𐽰𐽰𐽲

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 惡 (ʔak̚, “bad”).

Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak /ʾʾq/)

1. hated, hateful, despicable

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽽𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶

   ak sakïnčlïg ak yagï

   hated enemy with hateful thoughts

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲

   ak yazuk

   a despicable sin

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶 (ak yagï, “hated enemy”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲 (ak yazuk, “a despicable sin”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽿𐽶 (ak karšï, “someone who seeks out quarrels”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽽𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ak sakïnčlïg, “one with hateful thoughts”)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽲 (aklamaklïg, “with hate”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽲 (aklančïg, “disgusting, irking”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Common Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (ak), Karakhanid ااقْ (âq), Yakut ак (ak), Turkish ak.

Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak /ʾʾq/)

1. white

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄𐽰𐽰𐾀 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰

   ak at birle ak yaŋa

   a white stallion and a white elephant

2. clear, light
3. good, favorable

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽿 (ak aš, “rice pudding (lit. 'white dish', 'flour, milk and rice', thought to be identical to the Turkish dish sütlaç)”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽹 (Ak atlïg seŋrem, “Bai Ma Si, (白馬寺)”), first Buddhist temple in China
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺 (ak hatun, “theatrical performer, exclusively used for women”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐽻𐾀𐽳𐽷 (ak yastuk, “silver (lit. 'white ingot')”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (ak taš, “chalk (lit. 'white stone')”)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (akarmak, “to whiten, to become clear”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶𐽲 (aksïg, “whitish, pale”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: aq

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (bodug), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (kïšga), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (čuza), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (kïzgïl), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (al sarïg), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (bozïrgu), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sarïg), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (karaža)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (čač)	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart)
𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin)	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün)	𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čivsig), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čögsig), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazgan)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “aḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 9
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) ak, (2) ak”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 22-23