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و

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ؤ, ۋ, ۈ, ۇ, ۆ, ٷ, ٶ, and 9

و U+0648, و
ARABIC LETTER WAW
← ه
[U+0647] 		Arabic ى →
[U+0649]
ﻭ U+FEED, ﻭ
ARABIC LETTER WAW ISOLATED FORM
← ﻬ
[U+FEEC] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﻮ →
[U+FEEE]
ﻮ U+FEEE, ﻮ
ARABIC LETTER WAW FINAL FORM
← ﻭ
[U+FEED] 		Arabic Presentation Forms-B ﻯ →
[U+FEEF]

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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From the Nabataean letter 𐢈 (l, “waw”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (l, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌉. See also Classical Syriac ܘ (l, “waw”), Hebrew ו (l, “vav”), Ancient Greek Υ (U), Latin F, Latin U, Latin V, Latin W and Latin Y.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /waːw/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /uː/, silent (in Classical Arabic)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /u(ː)/, /oː/ (in Arabic dialects and loanwords)

Letter

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و / ‍و • (wāw)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ه (h) and followed by ي (y).

Symbol

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و / ‍و • (wāw)

  1. The sixth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ه (h) and followed by ز (z).

See also

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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Semitic *wa. Cognate with Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /wa/ (MSA)
  • IPA(key): /wɪ/, /w/ (dialectal)
  • Audio:(file)

Conjunction

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وَ • (wa)

  1. and, "comma", "semi-colon"; a divider of words or clauses, particle of connection or continuation often unnecessary to render in translation
    1. yet, but; versatile conjunction determined by context
  2. while, at the same time, and also do, simultaneously, to do this and to do that concurrently
    لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ
    lā taʔkuli s-samaka wa-tašraba l-labana
    Do not eat fish and drink dairy; (Proverb about illnesses coming from bad combinations; originally the supposed increased risk of contracting leprosy, a myth stemming from fish scales and the white color of milk.)
    لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ
    lā tanha ʕan ḵuluqin wa-taʔtiya miṯlahu
    Do not say to stay away from a behavior, while you come with the likes of it; (Practice what you preach.)
  3. particle of rephrasing or marking a clause of adposition; and in other words, that is to say, additionally called, i.e.
  4. with, and also, additionally (with following accusative)
    1. (mathematics) +, added to
  5. particle denoting an oath (with following genitive)
    وَٱللّٰهِ ― wa-llāhi ― By God; And I swear by God
Usage notes
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  • Arabic conjunctions and prepositions that have only one letter, such as وَ (wa), are written as a prefix.
    • The connection to the following word may however exceptionally be cut off by quotation marks enclosing foreign terms, emoji and similar intrusions of meta elements in the language of the internet.
    • Sometimes editions of Arabic texts procured in Iran do not adhere to the rules, instead following the non-joining practice of Persian و (va, o, “and”).
  • Arabic tends to use the conjunctions وَ (wa) and أَو (ʔaw, “or”) between every conjunct in a list, contrasting with the English tendency to use and and or only between the final two.
    كُتُبٌ وَطُرُودٌ وَأَوْرَاقٌ
    kutubun wa-ṭurūdun wa-ʔawrāqun
    books, parcels, and papers
    (literally, “books and parcels and papers”)
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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وَ • (wa) (with a following accusative)

  1. with
    سِرْتُ وَطُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ ― sirtu wa-ṭulūʕa l-fajri ― I got out with sunrise.
    أَنَا وَإيّاكُم ― ʔanā wa-ʔiyyākum ― I with you

Etymology 4

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Interfix

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ـَوـ • (-aw-)

  1. interfix used in forming nisba (relative) adjectives, particularly with short bases, inserted between the base noun and the ending ِـيّ (-iyy), e.g. لُغَوِيّ (luḡawiyy, “linguistic”), based on لُغَة (luḡa, “language”), or ثَانَوِيّ (ṯānawiyy, “secondary”), based on ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).

Balti

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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و (transliteration needed)

  1. The forty-second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

Burushaski

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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و (w)

  1. The forty-second letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

Central Kurdish

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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و/ـوـ/ ‍وـ/ـو (w, u)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Kurdish-Arabic alphabet, pronounced [w] or [u]

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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و (û)

  1. and

Forms

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Isolated form Final form
و ـو

See also

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Chagatai

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /⁠ud⁠/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /⁠u⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /⁠utā⁠/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.

Conjunction

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و (vä)

  1. and

Descendants

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  • Uyghur:
    Arabic script: ۋە (we)
    Cyrillic script: вә (we)
  • Uzbek:
    Cyrillic script: ва
    Latin script: va

Hijazi Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /waːw/
  • (phonemes): IPA(key): /w/, /uː/, /oː/, /u/ (word-final)

Letter

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و • (wāw)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ه (hāʔ) and followed by ي (yāʔ).
Forms
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Isolated form Final form
و ـو
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Arabic وَ (wa, “and”).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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و • (u- or w-)

  1. and

Kashmiri

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /waːw/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /oː/

Letter

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و • (v)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.

Forms

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Isolated form Final form
و ـو

See also

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  • Previous letter: ن (n)
  • Next letter: ہ (h)

Kazakh

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Alternative scripts
Arabic و
Cyrillic О, о/Ө, ө
Latin O, o/Ö, ö
Yañalif O, o/Ɵ, ɵ

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /waw/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/ (back)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɵ/ (front)

Letter

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و • (o, ö)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Kazakh in Arabic Script. It represents the Cyrillic letter О or Ө.

