gul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gul"

English

Alternative forms

• gol, göl, gül

Etymology

From Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower”).

Noun

gul (plural guls)

1. Any medallionlike design on a Central or West Asian rug.

Anagrams

• LUG, lug, Lug

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”). Possibly related to ngul.

Adjective

gul (feminine gule)

1. (Arbëresh) hornless

Derived terms

• guli
• gulixhë

Aleut

Pronunciation

• (Western) IPA^(key): /ˈɣul/

Verb

gul

1. (Western) to go through

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Bouyei

Etymology

From Proto-Tai *kuːᴬ (“I; me”), *kawᴬ (“I; me”). Cognate with Thai กู (guu), Zhuang gou.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ku˨˦/

Pronoun

gul

1. I; me

Bura

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡúl]

Noun

gul

1. small hole

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Cornish

Etymology

Contraction of gwul, cognate with Welsh gwneud, Breton ober (conjugation in gr-).

Verb

gul (irregular)

1. do, make

Conjugation

	Indicative				Subjunctive		Imperative
	Pres-fut	Imperfect	Preterite	Conditional	Pres-fut	Imperfect
1s	gwrav vy	gwren vy	gwrug(av) vy	gwrussen vy	gwrylliv vy	gwrellen vy	-
2s	gwredh jy, gwre'ta	gwres jy	gwrugys jy, gwruss'ta	gwrusses jy	gwrylli jy	gwrelles jy	gwra
3s	gwra ev	gwre ev	gwrug ev	gwrussa ev	gwrello ev	gwrella ev	gwres
1p	gwren ni	gwren ni	gwrussyn ni	gwrussen ni	gwryllyn ni	gwrellen ni	gwren
2p	gwrewgh hwi	gwrewgh hwi	gwrussowgh hwi	gwrussewgh hwi	gwryllowgh hwi	gwrellewgh hwi	gwrewgh
3p	gwrons i	gwrens i	gwrussons i	gwrussens i	gwrellons i	gwrellens i	gwrens
0	gwrer	gwres	gwrug	gwrussys	gwreller	gwrellys	-
Present participle: ow kul Verbal adjective: gwrys

Mutation

Mutation of gul

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
gul	wul	unchanged	kul	hwul	wul

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡuːˀl/, [ɡ̊uˀl], [kuˀl]

Adjective

gul

1. yellow

Inflection

Inflection of gul
	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Indefinte common singular	gul	—	—2
Indefinite neuter singular	gult	—	—2
Plural	gule	—	—2
Definite attributive1	gule	—	—
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

See also

Colors in Danish · farver (layout · text)

hvid	grå	sort
rød; højrød	orange; brun	gul; flødefarvet
lime	grøn
cyan; turkis	azurblå	blå
violet; indigo	magenta; lilla	lyserød

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣʏl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gul
• Rhymes: -ʏl

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisian gol (“kind of heart”), Middle English gulle (“friendly”). A relation to gutsen has been suggested.

Adjective

gul (comparative guller, superlative gulst)

1. generous, unselfish
2. unsparing, plentiful
3. hearty, cordial

   Hij lachte gul.

   He laughed heartily.

Declension

Declension of gul
uninflected	gul
inflected	gulle
comparative	guller
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		gul	guller	het gulst het gulste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	gulle	gullere	gulste
	n. sing.	gul	guller	gulste
	plural	gulle	gullere	gulste
definite		gulle	gullere	gulste
partitive		guls	gullers	—

Synonyms

• (generous): genereus, goedgeefs, munificent, vrijgevig, royaal

Derived terms

• gulaardig
• gulhartig
• gulheid

Related terms

• gullen

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch *gul(le) (attested only in the diminutive gullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related to geel (“yellow”).

Noun

gul m or f (plural gullen, diminutive gulletje n)

1. young cod

Faroese

Adjective

gul

1. inflection of gulur:
   1. feminine nominative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative plural

Indonesian

gul

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower, rose”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡʊl]
• Hyphenation: gul

Noun

gul (first-person possessive gulku, second-person possessive gulmu, third-person possessive gulnya)

1. (Classical) rose (flower).

   Synonym: mawar

Further reading

• “gul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic		گُل

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul).

