Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yagmur

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From earlier *yagmïr from *yag- (“to rain”) +‎ *-mïr.

Noun

*yagmur

1. rain

   Synonym: *özgēn

Declension

Declension of *yagmur

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yagmur
Accusative	*yagmurug, *yagmurnï1)
Genitive	*yagmurnuŋ
Dative	*yagmurka
Locative	*yagmurta
Ablative	*yagmurtan
Allative	*yagmurgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yagmurun
Equative 2)	*yagmurča
Similative 2)	*yagmurlayu
Comitative 2)	*yagmurlugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫумӑр (śumăr)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: yağmur
      • Ottoman Turkish: یاغمور (yağmur)
        • Turkish: yağmur
        • Gagauz: yaamur
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ýagmyr
  • Salar: yağmır
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: يَغْمُرْ (yaɣmur)
    • Chagatai: یَامْغُورْ (yāmğūr)
      • Uyghur: يامغۇر (yamghur)
      • Uzbek: yomgʻir
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (yamğur), [script needed] (yamğır), [script needed] (yağmur)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ямғыр (yamğır)
    • Tatar: яңгыр (yañgır)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yağmur
    • Karachay-Balkar: джангур (cañur), джанъур (cañur)
    • Kumyk: янгур (yañur)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: jamǵır
    • Kazakh: жаңбыр (jañbyr)
    • Nogai: ямгыр (yamgır)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жамгыр (jamgır)
    • Southern Altai: јаҥмыр (ǰaŋmïr), јaмгыр (ǰamgïr)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (jağmur, “rain”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: һамыыр (hamıır)
    • Yakut: самыыр (samıır)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: наңмыр (nañmır)
      • Shor: нағбур (nağbur), нағбыр (nağbır)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 24
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yağmur”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 903
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “yağmur”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 439
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yağmur”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 177
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 57
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jag-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[3], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill