Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kir

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kir

1. dirt

Declension

Declension of *kir

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kir
Accusative	*kirig, *kirni1)
Genitive	*kirniŋ
Dative	*kirke
Locative	*kirte
Ablative	*kirten
Allative	*kirgerü
Instrumental 2)	*kirin
Equative 2)	*kirče
Similative 2)	*kirleyü
Comitative 2)	*kirligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • ⇒ Chuvash: кирӗк (kirĕk)
• Common Turkic: *kir

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: kir
    • Ottoman Turkish: كیر (kir)
      • Turkish: kir
  • Turkmen: kir
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: کیرْ
    • Uzbek: kir
    • Uyghur: كىر (kir)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: кер (ker)
    • Tatar: кер (ker)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кир (kir)
    • Southern Altai: кир (kir)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: кір (kır)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: kir
    • Karachay-Balkar: кир (kir)
    • Kumyk: кир (kir)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: кир (kir)
      • Dolgan: кир
  • Southern Siberian:
    • Tuvan: хир (xir)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 735
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 271
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) “кир”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 69-70
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kir”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill