𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kȫk (“sky, grue”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰚 (kük), Karakhanid كُوكْ (kök), Chuvash кӑвак (kăvak), (thus Hungarian kék,) Turkish gök and Yakut күөх (küöq).

Adjective

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. blue

   𐽾𐽰𐽴𐾂 𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽻𐽰𐽽𐽶

   Ražavart öŋlüg kök sačï

   His/her lazuli-blue hair

   𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽼𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽸𐽳 𐾀𐽳𐽺

   Kök öŋlüg bïndatu ton

   Blue silken garment

2. grayish blue
3. dun, sallow, faint, blond
   • 11th-13th century, Versification of the fifth chapter of Altun Yaruk (BT13.13)‎^[1], BT13.13.A.02.r10 (040)‎^[2]:

     𐽰𐽰𐽲 […] 𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐾀𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷

     […] ag[ïr] üčün kïlïnčlïg kök titig[.]

     […] for heavy is the pale sludge.

4. green
   • 11th century, Biography of Xuanzang, book 8‎^[3], HTVIII: 1668 (7) - HTVIII: 1669 (8):

     𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽶𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽿 […] 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷
     𐾀𐽰𐾁 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽰𐽾𐽳𐽷

     […] ačïlmïš erdi. Kök
     tallar, yipün törlüg erük[ler]

     […] [did] blossom. Green willows,
     dark red peach trees [were] […]

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. sky
2. heavens

   ܟܘܝܩ ܬܐܟܝܒ ܒܪܝܫܬܝܠܐܪ ܟܘܝܣܐܬܫܝ ܠܝܓ ܐܪܝܦ

   Kökteki vrištiler küzedčilig erip.

   Angels from the heavens, watching over.

Alternative forms

• 𐫞𐫇𐫏𐫐 (ḳök /⁠qwyk⁠/)
• ܟܘܝܩ (kög /⁠kwyq⁠/)
• ܓܘܝܩ (gög /⁠qwyq⁠/)
• ܓܘܝܟ (gök /⁠qwyk⁠/)

Compound terms

• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (kök bagïr, “spleen”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (kök kalïk, “space, cosmos, atmosphere”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽱𐽳𐽲𐽶 (kök kalïk kovukï, “firmament, sky dome”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kök kara, “navy, indigo”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽿 (kök kaš, “green jade”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽾𐽴𐾂𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (kök ražavart, “lazuli”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐾀𐽺𐽲𐽾𐽶 (kök teŋri, “heavens, sky”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽱𐽰𐽸𐽳𐽾𐽶 (kök vaiduri, “beryl, aquamarine stone”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (kök yagïz, “heaven and earth (Calque of Middle Chinese 天地 (tʰen diɪ^H))”)

Derived terms

• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kökedilmek, “to ascend to heavens”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽸𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kökedtürmek, “to praise (lit. 'to make ascend to heavens')”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kökermek, “to turn blue, to bluen”)
  • ⇒ 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kögürčgän, “dove, wood pigeon”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽺 (kökmen, “bluish”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽺 (kökmen, “silver”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš, “dark blue”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kükmek, “to be famous, praised”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: kyk (kük, “blue”)

Etymology 2

Derived from Proto-Turkic *kök (“seam”). Cognate with Chuvash кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr, “to stitch”), Tuvan көктээр (kökteer, “file, filed papers”) and Kumyk көкле (“to tack (tran.)”).

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. thin film inside eggshells
2. (anatomy, zootomy) membrane
3. (anatomy) lens of the eye
4. (sewing) seam, stitch, sewing

Derived terms

• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (köklemek, “to stitch, to bind”)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kök (“root”). Cognate with Chagatai كوك (kök), Chuvash кӑк (kăk), Turkish kök and Tuvan көък (kö̀k).

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. (botany) root

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 罟罟 (kɔX-kɔX, “a title for Mongol noblewomen”), from Middle Mongol 罟罟 (gugu, “id.”). Doublet of 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽶 (kwykwy).

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 or 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽶 (kök /kwyk/ or kükü /kwykwy/)

1. a title for Mongol noblewomen

Etymology 5

Orthographic aberration of 𐽵 (x), compare 𐽷 (k).

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. Misspelling of 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽵 (küg /⁠kywq⁠/, “song, melody”).

Etymology 6

Orthographic aberration of 𐽼 (p), compare 𐽷 (k).

Noun

𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök /kwyk/)

1. Misspelling of 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽼 (köp /⁠kywp⁠/, “many, extant”).

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (bodug), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (kïšga), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (čuza), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (kïzgïl), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (al sarïg), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (bozïrgu), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sarïg), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (karaža)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (čač)	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin)	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün)	𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čivsig), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čögsig), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazgan)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “kök”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 114
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) kök, (2) kök, (3) kök, (4) kö:k (g-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 708, 709
• Hamilton, James (2020) “kök, KYWK”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 198, 199
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kök”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[4], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (8) kök”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 400, 401