Appendix:Karluk Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This is a Swadesh list of Karluk languages, specifically Proto-Turkic, Uyghur, Uzbek, Chagatai and Karakhanid, compared with that of English.

EnglishProto-Turkic
edit (197)
Uyghur
ئۇيغۇرچە (uyghurche)
edit (207)
Uzbek
oʻzbek tili
edit (207)
Chagatai
چغتاى
edit (52)
Karakhanid
edit (166)
1I (1sg)*benmenmenmänmen
2you (2sg)*sensen, siz*, sili*sensiz*, sän*sen
3he, she, it (3sg)*oluuu, ulol
4we (1pl)*biŕbizbizbizbiz
5you (2pl)*siŕsiler, sizler*, her qaysiliri*siz, sizlar, senlarsizlärsiz
6they (3pl)ularularular, alarolar
7this*bu(-n)bububu*, ušbu*, šu*, šul*
8that*olushu, o'shaul/ol, ušul*ol
9herebu yerdebu yerda, bu yoqda, bu yondabu yär*mundā
10thereu yerdeu yerda, u yoqda, u yondaul yär*andā
11who*kemkimkimkim
12what*nē-nëmenima, nanemä, nemē, negǖ, qayū
13where*kanta, *kanïqeyerdeqayerda, qaydaqandā, qayūdā, qanï̄
14when*kačanqachan, qanchide, nechchideqachonqačan
15how*nēčeqandaqqalay, qanday, nechikneteg
16not*ermeŕyoq, emesemas, yo'qemäs*, -may-/-mäy-*yōq, ermēs
17all*bütün, *kamughemme*, barche, pütün, barliqbarcha, hamma, butun, bari, borliqqamuɣ, barčā
18many*ȫküĺköpkoʻpköp, üküš
19somebir qanche*, azraq*, bezi*bir necha, bir qancha, ba'zi, ayrim
20few*āŕazoz, kam, pichaāz
21otherbashqa, özge, artuqboshqa, o'zgaaδïn, aδruq, öŋī
22one*bīrbirbirbir*bīr
23two*ẹk(k)iikkiikkiikkiikkī
24three*üčüchuchüč
25four*tȫrttöttoʻrttȫrt
26five*bẹ̄ĺ(k)beshbeshbḗš
27big*bedükchong*, yoghan, büyük, zor*katta, buyuk, ulkančoŋbedük, uluɣ
28long*uŕakuzunuzunuzun
29wide*gēŋkengkengkeŋ, yasï̄
30thick*kalïŋqëlinqalin, yo'g'onqalïn
31heavy*iagïrëghirogʻiraɣïr
32small*kičügkichikkichkina, kichikkičikkičig, ušaq
33short*kïsgaqisqaqisqaqïsɣā, qïrt
34narrow*tïgïŕtartortartār
35thin*yiŋčgeinchike, yupqaingichka, yupqa, nozikyinčgē, yuvqā
36woman*xātun, *kï̄ŕayal*ayol*, xotin, qizmaẓlūm kišiurāɣūt, išīlēr
37man (adult male)*ērer, erkekerkaker kiši, ādamer
38man (human being)*kišiinsan, kishikishi, odam, inson*kiši*kišī
39child*bāla, *urugbalabola, chaqabalakenč
40wife*xātunxotun*, ayal*, yoldash*xotin, ayol, rafiqakis
41husbandyoldash*, er*er, kuyoverbēg
42mother*apaanaona, aya, oyianaanā, ebē
43father*atadada, ataota, adaataatā
44animal*Ăŋhaywan*, janliq*hayvon, jonivorjānwar
45fish*bālïkbëliqbaliqbaliq, beliqbalïq
46bird*kuĺqushqushquš
47dog*köpekitit, kuchuk, ko'ppakitït
48louse*bïtpitbitbit
49snake*yï̄lanyilanilonyïlān
50worm*kūrtqurutqurtqurt
51tree*ïgačderex*, yaghach*daraxt, yogʻoch*yïɣač
52forest*ormanorman, janggaloʻrmon, toʻqay
53stick*čï̄pčchoqmaq, tayaq*, soyla*, chiwiq*yogʻoch, tayoqčïbïq
54fruit*yẹ̄miĺčmewe*, yel-yëmishmevamewäyémiš
55seed*urluk, *uruguruq, tuxum*urugʻ, tuxumuruɣ
56leaf*yapurgak, *büryopurmaq, yapraqyaproq, bargyapurɣāq
57root*kökyiltiz, tüpildiz, tomirkök, tǖp, yïldïz
58bark (of a tree)*kāpukqowzaqqobiq, qobuqqās
59flower*čečekgül*, chëchek*gul, chechakčeček
60grass*otot, ot-chöp, chöpoʻt, oʻlanot
61rope*yip, *yïparqan, arghamchaarqon, ip, bog'yïp, uruq