Pronunciation

• (Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [ɡʊl], [ɡo̝l]

Noun

gul (definite accusative gulı, plural gullar)

1. flower

Declension

Declension of gul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
genitive	gulııñ	gullarııñ
dative	gulqa	gullarqa
definite accusative	gulı	gulları
locative	gulça	gullarça
ablative	gulda	gullarda
instrumental	gulla	gullarla
equative	gulvâra	gullarvâra

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Mangas

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡùl/

Noun

gul

1. bone

References

• Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡul(ə)/, /ˈɡoːl(ə)/

Adjective

gul

1. (Late Middle English) yellow, pale

Descendants

• ⇒ Scots: golgrav
• Yola: ghou

See also

Colors in Middle English · coloures, hewes (layout · text)

whit	grey, hor	blak
red; cremesyn, gernet	citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne	yelow, dorry, gul; canevas
grasgrene	grene
plunket; ewage	asure, livid	blewe, blo, pers
violet; inde	rose, murrey; purpel, purpur	claret

References

• “gul, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

North Frisian

Chemical element
Au	Next: kwaksalwer (Hg)

Alternative forms

• gölj (Mooring)
• Gul (Sylt)

Etymology

From Old Frisian gold, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow”).

Noun

gul n

1. (Föhr-Amrum) gold

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).

Noun

gul f

1. flower

Derived terms

• gulan
• gulav
• gulberoj
• gulbihar
• gulbijêr
• gulbijêrk
• gulçin
• gulçinî
• gulçîn
• gulçînî
• gulçînîtî
• guldank
• guldeste
• guleberbiro
• gulebûk
• gulfîdan
• gulgîn
• gulgulî
• gulhingivîn
• gulî
• gulî
• gulî
• gulik
• gulik
• gulistan
• gulistanî
• gulî
• gulkelem
• gulkelemî
• gulnas
• gulnasî
• gulnesrîn
• gulperî
• gulşen
• gulşen
• gulyar
• gulyarî
• gulzan
• gulzanî

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʉːɽ/, /ɡʉːl/
• (Fredrikstad dialect) IPA^(key): [ɡʉːɽ]
• Rhymes: -ʉːɽ

Adjective

gul (masculine and feminine gul, neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulere, indefinite superlative gulest, definite superlative guleste)

1. yellow

Derived terms

• brungul
• gulaktig
• gulbrun
• gulfarge
• gulnebblom
• gulrot
• lysegul
• okergul
• paillegul
• sennepsgul

 

References

• “gul” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʉːl/

Adjective

gul (neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulare, indefinite superlative gulast, definite superlative gulaste)

1. yellow

Derived terms

• brungul
• gulaktig
• gulbrun
• gulfarge
• gulflankedelfin
• gulnebblom
• gulrot
• lysegul
• okergul
• sennepsgul

 

See also

Colors in Norwegian Nynorsk · fargar (layout · text)

kvit	grå	svart
raud	oransje; brun	gul
	grøn
(turkis)		blå
	rosa; lilla	rosa

References

• “gul” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/

• (Greater Poland):
  • (Central Greater Poland) IPA^(key): /ˈɡul/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ul
• Syllabification: gul
• Homophones: ghul, gól, Gul

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

gul

1. sound a turkey makes; gobble
2. sound of bubbling; gurgle

Etymology 2

See ghul.

Noun

gul m animal

1. (Islam) Alternative spelling of ghul

Declension

Declension of gul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gule
genitive	gula	gulów
dative	gulowi	gulom
accusative	gula	gule
instrumental	gulem	gulami
locative	gulu	gulach
vocative	gulu	gule

Etymology 3

Clipping of gwoli.

