Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/āy

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*āy

(astronomy) moon
(time) month

Declension

Declension of *āy
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*āy
accusative	āyïg, āynï¹⁾
genitive	*āynïŋ
dative	*āyka
locative	*āyda
ablative	*āydan
allative	*āygaru
instrumental ²⁾	*āyïn
equative ²⁾	*āyča
similative ²⁾	*āylayu
comitative ²⁾	*āylïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: اَيخِ (ayxı, “month (determined)”), ايخ (ayıx, “month”) (< *āy-ïk)
  - Chuvash: уйӑх (ujăh)
Common Turkic: *ay

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hây
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: آیْ (ay)
  - Azerbaijani: ay
  - Gagauz: ay
  - Ottoman Turkish: آی
    - Turkish: ay
- Salar: ay
- Turkmen: aý
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: ااىْ (āy)^[1]
  - Chagatai:
    - Uyghur: ئاي (ay)
    - Uzbek: oy
Kypchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ай (ay)
  - Tatar: ай (ay)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: ay
  - Karachay-Balkar: ай (ay)
  - Karaim: aj
  - Kumyk: ай (ay)
- Kypchak-Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: ay
  - Kazakh: ай (ai)
  - Nogai: ай (ay)
- Kyrgyz–Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: ай (ay)
  - Southern Altai: ай (ay)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰖 (y¹ /⁠ay⁠/)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾy), 𐰖 (y¹ /⁠ay⁠/), 𐫀𐫀𐫏 (ʾʾy /⁠ay⁠/), ܐܝ (ʾy /⁠ay⁠/)
  - Western Yugur: aj (/⁠ay⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: ый (ıy)
  - Yakut: ый (ıy)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: ай
    - Tuvan: ай (ay)
  - Yenisei
    - Khakas: ай (ay)
    - Shor: ай

References

^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 82

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 265
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ay”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 10
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 98-99

[1] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 82

[1]