𐽰𐽰𐽶

Old Uyghur

Alternative forms

• 𐰖 (y¹ /⁠ay⁠/)
• 𐫀𐫀𐫏 (ʾʾy /⁠ay⁠/)
• ܐܝ (ʾy /⁠ay⁠/)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āy (“the Moon, month”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰖 (y¹ /⁠ay⁠/), Khalaj های (/⁠hây⁠/), Bulgar ايخ (/⁠ayïχ⁠/), Yakut ый (ıy) and Turkish ay.

Noun

𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾy /ay/)

1. (astronomy) the Moon, sole natural satellite of the Earth

   Synonyms: 𐽹𐽰𐽲 (mʾq /⁠mah⁠/), 𐽻𐽳𐽹𐽰 (swmʾ /⁠soma⁠/)

   • c. 10th century, Xᵘāstvānīft manuscript (London)‎^[1], T.II.C.20 - T.II.C.23 / Chuast_L 020 (Chuast 058) - Chuast_L 023 (Chuast 061)‎^[2]:

     𐫗𐫀𐫝𐫀 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫞𐫇𐫢 […]
     𐫏𐫁𐫓𐫀𐫠 𐫝𐫇𐫓𐫁𐫇𐫇 𐫘𐫀𐫁
     𐫘𐫇𐫏𐫉𐫓𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡 𐫵 𐫏𐫖𐫀
     𐫞𐫇𐫏𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫏 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫓𐫇𐫡 𐫎𐫏𐫔𐫖𐫉 𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡 [𐫵]

     […] nʾcʾ ʾwyqwx
     yβlʾq̈ cwlβww sʾβ
     swyzlʾḏmz ʾrsʾr : ymʾ
     qwyn ʾʾy ʾwylwr ṭyḏmz ʾrsʾr [:]

     / […] Neče üküḫ
     yavlaḳ čulvuu sav
     sözleḍimiz erser, yéme
     kün ay ölür ṭeḍimiz erser, […] /

     […] If we should somehow have used much blasphemous speech, and if we should have said "The Sun and the Moon will perish (die out.)" […]

2. (time) month, a complete revolution of the Moon spanning either twenty-nine or thirty days

   𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽿 𐽼𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷𐽽𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽶

   q̈yš pʾšlʾqy twnkcy ʾʾy

   /Ḳïš bašlaġï tuŋčï ay./

   The month of the winter equinox.

Declension

Declension of 𐽰𐽰𐽶

	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾy)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾylʾr)
genitive	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾynynk)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾylʾrnynk)
dative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾykʾ)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾylʾrkʾ)
accusative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾyyq) 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾyny)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾylʾryq) 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾylʾrny)
locative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾytʾ)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾylʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾytyn)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾylʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾyyn)	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾylʾryn)
equative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾycʾ)
directive	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾykʾrw)
similative	𐽰𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾylʾyw)

Compound terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽻𐽶 (ʾʾy yʾnkysy /⁠ay yaŋïsï⁠/, “a new moon, new month”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐽻𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾy sʾyw /⁠ay sayu⁠/, “every month”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾy twlwny /⁠ay tolunï⁠/, “full moon”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (ʾʾy tnkry /⁠Ay Teŋri⁠/, “the Moon God”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽶𐽿 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾlqʾtmyš ʾʾy /⁠alkatmïš ay⁠/, “holy month”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾʾltync ʾʾy /⁠altïnč ay⁠/, “sixth month”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾwycwnc ʾʾy /⁠üčünč ay⁠/, “third month”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾwyrlʾr ʾʾy /⁠örler ay⁠/, “waxing moon”)
• 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾwnwnc ʾʾy /⁠onunč ay⁠/, “tenth month”)
• 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶 𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾyky ykrmync ʾʾy /⁠éki yégirminč ay⁠/, “twelfth month”)
• 𐽰𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (ʾykynty ʾʾy /⁠ékinti ay⁠/, “second month”)
• 𐽶𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (yytync ʾʾy /⁠yétinč ay⁠/, “seventh month”)
• 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽾𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (yyltyrʾr ʾʾy /⁠yéltirer ay⁠/, “month of gale”)
• 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽸𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (kwyz ʾwydky ʾʾy /⁠küz üdki ay⁠/, “autumn moon, month of harvesting”)
• 𐽻𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (sʾkyzync ʾʾy /⁠sekizinč ay⁠/, “eighth month”)
• 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (pyr ykrmync ʾʾy /⁠bir yégirminč ay⁠/, “eleventh month”)
• 𐽼𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (pyšync ʾʾy /⁠béšinč ay⁠/, “fifth month”)
• 𐽽𐽲𐽿𐽰𐽼𐾀 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (cqšʾpt ʾʾy /⁠Čahšaput ay⁠/, “last month, month of religious commandment”)
• 𐽾𐽰𐽹 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (rʾm ʾʾy /⁠ram ay⁠/, “first month, month of Ram”)
• 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (twqwzwnc ʾʾy /⁠tokuzunč ay⁠/, “ninth month”)
• 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (twyrtwnc ʾʾy /⁠törtünč ay⁠/, “fourth month”)
• 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (twncwr ʾʾy /⁠tunčor ay⁠/, “month of Ttuṃjāra”)
• 𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽𐽶 𐽰𐽰𐽶 (twncy ʾʾy /⁠tunči ay⁠/, “month of equinox”)

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽶𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾyynkʾ /⁠ayïŋa⁠/, “every month”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: aj (/⁠ay⁠/)

References

• Asmussen, J. P. (1965). Xᵘāstvānīft: Studies in Manichaeism. Prostant Apud Munksgaard.
• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ay”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 26
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) ay ~ (a)y, (2) ay”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 84