Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/āy

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*āy

1. (astronomy) moon
2. (time) month

Declension

Declension of *āy

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*āy
Accusative	*āyïg, *āynï1)
Genitive	*āynïŋ
Dative	*āyka
Locative	*āyda
Ablative	*āydan
Allative	*āygaru
Instrumental 2)	*āyïn
Equative 2)	*āyča
Similative 2)	*āylayu
Comitative 2)	*āylïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: اَيخِ (ayxı, “month (determined)”), ايخ (ayıx, “month”) (< *āy-ïk)
    • Chuvash: уйӑх (ujăh)
• Common Turkic: *ay

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: hây
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: ay
    • Ottoman Turkish: آی
      • Gagauz: ay
      • Turkish: ay
  • Salar: ay
  • Turkmen: aý
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: ااىْ (āy)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uyghur: ئاي (ay)
      • Uzbek: oy
• Kypchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ай (ay)
    • Tatar: ай (ay)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: ay
    • Karachay-Balkar: ай (ay)
    • Karaim: aj
    • Kumyk: ай (ay)
  • Kypchak-Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: ay
    • Kazakh: ай (ai)
    • Nogai: ай (ay)
  • Kyrgyz–Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: ай (ay)
    • Southern Altai: ай (ay)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰖 (y¹ /⁠ay⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur:
      • Western Yugur: ay
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: ый (ıy)
    • Yakut: ый (ıy)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: ай
      • Tuvan: ай (ay)
    • Yenisei
      • Khakas: ай (ay)
      • Shor: ай

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 265
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ay”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 10
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 98-99