Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/ôwɨ

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Pronoun

*ôwɨ

1. the first-person singular pronoun; I, me

Inflection

Proto-Cariban personal pronouns

	singular	dual	collective
first person exclusive	*ôwɨ	*apina	*apina
first person inclusive	—	*kɨwɨ, *kɨnmô, *kɨku	*kɨwjamo, *kɨmjamo
second person	*ômô	—	*ômjamo
third person	(use demonstratives)

Descendants

• Guianan:
  • Apalaí: ywy
  • Kari'na: awu
  • Proto-Taranoan: *əwɨ
    • Akurio: wï
    • Carijona: ëwï
    • Trió: wï, wïï, ⇒ wïrë
  • Wayana: ïu, ïwu
• Kuikuroan:
  • ⇒ Kuikúro: uge
• Parukotoan:
  • ⇒ Hixkaryana: uro
  • Kaxuyana: owï
  • Waiwai: owï, ow
• Pekodian:
  • ⇒ Bakairí: urâ
  • ⇒ Ikpeng: uro
  • ⇒ Pará Arára: uro
• Venezuelan Cariban:
  • ⇒ Chaima: ure, uche
  • Mapoyan:
    • ⇒ Yabarana: wïrë
  • Panare: yu, yï-
  • Pemongan:
    • ⇒ Akawaio: öwrö, urö
    • ⇒ Macushi: uurî, urî
    • ⇒ Pemon: yüurö, yurö, urö, üure, ure
  • ⇒ Tamanaku: ure
• Waimiri-Atroari: awy, aa-
• Ye'kwana: ewü, üwü
• Yukpan:
  • Yukpa: avü

References

• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[1], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
• Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
• Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*(ə)wɨ”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎^[2], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2024-01-31
• Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎^[3], Houston: Rice University, page 174
• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[4], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 250
• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ewü”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎^[5], Lyon