Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bar-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*bar-

1. (intransitive) to go, to walk

   Synonyms: *kē(y)t- (“to go”), *yorï- (“to walk”), *i- (“to walk”), *id- (“to walk”)

2. (intransitive) to reach, to arrive

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: بَر (bar)
    • Chuvash: пыр (pyr)
• Common Turkic: *bar-

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: varmaq
• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *bar-
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (varmaq)
      • Azerbaijani: varmaq
      • Ottoman Turkish: وارمق (varmak)
        • Turkish: varmak
    • Salar: varğusı
    • Turkmen: barmak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بَرْماقْ (barmaq)
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (barmaq)
      • Chagatai: برماق (barmaq)
        • Uzbek: bormoq
        • Uyghur: بارماق (barmaq)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: برماق (barmaq)
    • North Kipchak
      • Bashkir: барыу (barıw)
      • Tatar: барырга (barırga)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: barmaq
      • Karachay-Balkar: барыргъа (barırğa)
      • Kumyk: бармакъ (barmaq)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бару (baru)
        • Karakalpak: барыў
        • Nogai: барув (baruv)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: баруу (baruu)
        • Southern Altai: барар (barar)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺 (b¹r¹ /⁠bar-⁠/)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (barmak)
    • Western Yugur: par
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: бар
    • Yakut: бар (bar)
  • South Siberian
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: баар (baar)
      • →? Salar: bār
    • Yenisei
      • Shor: пар
      • Khakas: пар (par)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 354
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 62
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 64-65
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bar”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill