	mčelg̣	Sv
underwater ledge	whilaˑ	Sn
undoing	oˑl	sv
undone, come (something loosely fastened)	Loli̲ʼ	+Sv
undone, come (something tightly fastened)	Lewli̲ʼ	Sv
undress	lwᵛočʼiˑpʼa	See lwᵛ; Also lwᵛosga; See lwᵛ
unhappy, be	čʼiyoˑlʼ	Sv
[unknown meaning:] a number of segments are found for which no meaning can be assigned. Many of these are of dubious segmentation as well. These will be listed here for purposes of future research. It may also be noted that several proper names and many place names also were recorded with no analysis. In view of the overwhelming majority of Klamath personal and place names which do have semantic content, these items are also suspect. They will be found in full at the end of the sections on “proper names” and “place names.”
[unknown meaning]	ʼa	sr
[unknown meaning]	aˑʼ	sv
[unknown meaning]	bkʼ	sv
[unknown meaning]	čaq	-Sv (?)
[unknown meaning]	či	S-v
[unknown meaning]	čoˑ	-Sv
[unknown meaning]	čʼopʼ	S-n
[unknown meaning]	daˑnʼa	sr
[unknown meaning]	ginʼa	-Sn
[unknown meaning]	kʼoˑčg	S-v
[unknown meaning]	lʼog	S-v or S-n (?)
[unknown meaning]	nčʼo	S-v (cl.).
[unknown meaning]	p	sv
[unknown meaning]	peˑtʼ	S-n
[unknown meaning]	sdgi	-Sv
[unknown meaning]	sg̣ag̣al	S-n
[unknown meaning]	sleg̣	S-v
[unknown meaning]	snotʼ	S-v ..
[unknown meaning]	wiyaˑ	Sn
[unknown meaning]	wlaq	S-v
[unknown meaning]	yWiˑlg̣	sv
unripe wokas	čʼiniˑqʼ	S-n
unripe wokas (budding)	dᵛewlʼg̣s	See dᵛ
untie	sličlʼg̣oˑla	See slič
untied, be (something loose)	Loli̲ʼ	+Sv
untied, be (something tight)	Lewli̲ʼ	Sv
until (only after)	čeˑ	Sre
until (up to)	banʼi	Sre
unwrap	wepLoˑla	See wepL
up (above, over)	oyg̣i	sv
up (picking up)	adgl	sv
up (raising)	oyeˑg	sv
up (uphill, upstream)	amni	sv
up against	abaˑtn̲
up high	akʼaˑyi̲ʼ	sv
up high (above, over)	blay	Sl
up high (on top)	plen	S-l
up off the back	adgl	sv
up out of	otqʼag	sv
uphill	amni	sv
Upland Takelma (or Rogue River people)	waˑlmskniˑ	See waˑlm
upside down, turn	sdipn	S-v
upstream	og̣amn	sv; Also amni sv
urinate	swičʼ	Sv
urine	swičʼs	See swičʼ
use (have a use for someone or something)	gislaˑʼ	Sv
vagina	stʼem	S-n
valeriana root	kʼoˑl	Sn
valley	ginws	See gin
valley (plain, clearing)	saˑykʼa	Sn
vehicle, on a	ikL	sv; Also eLa̲ sv
vehiele, off a	oliˑn	sv
vein	kʼekʼeˑč	Sn
venereal disease	goWyʼasg̣s	See goW
Venus	pse r̲e̲gᵛen̲ys	See en̲
[verb formant suffix]	ʼa̲l	sv sn
vertical obj., act upon a	dᵛ	S-v (cl.).
very	moˑ	Srm
violently (quickly)	g̣illi̲ʼank	See g̣illi̲ʼ
violently, do	ač	-Sv; Also iw -Sv
violin	ʔoloˑkʼoˑts	See ʔoloˑkʼ
vision (spirit), have	swin̲ys̓a̲la	See swin̲
visit, to	gᵛelwybga	See gᵛ
visored cap	sdimč	S-n
vomit, to	čonw	Sv
wad up	qʼoli̲ʼ	-Sv
wade	ban	Sv
wade (paddle, as a waterfowl)	sčʼol	S-v
wag the tail	se̲ʼwač̓a̲la	See wač
wagon	čʼiˑk	-Sn; Also weˑgan Sn
wait for (as game)	waLg̣	Sv
wait on ahead for someone	sdaˑY	Sv
waiting for	awʼaˑY	sv
wake up	sg̣isoˑl	Sv
walk, to	g̣is	S-v
wander	damnoń̲	Sv
want, to	sanʼaˑWawli	Sv
war	se̲lwels	See lwel
war arrow	kʼeys	See nkʼeysʔań̲
warm, be	los	S-v
warm (lukewarm), be	loqwa̲	Sv
Warmsprings	weˑteˑn	S-n
warn	r̲e̲woytn̲bga	See woy
warpaint, put on	pʼoˑkʼ	-Sv
wart	sqʼitʼo	Sn
Wasco-Wishram	ʔampg̣eˑni	See ʔamp
wash, to	stabačkʼ	Sv
wash (body, dishes, fruit)	ǰoqʼ	-Sv
wash (clothes, hair), to	dmetčʼ	Sv
wash (hands)	saǰaqw	Sv
washerman (or -woman)	r̲e̲dmetčʼys	See dmetčʼ
washpan	stabačkʼoˑts	See stabačkʼ
waste (spend prodigally)	r̲e̲keˑwllʼg̣a	See keˑ
watch (a performance)	ʔay̓	Sv
watch for	waLg̣	Sv
watch from afar	diloˑčibga	(etc.).; See oˑ
watchman	r̲r̲e̲swᵉar̲lYn̲bgys	See swᵉ
water	ʔambo	Sn
-water	čoq	-Sn
water, act on a container of	čʼi	S-v (cl.).
