Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kök

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kȫk

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kök

1. root

Declension

Declension of *kök

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kök
Accusative	*köküg, *kökni1)
Genitive	*köknüŋ
Dative	*kökke
Locative	*kökde
Ablative	*kökden
Allative	*kökgerü
Instrumental 2)	*kökün
Equative 2)	*kökče
Similative 2)	*kökleyü
Comitative 2)	*köklügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: кӑк (kăk)
• Common Turkic:

• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: كوك (kök)
    • Uyghur: كۆك (kök)
    • Uzbek: koʻk
• Kipchak: كوك (kök), كُكْ
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karaim: кӧк
  • South Kipchak:
    • Aral:
      • Karakalpak: көк
      • Kazakh: көк (kök)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: кӱк (kük)
• Oghuz: كُكْ (kök)
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: كُوكْ (kök)
    • Azerbaijani: kök
      • → Khalaj: kök
    • Gagauz: kök
    • Ottoman Turkish: كوك (kök)
      • Turkish: kök
      • → Armenian: քոք (kʻokʻ)
      • → Ladino: kyok
  • Turkmen: kök
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: көък (kö̀k)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kök”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 284