𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁

Old Uyghur

Etymology

From 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzar-, “to redden, to get hot, to get fried”) +‎ -𐽶𐾁 (-ïl). Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”), similarly from *kïŕ- (“to be hot, to glow, to redden”). Compare the identical suffixation in 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yaš- + -ïl).

Cognates 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽹𐽳𐽷 (kïzamuk, “measles, rubella”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzartmak, “to fry, to make hot and glow”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan, “rose (color), pink”), 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (kïzgurmak, “to embarrass”) and 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽷𐽳𐾀 (kïzgut, “punishment”) suggest a common verb root 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽹𐽰𐽷* (*kïzmak, "to turn red"), however, such a verb is not attested.

Written forms with gimel-heth (𐽲) suggest a more uvular or a voiced pronunciation of the initial k-, while forms with kaph (𐽷) suggest a more velar or an unvoiced articulation.

Adjective

𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 or 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 or 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 or 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 or 𐽷𐽶𐽴𐾂𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl /q̈yzyl/ or kïzïl /qyzyl/ or kïzïl /kyzyl/ or kïzgïl /qyzqyl/ or kïžïl /kyżyl/)

red
red-hot
raw, unprocessed (of meat)
𐽰𐽳𐾁 𐽰𐽾 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽲 𐽶𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶 𐾈
Ol er kïzïl et tančug yéyür erdi.
That man was eating small slices of raw meat.

Noun

𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl /q̈yzyl/)

(anatomy) menstrual discharge, period blood
𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾
Yürüŋ kïzïl tigléler.
Reproductive cores of men (sperm) and women (menstrual blood).

Alternative forms

𐫃𐫏𐫊𐫏𐫓 (kïžïl /⁠qyżyl⁠/)

Compound terms

𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽸 (kïzïl et, “raw meat, fresh game”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽾 (kïzïl bagïr, “an internal organ (pancreas?)”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽼𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (kïzïl bakïr, “copper”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽺 (kïzïl čintan, “sappanwood, Caesalpinia sappan, L.”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐾂𐽰𐽰 (kïzïl čuža, “cinnabar stone, vermillion”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵 (kïzïl sarïg, “orange”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶 (kïzïl tiglé, “menstrual blood (lit. "red waterdrop")”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐾂𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (kïzïl užiklar, “royal orders and decrees (lit. "vermillion-red marks [on paper]")”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽱𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺 (kïzïl virgersün, “rosalgar, red sulphur, yellow arsenic”)
𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽳 (kïzïl yinčü, “ruby, hyacinth stone”)

Derived terms

𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁𐽻𐽶𐽲 (kïzïlsïg, “reddish”)

References

Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ḳızıl, ḳızgıl”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 178
Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) kızıl”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 377

𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz)	𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽹 (ïŋïrdïm), 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽾𐽲𐾄𐽰 (bozurga), 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾁𐽰 (kula), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵 (sarïg), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl)
	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)
	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin, yépgin)