water, act on a handful of	qliw	S-v
water, deep underneath	osn̲	sv
water, in (into)	ew	sv
water, into	okʼčʼw	sv
water, out of	oyg̣ag	sv; Also oykiˑn sv
water, up out of	otqʼag	sv
water pump	ʔambo ʔiyg̣ioˑts	See oyg̣i
waterfowl	meˑmaqla	sn
watermelon	sang̣s pʼań̲kʼys	See pʼań̲
water-skater (insect)	ǰoyoˑbig	S-n
wave, make a	lqʼań̲	Sv
wave in the breeze	gobal	S-v
way (kind, fashion)	ʔas	sd; Also mʼas sd
way, get out of	sʔenw	Sv
we	naˑd	Sp
weak-eyed, be	čʼepqʼ	Sv
weakly	yaNWaˑ	Sra
wear (clothing)	lwᵛ	S-v (cl.).; See also under the names of various articles of clothing: e.g., “hat,” “shirt,” “pants,” etc.
wear out	wen̲	Sv
weasel	čʼasgaˑy	Sn
“weather rock” (a shamanistic instrument for calling up wind)	nǰaqʼsgoˑts	See ǰaqʼ
weave, to	lečʼn̲	Sv
web (spiderweb)	qʼalǰiǰigsʔm sne̲ntʼačʼlʼg̣s	See tʼačʼ; Also layg̣s (“netting”).; See layg̣
wedge	nčaˑyi̲ʼoˑtkʼys	See čayi̲ʼ
Wednesday	ndanniˑks	See ndan
weevil (black weevil)	ʔeˑyʼ	S-n
weevil-like insect	r̲e̲qamlslʼis	See qaml
weigh	nqʼiqʼ	S-v
well (good)	dičʼ	Sra
well, dig a	sʔilg	Sv
west	tg̣alm	Sn
wet, be	mʼoqʼaLtʼ	Sv
wet (soak), to	tkʼaˑw	S-v
what	dwaˑ	Sa
wheat	loˑlomaq	Sn
wheel	Wiˑl	Sn
when	dadaˑ	Sri
where	d̲at	Sl sn sp sd sa sl
where (there where)	doˑs	See doˑ
where (there where)	doˑs	See doˑ
whether	yet dam̓oˑ	See dam
whetstone	lᵛqʼečʼs	See qʼečʼ
which	ka	Sd
which of two	yaˑnWa	sd
while	i	sv
whimper, to	Yakʼ	Sv
whine (as a baby)	mʼeˑqʼy	Sv
whine (as a dog)	mʼikʼ	Sv
whip	wdᵛoga̲oˑts	See dᵛ
whip up (mix)	čʼaqʼ	-Sv
whip with a limber obj.	tʼitʼ	-Sv
whirl	g̣ol	S-v
whirl a sling around	wotʼwkʼiˑčʼa	See otʼw
whirling around	akʼiˑčʼ	sv
whirlwind	qaqiˑʔg̣	S-n
whiskey	laˑm	Sn
whisper, to	Leqʼ	Sv
whistle, to	slʼoyoˑkʼ	Sv
white, be	bal	S-v
white man	basdin	Sn
white of the eye	g̣aloˑ	Sn
whitish, be	boqʼ	Sv
who	ka	Sd
why	waq É giwk	See waq
wickiup, build	sdinʼaˑʼ	Sv
wide (tall, far, deep)	ʔaˑdiˑ	Sl sr
widgeon	čʼamgikʼwa	Sn
widow, be	wenwy̓	Sv
widower, be	čimʼan	Sv; Also slaˑmʼi Sv
wife	snʼeweˑčʼ	S-n
wiggle	pʼesʔ	-Sv
wild celery	bočʼo	Sn
wild parsnip	skʼawang	S-n
wild plum	dmolo	Sn
wildcat	slʼet	Sn
wildcat (lynx)	slowaˑ	sn
wildcat (mountain lion)	daˑslaˑt	S-n
will ([future-intentive])	wabg	sv
willow	yaˑ	S-n
willow (cascara)	saˑdm pʼań̲kʼys	See pʼań̲
willow (sp.)	toqʼs	See toqʼ
willow bark	qʼalmilmil	Sn
willow shoot	g̣wewč	sn
win	win	S-v; Also gᵛoˑli; See oˑli
win a fight	sqʼom̓	Sv
