Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ol

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

The oblique form *an- is comparable to Proto-Mongolic *ïn- (“third person singular pronoun”) and *an- (“third person plural pronoun”), neither of which appear in the nominative case.

Pronoun

*ol

1. (personal) third person singular and plural pronoun; he, she, it
2. (demonstrative) that

   Synonym: *tẹ

   Antonym: *bū

Postposition

*ol

1. Denotes "to be" for third person singular when at the end of a noun; is.
2. Denotes third person singular after various verb tenses.

Declension

Declension of *ol (pronominal-n declension)

	Singular
Nominative	*ol
Accusative	*anï
Genitive	*anïŋ
Dative	*aŋa
Locative	*anta
Ablative	*antan
Allative 1)	*aŋaru
Instrumental 1)	*anïn
Equative 1)	*anča
Similative 1)	*anlayu
Comitative 1)	*anlïgu

1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.

Derived terms

• *ol-ar (“they”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: ول
    • Chuvash: вӑл (văl)
• Common Turkic:
  • → Chinese: 兀 (wù) (that)

• Old Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹ /⁠ol⁠/)
  • Karakhanid: اُلْ (ol)
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: ô
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: اول (ol)
    • Azerbaijani: o
    • Ottoman Turkish: او (o), اول (ol)
      • Turkish: o
      • Gagauz: o
  • Salar: u
  • Turkmen: ol
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (ol)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: ол
    • Karachay-Balkar: ол (ol)
    • Kumyk: ол (ol)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ул (ul)
    • Tatar: ул (ul)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: ол (ol)
      • Karakalpak: ol
      • Nogai: ол (ol)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: ал (al), ол (ol)
      • Southern Altai: ол (ol)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: او (u), اول (ul)
    • Uzbek: u
    • Uyghur: ئۇ (u)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: ол (ol)
    • Yakut: ол (ol) (inanimate)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: ол (ol)
      • Tuvan: ол (ol)
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: ол (ol)
      • Shor: ол (ol)

References

• Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 99, 132
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ol”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 123
• Janhunen, Juha (2003) The Mongolic Languages‎^[1], Routledge, →ISBN, page 18
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 444
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “o”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 360