Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tẹ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *te (“that”), Proto-Tungusic *ta- (“that”), Proto-Uralic *tä (“that”). Compare also modern Mongolian тэр (ter) and Evenki тар (tar). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Some of the descendants point to a derivation *tẹ +‎ *-ki. The reasoning for rounding in some forms is uncertain.

Pronoun

*tẹ

1. that

   Synonym: *ol (“he, she, it; that”)

Declension

Declension of *tẹ (pronominal-n declension)

	Singular
Nominative	*tẹ
Accusative	*tẹni
Genitive	*tẹniŋ
Dative	*tẹŋe
Locative	*tẹnte
Ablative	*tẹnten
Allative 1)	*tẹŋerü
Instrumental 1)	*tẹn
Equative 1)	*tẹnče
Similative 1)	*tẹnleyü
Comitative 1)	*tẹnligü

1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: те (te)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Gagauz: te bu (“this there”), te o (“that there”)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Salar: düğü, tüü
    • Turkmen: şütki, şütüki, bitiki
• Kipchak:
  • • Cuman: [script needed] (tigi)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: теге (tege)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: [script needed] (tigi) (dialectal)
      • East Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: тиги (tigi)
        • Southern Altai: тиги (tigi), ту (tu)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: ити (iti)
    • Yakut: ити (iti)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tofa: тээ (tee)
      • Tuvan: дөө (döö)
    • Yeniseian Turkic:
      • Khakas: теге (tege, “so, thus”)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ti-(kü)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 479