62skin*tẹritëreteriterī
63meat*etgösh*, et*goʻsht, etgöštet
64blood*kiānqanqonqān
65bone*kemük, *siŋöksö'ngeksuyaksüŋük
66fat (noun)*semiŕ, *yāgyagh, mayyogʻ, moyyāɣ, ǖz, čïr
67egg*yumurtkatuxumtuxum, yumurtqayumurtɣā
68horn*burgumünggüzshox, muguz, shoxmüŋüz
69tail*kudrukquyruqdum, quyruqquδruq
70feather*tǖkpeyjun, tuk, patyǖg, *
71hair*s(i)ač, *kïlchach*, tük, qil*soch, qil, yol*sač, qïl,
72head*baĺčbashboshbaš
73ear*kulkakqulaqquloqqulaq, qulqaq
74eye*köŕközkoʻzkȫz
75nose*burunburunburunburun
76mouth*āgïŕaghizogʻizaɣïz
77tooth*tīĺchishtishtï̄š
78tongue (organ)*tiltiltiltïl
79fingernail*dïrŋaktirnaq, tiymaqtirnoqtïrŋaq
80foot*adakayaqoyoqaδaq
81leg*būtputoyoq, putbūt
82knee*topïktiztizzatīz
83hand*eligqolqoʻlelig
84wing*kāynatqanatqanotqanat
85belly*kạrïnqorsaq, qarin*qorinqarïn
86guts*bagïrsuküchey*ichakbaɣïrsuq
87neck*bōynboyunboʻyinboyïn
88back*kerü, *arkaarqaorqaarqā, učā
89breast*köküŕemchek*, kökrek*, tösh*, köksi*emchakkögüz, emig
90heart*yürekyürekyurakköŋülyürek, köŋül
91liver*biagïrjiger*, bëghirjigarbaɣïr
92to drink*ič-ichmekichmoqič-ičmēk
93to eat*yē-yimek, yëmekyemoqyḗmēk
94to bite*ïsïr-chishlimektishlamoqïsïrmāq, tišlēmēk
95to suck*em-, *simü-emmek*, shorimaq*emmoq, soʻrmoqاماك, sōrmāq
96to spit*tüpkür-tükürmektuplamoqsoδmāq
97to vomit*kus-qusmaqqusmoqqusmāq, yanmāq
98to blow*ür-püwdimekesmoqesmēk
99to breathe*tï̄nnepes almaq, dem almaqnafas olmoq, dam chiqalmoqtïnmāq
100to laugh*kül-külmekkulmoqkülmēk, qatɣurmāq
101to see*kör-körmekkoʻrmoqkörmēk
102to hear*ẹĺit-anglimaqeshitmoqešitmēk
103to know*bil-bilmekbilmoqbilmēk
104to think*tüĺ-ün-oylimaq, pikir qilmaqoʻylamoqȫmēk, saqïnmāq
105to smellpurimaq*isqamoq*yïδlāmāq
106to fear*kork-qorqmaqqoʻrqmoqqorqmāq
107to sleep*ūdï-uxlimaquxlamoquδï̄māq, yatmāq
108to live*dīri-yashimaqyashamoqyašāmāq
109to die*öl-ölmekoʻlmoqölmēk, kečmēk
110to kill*öltür-öltürmekoʻldirmoqsoy-*öldürmēk
111to fight*saba-soqushmaq, urushmaqurushmoq*, qurashmoq*savašmāq, čalïšmāq, süŋüšmēk, urušmāq
112to hunt*ābla-owlimaqovlamoqavlāmāq
113to hit*ur-urmaqurmoqurmāq, qaqmāq
114to cut*kes-kesmek, qiymaq*kesmoqkesmēk, bïčmāq, qïymāq, ormāq
115to split*yār-yarmaqyormoqyarmāq, yermēk, aδïrmāq, sökmēk
116to stab*čok-tiqmaq*, sanjimaq, pichaqlimaqsanchmoq, tiqmoqsančmāq, suqmāq
117to scratch*kạĺčï-tirnaqlimaqtirnamoqqašï̄māq, ezmēk
118to dig*kaŕ-kolimaq, qazmaqqazimoqqazmāq, qazï̄māq, üšēmēk, üŋmēk
119to swim*yüŕ-su üzmeksuzmoqyüzmēk, čapmāq
120to fly*uč-uchmaquchmoqučmāq, teŋmēk
121to walk*yüri-mangmaq, yürmekyurmoq, bormoq, kezmoqyorï̄māq
122to come*kẹl-kelmekkelmoqkäl-/kel-kelmēk
123to lie (as in a bed)*yat-yatmaqyotmoqyatmāq
124to sit*oltur-olturmaqoʻtirmoqoltur-olturmāq
125to stand*dur-turmaqturmoqturmāq
126to turn (intransitive)*ebir-burimaq, örümek*, aylandurmaq, pëqiratmaqburmoqevürmēk, čevürmēk, tevürmēk
127to fall*düĺ-chüshmek, yiqilmaq, ghulimaqtushmoq, yiqilmoqtüšmēk, učmāq
128to give*bēr-bermekbermoqbär-/ber-bḗrmēk
129to hold*tut-tutmaqtutmoqtutmāq
130to squeeze*sïk-, *kïs-qismaq, siqmaqsiqmoq, qismoqsïkmāq
