علم
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
ع ل م (ʕ-l-m) |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I, non-past يَعْلَمُ (yaʕlamu)
- (transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
- to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
- to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عِلْم ʕilm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕālim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maʕlūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕalimtu |
ʕalimta |
عَلِمَ ʕalima |
ʕalimtumā |
ʕalimā |
ʕalimnā |
ʕalimtum |
ʕalimū | |||
f | ʕalimti |
ʕalimat |
ʕalimatā |
ʕalimtunna |
ʕalimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕlamu |
taʕlamu |
yaʕlamu |
taʕlamāni |
yaʕlamāni |
naʕlamu |
taʕlamūna |
yaʕlamūna | |||
f | taʕlamīna |
taʕlamu |
taʕlamāni |
taʕlamna |
yaʕlamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕlama |
taʕlama |
yaʕlama |
taʕlamā |
yaʕlamā |
naʕlama |
taʕlamū |
yaʕlamū | |||
f | taʕlamī |
taʕlama |
taʕlamā |
taʕlamna |
yaʕlamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕlam |
taʕlam |
yaʕlam |
taʕlamā |
yaʕlamā |
naʕlam |
taʕlamū |
yaʕlamū | |||
f | taʕlamī |
taʕlam |
taʕlamā |
taʕlamna |
yaʕlamna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iʕlam |
iʕlamā |
iʕlamū |
||||||||
f | iʕlamī |
iʕlamna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕulimtu |
ʕulimta |
عُلِمَ ʕulima |
ʕulimtumā |
ʕulimā |
ʕulimnā |
ʕulimtum |
ʕulimū | |||
f | ʕulimti |
ʕulimat |
ʕulimatā |
ʕulimtunna |
ʕulimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕlamu |
tuʕlamu |
yuʕlamu |
tuʕlamāni |
yuʕlamāni |
nuʕlamu |
tuʕlamūna |
yuʕlamūna | |||
f | tuʕlamīna |
tuʕlamu |
tuʕlamāni |
tuʕlamna |
yuʕlamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕlama |
tuʕlama |
yuʕlama |
tuʕlamā |
yuʕlamā |
nuʕlama |
tuʕlamū |
yuʕlamū | |||
f | tuʕlamī |
tuʕlama |
tuʕlamā |
tuʕlamna |
yuʕlamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕlam |
tuʕlam |
yuʕlam |
tuʕlamā |
yuʕlamā |
nuʕlam |
tuʕlamū |
yuʕlamū | |||
f | tuʕlamī |
tuʕlam |
tuʕlamā |
tuʕlamna |
yuʕlamna |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II, non-past يُعَلِّمُ (yuʕallimu)
- (ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
- المعلم يعلم الطلاب الرياضيات.
- Al-muʕallim yuʕallimu at-ṭullāb ar-riyāḍiyyāt.
- The teacher teaches the students mathematics.
- (transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
taʕlīm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕallim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕallam | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕallamtu |
ʕallamta |
عَلَّمَ ʕallama |
ʕallamtumā |
ʕallamā |
ʕallamnā |
ʕallamtum |
ʕallamū | |||
f | ʕallamti |
ʕallamat |
ʕallamatā |
ʕallamtunna |
ʕallamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕallimu |
tuʕallimu |
yuʕallimu |
tuʕallimāni |
yuʕallimāni |
nuʕallimu |
tuʕallimūna |
yuʕallimūna | |||
f | tuʕallimīna |
tuʕallimu |
tuʕallimāni |
tuʕallimna |
yuʕallimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕallima |
tuʕallima |
yuʕallima |
tuʕallimā |
yuʕallimā |
nuʕallima |
tuʕallimū |
yuʕallimū | |||
f | tuʕallimī |
tuʕallima |
tuʕallimā |
tuʕallimna |
yuʕallimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕallim |
tuʕallim |
yuʕallim |
tuʕallimā |
yuʕallimā |
nuʕallim |
tuʕallimū |
yuʕallimū | |||
f | tuʕallimī |
tuʕallim |
tuʕallimā |
tuʕallimna |
yuʕallimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | عَلِّمْ ʕallim |
ʕallimā |
ʕallimū |
||||||||
f | ʕallimī |
ʕallimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕullimtu |
ʕullimta |
عُلِّمَ ʕullima |
ʕullimtumā |
ʕullimā |
ʕullimnā |
ʕullimtum |
ʕullimū | |||
f | ʕullimti |
ʕullimat |
ʕullimatā |
ʕullimtunna |
ʕullimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕallamu |
tuʕallamu |
yuʕallamu |
tuʕallamāni |
yuʕallamāni |
nuʕallamu |
tuʕallamūna |
yuʕallamūna | |||
f | tuʕallamīna |
tuʕallamu |
tuʕallamāni |
tuʕallamna |
yuʕallamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕallama |
tuʕallama |
yuʕallama |
tuʕallamā |
yuʕallamā |
nuʕallama |
tuʕallamū |
yuʕallamū | |||
f | tuʕallamī |
tuʕallama |
tuʕallamā |
tuʕallamna |
yuʕallamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕallam |
tuʕallam |
yuʕallam |
tuʕallamā |
yuʕallamā |
nuʕallam |
tuʕallamū |
yuʕallamū | |||
f | tuʕallamī |
tuʕallam |
tuʕallamā |
tuʕallamna |
yuʕallamna |
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))
- verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
- knowledge, learning, lore
- cognition, acquaintance
- information
- perception, knowledge
- (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
- الْعُلُوم
- al-ʕulūm
- the natural sciences
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عِلْم ʕilm |
الْعِلْم al-ʕilm |
عِلْم ʕilm |
Nominative | عِلْمٌ ʕilmun |
الْعِلْمُ al-ʕilmu |
عِلْمُ ʕilmu |
Accusative | عِلْمًا ʕilman |
الْعِلْمَ al-ʕilma |
عِلْمَ ʕilma |
Genitive | عِلْمٍ ʕilmin |
الْعِلْمِ al-ʕilmi |
عِلْمِ ʕilmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عِلْمَيْن ʕilmayn |
الْعِلْمَيْن al-ʕilmayn |
عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay |
Nominative | عِلْمَانِ ʕilmāni |
الْعِلْمَانِ al-ʕilmāni |
عِلْمَا ʕilmā |
Accusative | عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni |
الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni |
عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay |
Genitive | عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni |
الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni |
عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عُلُوم ʕulūm |
الْعُلُوم al-ʕulūm |
عُلُوم ʕulūm |
Nominative | عُلُومٌ ʕulūmun |
الْعُلُومُ al-ʕulūmu |
عُلُومُ ʕulūmu |
Accusative | عُلُومًا ʕulūman |
الْعُلُومَ al-ʕulūma |
عُلُومَ ʕulūma |
Genitive | عُلُومٍ ʕulūmin |
الْعُلُومِ al-ʕulūmi |
عُلُومِ ʕulūmi |
Descendants
[edit]- → Avar: гӏелму (ʻelmu)
- → Azerbaijani: elm
- → Bashkir: ғилем (ğilem)
- → Bengali: এলেম (elem)
- → Chechen: ӏилм (ˀilm), ӏилма (ˀilma)
- → Crimean Tatar: илим, ilim
- → Indonesian: ilmu
- → Javanese: èlmu
- → Karachay-Balkar: илму (ilmu)
- → Kazakh: ғылым (ğylym)
- → Kumyk: илму (ilmu)
- → Kyrgyz: илим (ilim)
- → Lezgi: илим (ilim)
- → Malay: ilmu
- Maltese: għelm
- → Nogai: илми (ilmi)
- → Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
- > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
- → Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem), ğilem
- → Persian: عِلْم ('elm)
- → Turkmen: ylym
- → Urdu: عِلْم ('ilm)
- → Uyghur: ئىلىم (ilim)
- → Uzbek: ilm
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))
- sign, token, mark, badge
- harelip
- road sign, guidepost
- flag, banner
- authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
- a mountain
- أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَم ― ʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalam ― very famous (literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
- وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ
- wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (grammar, linguistics) proper noun
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَلَم ʕalam |
الْعَلَم al-ʕalam |
عَلَم ʕalam |
Nominative | عَلَمٌ ʕalamun |
الْعَلَمُ al-ʕalamu |
عَلَمُ ʕalamu |
Accusative | عَلَمًا ʕalaman |
الْعَلَمَ al-ʕalama |
عَلَمَ ʕalama |
Genitive | عَلَمٍ ʕalamin |
الْعَلَمِ al-ʕalami |
عَلَمِ ʕalami |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَلَمَيْن ʕalamayn |
الْعَلَمَيْن al-ʕalamayn |
عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay |
Nominative | عَلَمَانِ ʕalamāni |
الْعَلَمَانِ al-ʕalamāni |
عَلَمَا ʕalamā |
Accusative | عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni |
الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni |
عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay |
Genitive | عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni |
الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni |
عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām |
الْأَعْلَام al-ʔaʕlām |
أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām |
Nominative | أَعْلَامٌ ʔaʕlāmun |
الْأَعْلَامُ al-ʔaʕlāmu |
أَعْلَامُ ʔaʕlāmu |
Accusative | أَعْلَامًا ʔaʕlāman |
الْأَعْلَامَ al-ʔaʕlāma |
أَعْلَامَ ʔaʕlāma |
Genitive | أَعْلَامٍ ʔaʕlāmin |
الْأَعْلَامِ al-ʔaʕlāmi |
أَعْلَامِ ʔaʕlāmi |
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m
- Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)
References
[edit]- Wehr, Hans (1979) “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Gulf Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (before il- عَلَم (ʕalam), plural اَعْلام (aʕlām))
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلوم (ʕulūm))
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).
Pronunciation
[edit](phonemic)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔilm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔelm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔilm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ilm |
Dari reading? | ilm |
Iranian reading? | elm |
Tajik reading? | ilm |
(phonetic)
Noun
[edit]Dari | علم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | илм |
عِلْم • ('elm) (plural علوم ('olum))
- science (knowledge via the scientific method)
- knowledge, science
- Synonym: دانش (dâneš)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3461:
- بینی اندر دل علوم انبیا / بیکتاب و بیمعید و اوستا
- bini andar del 'olum-e anbiyâ / bi-ketâb o bi-mo'id o ustâ
- And behold within thy heart [all] the sciences of the prophets, without book and without preceptor and master.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔa.ˈlam]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæ.lǽm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔä.lǽm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | alam |
Dari reading? | alam |
Iranian reading? | alam |
Tajik reading? | alam |
Noun
[edit]عَلَم • ('alam) (plural علمها ('alam-hâ))
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Gujarati: અલમ (alam)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ع ل م |
7 terms |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]علّم • (ʕallam) II (present بعلّم (biʕallem))
- to teach
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of علّم (ʕallam) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | علّمت (ʕallamt) | علّمت (ʕallamt) | علّم (ʕallam) | علّمنا (ʕallamna) | علّمتو (ʕallamtu) | علّمو (ʕallamu) | |
f | علّمتي (ʕallamti) | علّمت (ʕallamat) | ||||||
present | m | بعلّم (baʕallem) | بتعلّم (bitʕallem) | بعلّم (biʕallem) | منعلّم (minʕallem) | بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu) | بعلّمو (biʕallmu) | |
f | بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi) | بتعلّم (bitʕallem) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اعلّم (aʕallem) | تعلّم (tʕallem) | يعلّم (yʕallem) | نعلّم (nʕallem) | تعلّمو (tʕallmu) | يعلّمو (yʕallmu) | |
f | تعلّمي (tʕallmi) | تعلّم (tʕallem) | ||||||
imperative | m | علّم (ʕallem) | علّمو (ʕallmu) | |||||
f | علّمي (ʕallmi) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɪlm/
Noun
[edit]عِلْم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ə.ləm/
Noun
[edit]- Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ل م
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic ditransitive verbs
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- ar:Grammar
- ar:Linguistics
- ar:Nouns
- Gulf Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Gulf Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gulf Arabic lemmas
- Gulf Arabic nouns
- Gulf Arabic masculine nouns
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ل م
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-II verbs
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms borrowed from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Geometry
- ur:Grammar
- Arabic form-I verbs with 2nd radical i/a pattern