Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kȫk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kök

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps from *kȫ- (“to rise”), alluding to the sky.

Adjective

*kȫk

1. blue
2. green, grue

Noun

*kȫk

1. sky, firmament

Declension

Declension of *kȫk

	singular 3)
nominative	*kȫk
accusative	*kȫküg, *kȫkni1)
genitive	*kȫknüŋ
dative	*kȫkke
locative	*kȫkde
ablative	*kȫkden
allative	*kȫkgerü
instrumental 2)	*kȫkün
equative 2)	*kȫkče
similative 2)	*kȫkleyü
comitative 2)	*kȫklügü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: кӑвак (kăvak)
  • → Hungarian: kék
• Common Turkic: *kȫk

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: kö̂k
• Proto-Oghuz: *gȫk
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: كُوكْ (gök)
      • Ajem-Turkic: گوگ (gög)
        • Azerbaijani: göy
          • → Udi: ҝоьй (gʲöj), гоьг (gög)
      • Gagauz: gök
      • Ottoman Turkish: گوك (gök), կէօք (gök) — Armeno-Turkish
        • Turkish: gök (göğ-)
        • → Albanian: gjok, gjog
        • → Aromanian: ghioc
  • East Oghuz:
    • Salar: gök, göger
    • Turkmen: gök (gög-)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: كُوكْ (kȫk)
    • Chagatai: كوك (kök)
      • Uyghur: كۆك (kök)
      • Uzbek: koʻk
• Kipchak: كوك (kök)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: күк (kük)
    • Tatar: күк (kük)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: kök
    • Karachay-Balkar: кёк (kök)
    • Karaim: кӧк
    • Kumyk: гёк (gök, “green/blue”), кёк (kök, “sky”)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: көк (kök)
      • Karakalpak: көк
      • Nogai: коьк (kök)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: көк (kök)
      • Southern Altai: кӧк (kök)
• Siberian:
  • Yenisei Kyrgyz: 𐰚𐰇𐰝 (kȫk)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰚 (kȫk)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽶 (kwykwy /⁠kükü⁠/), 𐰛𐰈𐰛 (kük /⁠kök⁠/), 𐫞𐫇𐫏𐫐 (qwyk /⁠ḳök⁠/), ܟܘܝܩ (kwyq /⁠kög⁠/), ܓܘܝܩ (qwyq /⁠gög⁠/), ܓܘܝܟ (qwyk /⁠gök⁠/)
    • Western Yugur: kyk (kük, “blue”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: күөх (küöq)
    • Dolgan: күөк
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: көк (kök)
      • Tofa: көк
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: кӧк
      • Shor: кӧк

See also

Colors in Proto-Turkic · *boduglar, *bodugsāyïn (layout · text)

*āk, *ürüŋ	*boŕ, *sūr, *kuba, *čāl, *oń	*kara
*kïŕïl; *āl	*koŋur, *yạgïŕ	*siarïg, *yẹgren
	*yāĺïl
	*kȫk
	*(y)ip-

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 708-709
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 640-642
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, pages 66-68
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 287
• Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 520-521
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kök”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 60, 604