𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺
Old Uyghur
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾypkyn /ipgin/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽵𐾄𐽶𐽺 (yypẍyn /yipgïn/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽳𐽺 (yypkwn /yipkün/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yypwn /yipün/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽶𐽺 (yypyn /yipin/), 𐽿𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (šypkyn /šipkin/)
- 𐫏𐫏𐫛𐫇𐫗 (yypwn /yibün/), 𐫏𐫛𐫏𐫇𐫗 (ypywn /y(i)bün/)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yipkin (“purple, dark red”), from earlier *(y)ip-, further origin unknown. Either from a derivation of Old Uyghur 𐽶𐽶𐽼 (yip, “string, thread, (and by extension) silk”), or from a Pre-Turkic substrate language. Cognate with Karakhanid یِپْگِنْ (yipgin), Chagatai ایپكن (épgin, ipgin), Mamluk-Kipchak ایپكن (ipkin) and Tuvan өкпең (ökpeñ).
This word is attested quite sporadically in the corpus, with multiple forms being hapax legomena. The spelling 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin /yypkyn/) is the most common, followed by 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün /yypwn/). Both derive from the same Proto-Turkic root, with different suffixations.
Noun sense is derived from the color, rather than the reverse.
Adjective
[edit]𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin, yépgin/)
Compound terms
[edit]- 𐽰𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽸 𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽰𐽾 (ipgin ed tavar, “purple cloth or silk”)
- 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (Yipün öŋlüg yalïn yaruklug sïruklug élig, “The banner-holding ruler bestowed with violet-colored fire and flame, an epithet of Buddha”)
- 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 𐽻𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽾 (yipün saparir, “rose-tinted quartz”)
- 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽿𐽶𐽲 (yipün čivšig, “pink”)
- 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽸𐽳 (yipgin ordo, “Chinese royal court (lit. 'Purple palace')”)
Noun
[edit]𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 or 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 or 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽶𐽺 (yipgin, yépgin /yypkyn/ or yipün /yypwn/ or yipin /yypyn/)
- (botany) violet, any flower from the family Violaceae
- (botany) lotus, any plant from the genus Nymphaea
Declension
[edit]| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 (yypkynlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (yypkynnynk) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (yypkynlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 (yypkynkʾ) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (yypkynlʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽲 (yypkynyq) 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽺𐽶 (yypkynny) |
𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (yypkynlʾryq) 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (yypkynlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰 (yypkyntʾ) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (yypkynlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yypkyntyn) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (yypkynlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺 (yypkynyn) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (yypkynlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰 (yypkyncʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (yypkynkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (yypkynlʾyw) |
See also
[edit]| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /ak/), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (cʾqʾn /čagan/), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (qyšqʾ /kïšga/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /yürüŋ/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /boz/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /kara/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (cwzʾ /čuza/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (qyzqyl /kïzgïl/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /kïzïl/) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾl sʾryq /al sarïg/), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /ar/), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (pwzyrqw /bozïrgu/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /yagïz/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /sarïg/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (krʾzʾkq /karaža/) |
| 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /yaš/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yašïl/), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zrqwnc /zargunč/) | ||
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /čač/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /čakïr/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /köküš/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/) |
| 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yypwn /yipün/) | 𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (cyβsyq /čivsig/), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (cwyksyq /čögsig/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /kïzgan/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /sazgan/) |
References
[edit]- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “yipin, yipkin, yipün”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, pages 297, 298
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yipin/yipün”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 875
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yipgil (Hap. leg.)/yipgün”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 875, 876
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “yipgin, yipin, yipkin, yipün”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 905