Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-iĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï	E / I	O / U	Ö / Ü
*-ïĺ	*-iĺ	*-uĺ	*-üĺ

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-l (“suffix forming nouns designating abstract ideas from verbs”).

Suffix

*-iĺ

1. Forms deverbal nouns.

   ‎*ȫk- (“to heap up”) + ‎*-iĺ → ‎*ȫküĺ (“many”)

Usage notes

1. Unlike in Middle Turkic and onwards, the suffix originally had a dominant vowel.

   ‎*karga- (“to curse”) + ‎*-iĺ → ‎*kargïš (“curse”)

2. In Common Turkic, upon being affixed into a verb ending in *-š, crasis from *-šVš to *-š occured.

   ‎*kōš- (“to couple”) + ‎*-iĺ → ‎*kōš (“couple”)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-iĺ

References

• Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 262
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page xlv
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+Iş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük