𐽰𐽰𐾁

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“scarlet”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰞 (al).

Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)

1. red

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽰 (ʾʾlʾ /⁠ala⁠/, “variegated, hazel”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“device”). Cognate with Karakhanid آل (āl, “trick, subterfuge”), Mamluk-Kipchak ال (al, “deceit”), Ottoman Turkish آل (al, “trick, trap”).

Noun

𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)

1. tool, gadget, device
   1. weapon, arms for war
2. (derogatory) deceit, cheat, dexterity
   1. skill, ableness
   2. cunning, guile
   3. shrewdness, craftiness, trickiness, subtlety
3. method, way
4. (medicine) remedy, cure
5. (religion, Buddhism) Abhupāya (अभ्युपाय), ritualistic engagement

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽰𐾁

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾllʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾlnynk)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾllʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾlkʾ)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾlyq) 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾlny)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾllʾryq) 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾllʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾltʾ)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾltyn)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾlyn)	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾlcʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾlkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾllʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾl ʾʾltʾq /⁠al altaġ⁠/, “method”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽽𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽿 (ʾʾl cʾβyš /⁠al čeviš⁠/, “strategies, methods used to win wars”)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽱𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾʾlβyrmʾk /⁠alvïrmak⁠/, “to get confused”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽾 (ʾʾlmyr /⁠almïr⁠/, “enthusiasm”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽴 (ʾʾlsyz /⁠alsïz⁠/, “unequipped, barehanded”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾʾltʾmʾk /⁠altamak⁠/, “to cheat, to deceive”)
• 𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾllyq /⁠allïġ⁠/, “cheater, crafty, smart”)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *al (“front, prior”). Cognate with Karakhanid الين (alın, “...in the presence of”) Chagatai الين (alïn, “before, in front of”).

Attested quite rarely in other historic Turkic languages, surviving only in select descendants from Proto-Turkic.

Sense 1 "below" is secondary, superseding the original meaning of "front".

Postposition

𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/)

1. under, below
2. (rare) front

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽽𐽳 (ʾʾlʾcw /⁠alaču⁠/, “hut, cottage”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾlyn /⁠alïn⁠/, “front, surface”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶 (ʾʾldyrty /⁠aldïrtï⁠/, “under, below”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾldyrtyn /⁠aldïrtïn⁠/, “front, frontward, fore, below”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾltyn /⁠altïn⁠/, “nadir, antizenith”)

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/)	𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴 (krʾz /⁠ḳaraža⁠/)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /⁠yaš⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/)	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /⁠čaḳïr⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/)
𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/)		𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “al”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 10
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “(1) a:l, (2) a:l, (3) al”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 120, 121
• Hamilton, James (2020) “al, ʾʾL”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 165
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2), (4) al”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 26, 27