𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öŋ (“color, shape”). Cognate with Kyrgyz өң (öŋ), Khakas ӧң, Yakut өҥ (öñ) and possibly Mongolian өнгө (öngö).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ /ʾwynk/)

1. color

   Synonyms: 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (bodug), بوى (boy)

2. form, shape, appearance

   Synonyms: 𐽼𐽳𐽸 (bod), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷 (körk)

   • c. 11th century, Viśvantara-Jātaka (BT13.03)‎^[1], BT13.03.02.v21 (77) - BT13.03.02.v24 (80)‎^[2]:

     𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽻𐽰𐽺𐾂𐽽𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽶𐽸𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐽶 𐾈
     𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐽹𐽳 𐽲𐽳𐾀𐽸𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽻𐽺 𐾈
     𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽳𐽻𐽳𐽴 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽰𐽳 𐽰 𐾈
     𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽰 𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽼 𐽹𐽳 𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽸𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽻𐽺 𐾉

     Küsenčig, ïduk, körklüg i!
     Küden kïlïp mu koḍduŋ sen?
     Körgüsüz, yavïz öŋ ar a!
     Köre kïlïp mu yatdïŋ sen?

     O, longed-for, sanctitious and handsome one!
     Holding your own wedding, did you leave [your bride alone]?
     O, the one among unsightly and bad-appearing people!
     Having seen this, could you sleep [soundly]?

3. face color

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽺𐽷 (eŋ), 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺𐽷 (kïŋ), 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽴 (meŋiz)

4. (rare) front, east

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ilgerü), 𐽷𐽳𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽰𐽾 (kün tugar), 𐽷𐽳𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽻𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽵𐾄 (kün tugsuk yïŋak), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺 (öŋtüŋ)

   • c. 11th century, Story of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XLI.6-XLII.1:

     𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽾𐽳 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 [..........]
     𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺
     [......] 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽲𐽸𐽶 𐾈

     [..........] Ötrü tégin
     balïğ ičine kirdi, öŋtün
     qapaǧqa tegdi. [......]

     [..........] Then, the prince
     entered the city and to the Eastern
     gate he reached towards. [......]

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwynklʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynknwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynklʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynkkʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽲 (ʾwynkwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynkny)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwynklʾryq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynklʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynktʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynktyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾwynkwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾwynkčʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwynkkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwynklʾyw)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (öŋüč, “windpipe, glottis”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾 (öŋür, “skirt lapel”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öŋürmek, “to get close”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶 (öŋi, “unique, separate”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽸𐽳 (öŋdü, “tradition”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öŋsiremek, “to fade, to become faint (of colors)”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰 (öŋre, “before”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺 (öŋtün, “towards east, right side”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öŋlemek, “to color”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *öŋ (“uninhabited, desolate area”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰇𐰭 (öŋ, “desert”), Kyrgyz ээн (een), Tuvan ээн (een, “deserted”).

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ /ʾwynk/)

1. (geography) desert

   Synonyms: 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐽹 (kum), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (kürtük), 𐾁𐽶𐽳𐽿𐽰 (liuša), 𐽻𐽰𐽶 (say), 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽾𐽷𐽰𐽺 (tepirgen), 𐾀𐽼𐽶𐽴 (tepiz)

   • 13-14th century, Maitrisimit Nom Bitig‎^[3], r20(MaitrGeng1860):

     𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽰𐽺𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷[𐽸𐽰]

     […] tapanmïš üčün öŋte kürtük[de] […]

     For he served, in deserts and [in] wastelands […]

2. (geography) snowy wasteland

   Synonym: 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲 (karlïg)

   • undated, Manichaean fragmentary text possibly from a sermon‎^[4], MTT556 (M813a:r8) - MTT557 (M813a:r9)‎^[5]:

     𐫔𐫀𐫖𐫡 𐫁𐫇𐫔𐫇𐫗 𐫀𐫀 [??????] 𐫗𐫃
     𐫞𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫎𐫇𐫐 𐫏𐫏𐫡𐫔𐫀 [???] 𐫡𐫀𐫡

     […] tamïr boḍun a[nta ö]ŋ
     körtük yérde [yo?]rar […]

     […] [walk?] in the snowy wasteland
     with their bodies laden with veins, […]

3. (geography) virgin land

   Synonym: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽷 (kürtük)

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwynklʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynknwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynklʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynkkʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽲 (ʾwynkwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynkny)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwynklʾryq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynklʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynktʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynktyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾwynkwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾwynkčʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwynkkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwynklʾyw)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (öŋ yér, “desert”)

Etymology 3

Unknown. Possibly from a Pre-Turkic substrate language.

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ /ʾwynk/)

1. (rare) share, margin

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ülüg), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽿 (ülüš)

2. (rare) gift

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽳𐾀 (artut), 𐽼𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽷 (belek), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽽 (közünč)

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwynklʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynknwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynklʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynkkʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽲 (ʾwynkwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynkny)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwynklʾryq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynklʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynktʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynktyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾwynkwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾwynkčʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwynkkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwynklʾyw)

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 王 (*ɦuaŋ, “king”). The back-voweled variant, 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 (oŋ /⁠ʾwnk⁠/), can also be seen attested in the corpus.

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ /ʾwynk/)

1. king, ruler

   Synonyms: 𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (élig), 𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽰𐽷𐽲𐽸𐽰𐽾 (ganahdar), 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (han), 𐽷𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kagan), 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽷𐽶 (prašniké), 𐽿𐽰𐽸 (šad), 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐽲𐽳 (yavgu)

2. prince

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺 (oglan), 𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽼𐽳𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽰 (račaputira), 𐾀𐽰𐽶𐽴𐽶 (taizé), 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (tégin)

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwynklʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynknwnk)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynklʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynkkʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽲 (ʾwynkwq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynkny)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾwynklʾryq) 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwynklʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynktʾ)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾwynklʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynktyn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 (ʾwynkwn)	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwynklʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾwynkčʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwynkkʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwynklʾyw)

Etymology 5

A late, perhaps a dialectal reading of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲 (ög, “mother”). The presumed -ɣ > -ŋ sound shift is uncharacteristic of any surrounding Turkic language at this time.

Noun

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ /ʾwynk/)

1. Misspelling of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲 (ög /⁠ʾwyq⁠/, “mother, mind, memory”).

Adjective

𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ)

1. Misspelling of 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲 (ög /⁠ʾwyq⁠/, “main, fundamental”).

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (bodug), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (kïšga), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (čuza), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (kïzgïl), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (al sarïg), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (bozïrgu), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sarïg), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (karaža)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (čač)	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin)	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün)	𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čivsig), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čögsig), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazgan)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “öng”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 151
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “1 (öŋ), (2) öŋ, (3) öŋ (?üŋ)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 167-168
• Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 47
• Hamilton, James (2020) “öŋ”, in Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 210, 211
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(2) oŋ”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 510
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) öŋ, (2) öŋ, (3) öŋ, (4) öŋ, (7) öŋ”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 533-534