Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/küneĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kün (“the Sun, day”) +‎ *-e- +‎ *-ĺ. According to Nişanyan, although the verb *küne- is unattested, it could have existed with the meaning "to shine", compare *yaĺčuk (“sun”) from *yaĺču- (“to shine”).

Ünal, considering Proto-Mongolic *asa- (“to burn”) and Proto-Yeniseian *pʰal (“warm”) as Turkic borrowings, reconstructs an ad hoc *(h)āĺ ("heat") which is not found in any daughter language and considers this word to be a compound of it and *kün (“the Sun, day”).

Rasanen instead considers it as contamination of *kuńāĺ with *kün.

Whether *kuńāĺ (“sunny place”) is a secondary form of this or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.

Noun

*küneĺ

1. sunny place
2. sun heat
3. (astronomy) sun

   Synonym: *kuńāĺ

Declension

Declension of *küneĺ

	singular 3)
nominative	*küneĺ
accusative	*küneĺig, *küneĺni1)
genitive	*küneĺniŋ
dative	*küneĺke
locative	*küneĺte
ablative	*küneĺten
allative	*küneĺgerü
instrumental 2)	*küneĺin
equative 2)	*küneĺče
similative 2)	*küneĺleyü
comitative 2)	*küneĺligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:
• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: künəş
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ajem Turkic:
      • Azerbaijani: günəş
      • Qashqai: [script needed] (günes)
    • Ottoman Turkish: كونش
      • Turkish: güneş
      • Gagauz: güneş
      • → Crimean Tatar: küneş
      • → Karaim: кӱнэш
      • → Krymchak: [script needed] (günäš)
      • → Kumyk: гюнеш (güneş)
    • → Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: [script needed] (könäs)
      • →? Kyrgyz: күнөш (künöş)
      • →? Southern Altai: кӱнеш (küneš)
    • → Chagatai:
  • Salar: güniş
  • Turkmen: güneş
• Old Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰛𐰈𐰤𐰾 (küneš, “sunshine”)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “küneş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 734
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güneş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 309