𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (q̈yzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kyzyl /⁠kïzïl, kizil⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (qyzqyl /⁠ḳïzgïl⁠/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐾄𐽶𐾁 (kyz̈yl /⁠kïžïl⁠/)
• 𐫃𐫏𐫊𐫏𐫓 (gyžyl /⁠kïžïl⁠/)

Etymology

By surface analysis, 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kyzʾrmʾk /⁠kïzar-⁠/, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) +‎ -𐽶𐾁 (-yl /⁠-ïl⁠/, “deverbal suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yaš- + -ïl⁠/).

Cognates 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽲 (qyzʾmwq /⁠ḳïzamuḳ⁠/, “measles, rubella”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzʾrtmʾq /⁠ḳïzartmaḳ⁠/, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (qyzkwrmʾq /⁠ḳïzġurmaḳ⁠/, “to embarrass”) and 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽳𐾀 (qyzqwt /⁠ḳïzġut⁠/, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽲* (*ḳïz-, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.

Written forms with gimel-heth (𐽲) suggest a more uvular or a "rough" pronunciation, represented with ḳ-, while forms with kaph (𐽷) suggest a more velar or a "soft" articulation, represented with k-.

Adjective

𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)

1. red, vermilion, cinnabar
2. red-hot, searing-hot
3. raw, unprocessed (of meat)

   𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐾀 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲𐾄

   q̈yzyl ʾt tʾncwq̈

   /ḳïzïl et tančuġ/

   small slices of raw meat

Noun

𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /ḳïzïl/)

1. (anatomy) menstrual discharge, period blood

   𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾

   ywrwnk q̈yzyl tyklylʾr

   /Yürüŋ ḳïzïl tigléler./

   Reproductive cores of men (sperm) and women (menstrual blood).

Declension

Declension of 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyllʾr)
genitive	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzylnynk)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzyllʾrnynk)
dative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽲𐽰 (qyzylqʾ)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qyzyllʾrqʾ)
accusative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qyzylyq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (qyzylny)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyllʾryq), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qyzyllʾrny)
locative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 (qyzyltʾ)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qyzyllʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyltyn)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (qyzylyn)	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾryn)
equative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (qyzylcʾ)
directive	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qyzylkʾrw), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽾𐽰 (qyzylrʾ)
similative	𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qyzyllʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyl ʾwzyqlʾr /⁠ḳïzïl užiḳlar⁠/, “royal orders and decrees”, literally “vermillion marks [on paper]”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 (qyzyl ʾd /⁠ḳïzïl et⁠/, “raw meat, fresh game”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽱𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺 (qyzyl βrqʾrswyn /⁠ḳïzïl virgersün⁠/, “rosalgar, red sulphur, yellow arsenic”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (qyzyl yyncw /⁠ḳïzïl yinčü⁠/, “ruby, hyacinth”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyl sʾryq /⁠ḳïzïl sarïġ⁠/, “orange”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /⁠ḳïzïl baḳïr⁠/, “copper”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (qyzyl pʾqyr /⁠ḳïzïl baġïr⁠/, “pancreas^?”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽰 (qyzyl cwzʾʾ /⁠ḳïzïl čuža⁠/, “cinnabar stone, vermillion”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (qyzyl cyntʾn /⁠ḳïzïl čintan⁠/, “sappanwood, Caesalpinia sappan, L.”)
• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 (qyzyl tykly /⁠ḳïzïl tiglé⁠/, “menstrual blood”, literally “red waterdrop”)

Derived terms

• 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽲 (qyzylsyq /⁠ḳïzïlsïġ⁠/, “reddish”)

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwynk /⁠öŋ⁠/) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /⁠aḳ⁠/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /⁠yürüŋ⁠/)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /⁠boz⁠/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)	𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳara⁠/)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /⁠al⁠/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /⁠ḳïzïl⁠/)	𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /⁠ar⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /⁠yaġïz⁠/)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /⁠sarïġ⁠/)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /⁠yašïl⁠/)
𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /⁠čač⁠/)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /⁠kök⁠/)	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /⁠köküš⁠/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /⁠razavart⁠/)
𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /⁠yipgin⁠/)		𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /⁠ḳïzġan⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /⁠sazġan⁠/)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳızıl, ḳızgıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kızıl”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 377