Preposition

gul

1. (Central Greater Poland, Środa, Pleszew) Synonym of gwoli

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

gul f

1. genitive plural of gula

Further reading

• gul in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gul in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Oskar Kolberg (1877) “gul”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, in Zbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page 18

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

gul m (genitive singular guil)

1. verbal noun of guil

Southwestern Dinka

Noun

gul

1. jaw

References

• Dinka-English Dictionary‎^[1], 2005

Sumerian

Romanization

gul

1. Romanization of 𒄢 (gul)

Swedish

Rapeseed flowers

Etymology

From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʉːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːl

Adjective

gul (comparative gulare, superlative gulast)

1. yellow

Declension

Inflection of gul
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	gul	gulare	gulast
Neuter singular	gult	gulare	gulast
Plural	gula	gulare	gulast
Masculine plural3	gule	gulare	gulast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	gule	gulare	gulaste
All	gula	gulare	gulaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

Noun

gul

1. yellow

Related terms

• gula

Turkmen

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”). Cognate to Turkish kul (“slave, servant”)

Noun

gul (definite accusative guly, plural gullar)

1. slave
2. servant

Declension

Declension of gul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
accusative	guly	gullary
genitive	guluň	gullaryň
dative	gula	gullara
locative	gulda	gullarda
ablative	guldan	gullardan

Derived terms

• Gulyýew
• Gurbanguly
• Işanguly
• Magtymguly
• Mälikguly
• Nurguly
• Soltanguly
• Şaguly

 

Further reading

• “gul” in Enedilim.com
• “gul” in Webonary.org

Uzbek

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Classical Persian گُل (gul). Compare Uyghur گۈل (gül) / гүл (gül), Turkish gül, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʊl/, [ɡ˖ʏl]
• Hyphenation: gul

Noun

gul (plural gullar)

1. flower

Declension

Declension of gul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	gullar
genitive	gulning	gullarning
dative	gulga	gullarga
definite accusative	gulni	gullarni
locative	gulda	gullarda
ablative	guldan	gullardan
similative	guldek	gullardek

Possessive forms of gul

my	singular	plural
nominative	gulim	gullarim
genitive	gulimning	gullarimning
dative	gulimga	gullarimga
definite accusative	gulimni	gullarimni
locative	gulimda	gullarimda
ablative	gulimdan	gullarimdan
similative	gulimdek	gullarimdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	guling	gullaring
genitive	gulingning	gullaringning
dative	gulingga	gullaringga
definite accusative	gulingni	gullaringni
locative	gulingda	gullaringda
ablative	gulingdan	gullaringdan
similative	gulingdek	gullaringdek
her/his/its	singular	plural
nominative	guli	gullari
genitive	gulining	gullarining
dative	guliga	gullariga
definite accusative	gulini	gullarini
locative	gulida	gullarida
ablative	gulidan	gullaridan
similative	gulidek	gullaridek
our	singular	plural
nominative	gulimiz	gullarimiz
genitive	gulimizning	gullarimizning
dative	gulimizga	gullarimizga
definite accusative	gulimizni	gullarimizni
locative	gulimizda	gullarimizda
ablative	gulimizdan	gullarimizdan
similative	gulimizdek	gullarimizdek
your	singular	plural
nominative	gulingiz	gullaringiz
genitive	gulingizning	gullaringizning
dative	gulingizga	gullaringizga
definite accusative	gulingizni	gullaringizni
locative	gulingizda	gullaringizda
ablative	gulingizdan	gullaringizdan
similative	gulingizdek	gullaringizdek
their	singular	plural
nominative	guli	gullari
genitive	gulining	gullarining
dative	guliga	gullariga
definite accusative	gulini	gullarini
locative	gulida	gullarida
ablative	gulidan	gullaridan	similative	gulidek	gullaridek

Synonyms

• chechak

Volapük

Etymology

From Latin angulus (“angle, corner”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡul/

Noun

gul (nominative plural guls)

1. angle
2. corner

Declension

declension of gul

	singular	plural
nominative	gul	guls
genitive	gula	gulas
dative	gule	gules
accusative	guli	gulis
vocative 1	o gul!	o guls!
predicative 2	gulu	gulus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

Adjective

gul

1. Soft mutation of cul (“narrow”).

Mutation

Mutated forms of cul

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cul	gul	nghul	chul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Zazaki

Etymology

Compare Persian گل (gol).

Noun

gul

1. rose

Zou

Gul.

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ruːl. Cognates include Khimi Chin mägui and Tibetan སྦྲུལ (sbrul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡul˧/

Noun

gul

1. snake, serpent

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40