𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁
Old Uyghur
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (q̈yzyl /ḳïzïl/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kyzyl /kïzïl, kizil/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (qyzqyl /kïzgïl/), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐾄𐽶𐾁 (kyżyl /kïžïl/)
- 𐫃𐫏𐫊𐫏𐫓 (kïžïl /qyżyl/)
Etymology
[edit]From 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzar-, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) + -𐽶𐾁 (-ïl). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”), similarly from *kï̄ŕ- (“to be hot, to glow, to redden”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yaš- + -ïl).
Cognates 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽷 (kïzamuk, “measles, rubella”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzartmak, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzgurmak, “to embarrass”) and 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐾀 (kïzgut, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽷* (*kïzmak, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.
Written forms with gimel-heth (𐽲) suggest a more uvular or a voiced pronunciation of the initial k-, while forms with kaph (𐽷) suggest a more velar or an unvoiced articulation.
Adjective
[edit]𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /kïzïl/)
- red
- red-hot
- raw, unprocessed (of meat)
- 𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽾 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈
- ʾwl ʾr qyzyl ʾd tʾncwq yyywr ʾrdy
- /Ol er kïzïl et tančug yéyür erdi./
- That man was eating small slices of raw meat.
Noun
[edit]𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl /qyzyl/)
Declension
[edit]| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qyzyllʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzylnynk) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qyzyllʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰 (qyzylkʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (qyzyllʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (qyzylyq) 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽺𐽶 (qyzylny) |
𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qyzyllʾryq) 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qyzyllʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 (qyzyltʾ) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qyzyllʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyltyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽺 (qyzylyn) | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qyzyllʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽰 (qyzylcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qyzylkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qyzyllʾyw) |
Compound terms
[edit]- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (kïzïl užiklar, “royal orders and decrees”, literally “vermillion-red marks [on paper]”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 (kïzïl et, “raw meat, fresh game”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽱𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺 (kïzïl virgersün, “rosalgar, red sulphur, yellow arsenic”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (kïzïl yinčü, “ruby, hyacinth stone”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵 (kïzïl sarïg, “orange”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (kïzïl bagïr, “an internal organ (pancreas?)”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (kïzïl bakïr, “copper”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰𐽰 (kïzïl čuža, “cinnabar stone, vermillion”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (kïzïl čintan, “sappanwood, Caesalpinia sappan, L.”)
- 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 (kïzïl tiglé, “menstrual blood”, literally “red waterdrop”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾq /ak/), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (cʾqʾn /čagan/), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (qyšqʾ /kïšga/), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ywrwnk /yürüŋ/) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (pwz /boz/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /kara/) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl /al/), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (cwzʾ /čuza/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (qyzqyl /kïzgïl/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (qyzyl /kïzïl/) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾl sʾryq /al sarïg/), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾr /ar/), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (pwzyrqw /bozïrgu/), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yʾqyz /yagïz/) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sʾryq /sarïg/), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (krʾzʾkq /karaža/) |
| 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yʾš /yaš/), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yʾšyl /yašïl/), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zrqwnc /zargunč/) | ||
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (cʾc /čač/) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (cʾkyr /čakïr/), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kwyk /kök/) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (kwykwš /köküš/), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/) |
| 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (rzʾβrt /razavart/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yypkyn /yipgin/), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yypwn /yipün/) | 𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (cyβsyq /čivsig/), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (cwyksyq /čögsig/), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (qyzqʾn /kïzgan/), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sʾzqʾn /sazgan/) |
References
[edit]- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳızıl, ḳızgıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kızıl”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 377