Forms

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Isolated form Final form
و ـو

Usage notes

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  • Represents the back vowel phoneme /o/, unless a small ء (hamza) was placed in the beginning of the word. In Kazakh the Hamza marks that all vowels in the following word are fronted. If و is the first letter and is representing a front vowel, it is combined with the hamza and the varient ٶ is used.

See also

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Malay

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Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ms

Pronunciation

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  • (Name of letter) IPA(key): [wau̯]
  • (Phoneme, Consonant) IPA(key): [w]
  • (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable initial, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [v]
  • (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable final, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [f]
  • (Phoneme, Vowel) IPA(key): [u], [o], [ɔ]
  • (Phoneme, Vowel, Closed ultima) IPA(key): [o], [ɔ]

Letter

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و / ‍و

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

See also

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North Levantine Arabic

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Suffix

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ـو • (-o/-u) m

  1. Alternative spelling of ـه after a consonant

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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و • (vav)

  1. A letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.

Etymology 2

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From Arabic وَ (wa).

Conjunction

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و • (ve)

  1. and
Descendants
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  • Turkish: ve

References

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Pashto

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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و • (wâw)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet.

Forms

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Isolated form Final form
و ـو

See also

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  • Previous letter: ڼ
  • Next letter: ه

Persian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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و / وـ / ـوـ / ـو • (vâv)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ن and followed by ه. Its name is واو.

See also

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Etymology 1

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    Both inherited from Middle Persian and borrowed from Arabic, hence the multiple pronunciations:

    Pronunciation

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    (Pronunciation 1)

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? ‿u
    Dari reading? ‿u
    Iranian reading? ‿o
    Tajik reading? ‿u

    (Pronunciation 2)

     

    Readings
    Classical reading? wa
    Dari reading? wa
    Iranian reading? ʋa
    Tajik reading? va
    • Both pronunciations are generally interchangeable, with pronunciation 1 being more common in context and pronunciation 2 being more common in formal speech, after a pause and/or for emphasis.
    • In poetry, both pronunciations are used based on rhyme, but pronunciation 1 is used more often.

    Conjunction

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    Dari و
    Iranian Persian
    Tajik у, ва

    و • (o, va)

    1. and
      • 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
        گر چه جیب و جام من از مال و مِی تُهیست.
        Gar če jib o jām-e man az māl o mey tohist.
        Although my pocket and my cup are empty of money and wine.
    Usage notes
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    • In the contemporary spelling of Persian, the و (va) conjunction is not joined to the following word. However, the practice of joining the conjunction to the following word, as it is in Arabic, was not uncommon in early classical texts.
    Descendants
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    • → Hindustani:
      Hindi: व (va)
      Urdu: و (va, o)
    • → Marathi: व (va)

    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

    Alternative forms

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    • رو (ro) (between vowels)

    Pronunciation

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    Particle

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    و • (-o)

    1. (in Iran) Colloquial form of را (rā)
      دستتو بلند کن.
      dasteto boland kon.
      Raise your hand.

    South Levantine Arabic

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    From Arabic وَ (wa).

    Conjunction

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    و • (w-)

    1. and
    2. when, while
      Synonym: لما (lamma)
      مبيّن إنّك مبسوط وإنتا بتعلّم.
      mbayyen ʔinnak mabsūṭ w-inta bitʕallem
      It's clear that you're happy when you're teaching.
    Usage notes
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    • The pronunciation varies by phonological context. It becomes u- before a single consonant (optional if the preceding word ends in a vowel) and we- before a consonant cluster.

    Etymology 2

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    Suffix

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    ـو • (-o) m

    1. Alternative spelling of ـه (“he, him, his”) after a consonant

    Etymology 3

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    Suffix

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    ـو • (-o)

    1. attached to kinship terms in order to form terms of endearment
      جدّ (jidd, “grandfather”) → جدّو (jiddo, “grandpa”)
      عمّة (ʕamme, “aunt”) → عمتو (ʕamto, “auntie”)

    Tunisian Arabic

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    Conjunction

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    و (u)

    1. and
      حَاجْتِي بْقْلَمْ وكَرّاسَة ― ḥājtī b-qlam u karrāsa ― I need a pencil and a copy-book.

    Urdu

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    Etymology 1

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    و • (vāv)

    1. The thirty-third letter of the Urdu abjad.
    Forms
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    Isolated form Final form
    و ـو
    See also
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    • Previous letter: ں (̃)
    • Next letter: ہ (h)

    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa, u).

    Pronunciation

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    Conjunction

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    و • (va, o) (Hindi spelling व)

    1. and

    Ushojo

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    Pronunciation

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    • (letter name): IPA(key): /wɑːw/
    • (phoneme): IPA(key): /w~v/

    Letter

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    و (wāw)

    1. The thirty-ninth of the Ushojo abjad.

    See also

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    • Previous letter: ن
    • Next letter: ہ

    Conjunction

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    و (va)

    1. or

    Yoruba

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    Pronunciation

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    Letter

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    و (w)

    1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet in the ajami script, equivalent to Latin script w.

    Forms

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    Isolated form Final form
    و ـو

    See also

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    • Previous letter: اُ
    • Next letter: ي
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