𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁

Old Uyghur

Etymology

From 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš, “wet, fresh, young”) +‎ -𐽶𐾁 (-ïl). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yāĺïl (“green”), similarly from *yāĺ (“young, green”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïz- + -ïl).

For sense 2 "yellow", see Dolgan һаһар (hahar, “yellow”), Yakut саһар (sahar, “to turn yellow”), Yakut саһархай (saharqay, “yellow”). The semantic shift of "green" > "yellow" can be seen partially in Siberian languages. However it should be noted that 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl) with the meaning "yellow" is not found in the surviving corpus.

Adjective

𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 or 𐽶𐽿𐾁 (yašïl /yʾšïl/ or y(a)š(ï)l /yšl/)

1. green

   Synonyms: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč)

   𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽰𐽷

   yašïl burčak

   vetch, green beans

   • c. 11th century, Biography of Xuanzang, book 7, page unknown‎^[1], HTVII: 0441 (1) - HTVII: 0442 (2):

     𐾈 𐽶𐽰𐽸𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽼 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽳𐾁𐽰𐽲
     𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽸𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽾𐽷𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽷

     Yagdalï up yašïl solaglïg
     bitigdeki yinčürgülük […]

     The book with green chains (綠鎖),
     [one] can indeed recognize the venerability [of it] […]

   • undated, Fragmentary papyri from Turfan region in Orkhon script‎^[2], Steine 26 - Steine 27:

     𐰀:𐰆𐰞𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰸:𐱃𐰽𐰃𐰭:𐱁𐰆𐰉𐰃:𐰖
     𐰀𐰾𐰃𐰞:𐰉𐰆𐰞𐱁𐰺:𐰚𐰢:𐰇𐰔𐰃𐰤

     […] [yém]e ol-ok tašïŋ šuvï y
     ašïl bolsar kem özinte […]

     […] [No]w, if the liquid [coming from] that stone should be
     green, whoever [held the stone on] them […]

2. (rare) yellow, greenish-yellow

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (bodug), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (kïšga), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (čuza), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (kïzgïl), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (al sarïg), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (bozïrgu), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sarïg), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (karaža)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (čač)	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin)	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün)	𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čivsig), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čögsig), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazgan)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yaşıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 289
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yaşıl (?ya:şıl)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 977
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) yašıl ~ y(a)š(ı)l”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 874-875