Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-sa

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-sa	*-se

Alternative reconstructions

• *-sar

Suffix 1

*-sa

1. Suffix creating verbal adverb.

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-sa → ‎*sebse (“with loving.”)

2. if

   ‎*bar- (“to go”) + ‎*-sa → ‎*barsa (“if he/she/it goes.”)

Related terms

• *-gan (verbal adjective)
• *-si (third person possessive case)
• *-ni (accusative case)
• *-ür (positive present tense)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Bulgar: سَ- (-sa) (verbal adverb)
    • Chuvash: -са (-sa), -се (-se) (verbal adverb); -сассӑн (-sassăn), -сессӗн (-sessĕn), -сан (-san), -сен (-sen) (if)
• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: -sa
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: -sə, -sa
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: -se, -sa
  • Turkmen: -se, -sa
  • Salar:
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid:
    • Chagatai:
      • Uzbek: -sa
      • Uyghur:
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar:
    • Kumyk: -са (-sa), -се (-se)
    • Karachay-Balkar:
    • Karaim:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: -һа (-ha), -һә (-hə)
    • Tatar: -са (-sa), -сә (-sä)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сө (-sö)
    • Southern Altai: -са (-sa), -се (-se), -со (-so), -сӧ (-sö), -за (-za), -зе (-ze), -зо (-zo), -зӧ (-zö)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: -са (-sa), -се (-se)
    • Nogai:
    • Karakalpak:
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (-sar)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (-sar)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (-sa)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör); -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör); -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör); -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör)
    • Dolgan:
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: -за (-za), -зе (-ze)
      • Tofa:
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor:
      • Khakas:

Suffix 2

*-sa

1. Suffix creating desirdative verbs from nouns.

   ‎*sub (“water”) + ‎*-sa → ‎*subsa- (“to become thirsty, thirst”)

Related terms

• *-ümsin

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-sa