131to rub*sür(-t)-sürkimekishqalamoq, surtmoq*sürtmēk, türtmēk, yaqmāq
132to wash*yu(b)-yuymaqyuvmoq
133to wipe*sīl-sürtmekartmoq
134to pull*tart-tartmaqchoʻzmoq, tortmoq
135to push*it-ittermekitarmoq, turtmoq
136to throw*ạt-tashlimaq, atmaqotmoq*, tashlamoq*
137to tie*b(i)ā-baghlimaqbogʻlamoq
138to sew*tik-tikmektikmoq
139to count*sā(y)-sanimaqsanamoq
140to say*āy-dëmek, ëytmaqaytmoq, demoq*
141to sing*tōj-, *öt-, *jaj-naxsha ëytmaq, sayrimaqashula aytmoq, kuylamoq
142to play*oy-oynimaqoʻynamoq
143to float*yüŕ-leylimek*, üzmek, lepildimek*suzmoq
144to flow*ak-aqmaqoqmoq
145to freeze*toŋ-tonglimaqmuzlamoq, toʻngmoq
146to swell*sīĺč-köpmek*, qaparmaq*, ishshimaqshishmoq
147sun*küneĺkün, quyash*quyosh, kunkün
148moon*āń(k)ayoyāy
149star*yulduŕyultuzyulduzyulduz
150water*subsusuvsusūv
151rain*yagmuryamghuryomgʻiryaɣmur
152river*yïrmak, *ögüŕderya*daryoögüz
153lake*kȫlkölkoʻlkolkȫl
154sea*teŋiŕdë'ngizdengizteŋiz, kȫl
155salt*dūŕtuztuztuztūz
156stone*tiāĺtashtoshtāš
157sand*kumqumqumqum
158dust*tōz, *tōzanchang, tozangchangtōz, toprāq
159earth*yẹrtopa, tupraq, yërtuproqtoprāq, yḗr
160cloud*bulïtbulutbulutbulït
161fog*bus, *būgtumantumantumān, būs
162sky*teŋriasman*, kök*koʻk, osmon*teŋrī, kȫk
163wind*yẹlshamal*, shelkin shamal*yelyḗl, esin
164snow*kārqarqorqār
165ice*būŕmuzmuzmuzbūz
166smoke*tumantütün, istutuntütün, ïš
167fire*ōtot, atesh*olov, oʻtōt
168ash*külkülkulkül
169to burn*tam-köymek, yanmaqyonmoq
170road*yōlyolyoʻlyol
171mountain*tāg, *k(i)ayataghtogʻ
172red*kïŕïlqizilqizilqizil, قيزيل
173green*yāĺïlyëshilyashilکوک, kök*
174yellow*siarïgsëriqsariq
175white*ürüŋ, *ākaqoqaq
176black*kara, *qaraqara, siyah reng*qora, siyohqara
177night*kēčetün, këche*, këch*tun, kecha*
178day*künkünkun
179year*yāĺ, *yïlyilyil
180warm*yïlïgilliq, ilmaniliqissiq
181cold*sogïksogh, soghuqsovuqsawuq
182full*tōl-toluqtoʻq, toʻla
183new*yaŋïyë'ngiyangiyeŋi
184old*es-(kü)kona*, eski*eski, qari
185good*edgüyaxshi, yaramliq, izgü*yaxshiyaḫši, ياجشى
186bad*yamanyaman, yaramsiz, nachar, osalyomonyaman
187rotten*čẹrchirik, chirigenchirik
188dirty*kirkir, meynet*, paskinakir
189straight*tüŕudul, tüztoʻgʻri, tik*
190round*yum, *tom, *deg, *dög, *dogdomlaq, yumilaqdumaloq, yumaloq*
191sharp (as a knife)*yitikeskin, ötkür, ittikoʻtkiryitig
192dull (as a knife)ötmes, qashangoʻtmas
193smooth*tekiŕtekshi*, siliqtekis, silliqyaprï̄, alaŋ
194wet*ȫlhöl, nemhoʻl, namȫl
195dry*kūrïkquruq, qurghaqquruq, qurgʻoqquruɣ
196correct*kẹr-tütoghra, durustoʻgʻričï̄n
197near*yạgukyëqinyaqinyaqïn, yaɣūq
198far*uŕakyiraq, uzaquzoq, olis*yïrāq
199right*oŋongoʻng
200left*sōlsolchapsōl
201at-دا/-دە/-تا/-تە-da-dē, -dā
202in*-deichide, ichre*, -دا/-دە/-تا/-تە-da-da/-däičindē, ičrē, -dē, -dā
203with*bilebilenbilanbirlē
204andwe*, hem, yenevataqï̄, yemē
205if*-sa-سا/-سە, eger*agarersē, -sē, -sā, apaŋ
206because*üčün, *učun-ghachqa, -gechke, -qachqa, -kech, chünki*chunkiüčün
207name*ātat, isim*, nam*ism, nom, otāt
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)