wind	slʼewys	See slʼewy
wind, blow	wi	S-v (cl.). 4’ 4
windbreak	sqečʼlʼg̣s	See sqečʼ
winded, be	pʼotʼ	Sv
windpipe	hoqn̲oˑts	See hoqn̲; Also sg̣odg̣n̲oˑts; See sg̣odg̣n̲
windy, be	slʼewy	Sv
wing	Lań̲s	See La̲ń̲
wink	qʼnačʼiˑqʼ	Sv
winning	oˑli	sv
winter	loldm	Sn
Wintu	qadakʼiˑ	S-n
wipe	nčʼamaˑs	S-v
wipe off the face	ʔibqʼoˑla	See pʼeqʼ
wiry (strong), be	lič	S-v
with (instead)	tʼet	sn sp sd
with ([instrumental])	tga	sn sp sd sa
with difficulty	čeˑt hak	See čeˑ
without	qʼelyʼak	Srn
wokas (pond lily)	wok	S-n
wokas (parched but yet unhulled)	siwys	See siwy
wokas (rotted pods ready to have the seeds extracted)	sne̲ntʼopʼlʼg̣s	See ntʼopʼ
wokas (special high quality)	sbokwʼ	S-n
wokas (unripe)	čʼiniˑqʼ	S-n
wokas (unripe and budding)	dᵛewlʼg̣s	See dᵛ
wokas, grind	beqs	Sv
wokas, grind lightly to remove hulls	lᵛoliˑna	See lᵛ
wokas, parch	snab	Sv; Also sʔoˑlʼaˑlʼa; See sʔoˑ
wokas, pick	r̲e̲ʼlᵛosga	See lᵛ
wokas bud	qʼambolwʼs	See qʼambolwʼ
wokas juice	qawčʼi	Sn
wokas leaf	baLwʼ	-S-n
wokas mush	slot	S-n; Also noˑg̣̓a̲ls; See noˑg̣
wolf	g̣ewč	S-n
woman	snʼeweˑčʼ	S-n
women	weˑwʼanʼ	S-n
wonder …?	bas	Srp
wood	ʔanko	Sn
woodchuck (or “groundhog”)	moy	Sn
woodpecker	sr̲e̲r̲kʼaW̓s	See kʼaW̓
woodpecker (red-headed woodpecker)	wʼagin	-S-n
woodpecker (small sp.)	qiliˑw	S-n
woodpile	sdoyLs	See sdoy
wood rat	qočʼaˑ	Sn
woodtick	sqʼoˑg	S-n
work (do, make)	sʔ	S-v (cl.).
work for someone	tʼwaˑY	Sv
work on something (to prepare it)	r̲é̲ˑr̲beˑLi̲ʼa	See beˑLi̲ʼ
worm	mʼolq	Sn
worse	goniˑlʼ	See goniˑ
wounded, be	qʼaL	S-v
wrap, to	wepL	Sv; Also smoˑ S-v (?).
wrap the head	g̣oˑtʼaqʼtn̲a	See g̣oˑ
wrap the legs around	qbatʼy	Sv
wren	čʼiˑLoLoˑʼ	-S-n
wren (tule wren)	čʼiqtʼiˑtʼi	Sn
wrestle	sosannʼg̣	Sv
wring out	ačʼiˑkʼ	sv
wring out (squeeze dry)	čʼisq	-Sv
wrinkle from exposure to water	mbodyʼ	Sv
wrinkled, be	kmᵛqʼoˑli̲ʼa	See qʼoli̲ʼ
wrist	nᵉawʼaˑlʼs	See nᵉ
write	somʼalwʼ	Sv
yard (unit of measurement)	ʔanko	Sn
yawn, to	skʼayaˑčwʼ	Sv
year, be	ʔiLoˑl	Sv
yellow, be	g̣ek	S-v
yellowhammer	čʼew	S-n
yellow-headed blackbird	kaklaˑwʼ	-S-n
yellowjacket	kʼin	S-n
yelp, to	waq̓	Sv
yesterday	ʔonaˑ	Srt
yet	ʼoˑ	sr
yet (still)	ʔoˑč	Srt
yew	čʼobing	S-n
you (pl.)	ʔaˑd	Sp
you (sg.)	ʔi	Sp
young man	nčalqnʼi	See nčalq
younger	tabyʼ	S-n Sl
youngest (son, brother)	tabyʼni	See tabyʼ
zigzag, go	wličʼ	S-v

External links

• Klamath Dictionary website
• Full PDF file of Barker's 1963 Klamath Dictionary