نشان

See also: نشأن

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān, “sign, mark”).

Noun

نشان • (nişan)

1. sign, mark, symbol, indicator

   Synonyms: اشارت (işaret), علامت (ʼalamet)

2. thing set up, as a post or pillar
3. stamp, an indentation or imprint made by stamping

   Synonym: تمغا (tamga)

4. target, a butt or mark to shoot at

   Synonyms: آماج (amaç), غرض (ğaraz), هدف (hedef)

5. aim, the pointing of a weapon
6. decoration worn as an honor
7. royal cypher usually set over letters-patent, public buildings, etc.

   Synonym: علامت (ʼalamet)

8. token given by a man to his betrothed upon the formal betrothal

Derived terms

• نشانجی (nişancı, “marksman”)
• نشانسز (nişansız, “without a sign”)
• نشانكاه (nişangah, “rearsight”)
• نشانلاتمق (nişanlatmak, “to make or let be marked”)
• نشانلامق (nişanlamak, “to mark; to take aim at”)
• نشانلانمق (nişanlanmak, “to become a mark or sign”)
• نشانلو (nişanlı, “marked with a sign”)
• نشانگچ (nişangeç, “a joiner's tool”)
• نشانگیر (nişangir, “one who takes notes”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: nişan
• → Albanian: nishan
• → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
• → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
• → French: nichan
• → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
• → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
• → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
  • → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
• → Romanian: nișam
• → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “nişan2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3552
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “نشان”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 479a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “نشان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1275
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Signum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1554
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “نشان”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 5180
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “nişan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “نشان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2084

Persian

Alternative forms

• نیشان (nišân)

Etymology

From earlier نِیشَان (nīšān), from Middle Persian [script needed] (nyšʾn' /⁠nīšān⁠/, “sign, mark, banner”) (compare Manichaean Parthian 𐫗𐫏𐫢𐫀𐫗 (nyšʾn /⁠nīšān⁠/), Old Armenian նշան (nšan), Old Georgian ნიშანი (nišani), Northern Kurdish nîşan, Central Kurdish نیشان (nîşan)), from [script needed] (nyš /⁠nīš-⁠/) (compare Old Armenian նիշ (niš), Old Georgian ნიში (niši), Classical Syriac ܢܝܫܐ (nīšāʾ), Hebrew נֵס (nēs), loanwords from Iranian). See the Middle Persian for more.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [nɪ.ʃɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ne.ʃɒːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ni.ʃɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	nišān
Dari reading?	nišān
Iranian reading?	nešân
Tajik reading?	nišon

Noun

Dari	نشان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	нишон

نشان • (nešân) (plural نشان‌ها (nešân-hâ))

1. sign, mark
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 388:

     چون که عمر شیخ در آخر رسید
     در وجود خود نشان مرگ دید

     čōn ki 'umr-i šayx dar āxir rasīd
     dar wujūd-i xwad nišān-i marg dīd

     When the Shaykh's life reached its end
     and he saw in his (bodily) existence the signs of death

2. aim, target, butt
3. medal, order, decoration
4. banner, flag, standard, ensign
5. coat of arms

Derived terms

• بدنشان (bad-nešân)
• بی‌نشان (bê-nešân)
• خط و نشان کشیدن (xatt-o-nešân kešidan)
• نشان دادن (nešân dâdan)
• نشان کردن (nešân kardan)
• نشانه (nešâne)
• نشانگر (nešângar)
• نشانی (nešâni)
• نشان‌شناسی (nešân-šenâsi)

 

Descendants

(some may be from Middle Persian)

• → Arabic: نِيشَان (nīšān)
• → Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܢܝܫܢܐ (nīšānā)

  Classical Mandaic: ࡍࡉࡔࡀࡍ (nišan)

• → Azerbaijani: nişan
• → Bengali: নিশান (niśan)
• → Chagatai: نشان
  • Uyghur: نىشان (nishan)
  • Uzbek: nishon
• → Crimean Tatar: nişan
• → Kazakh: нысан (nysan), нышан (nyşan), нысана (nysana)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: निशान (niśān)

  Urdu: نِشان (niśān)

• → Malay: nisan
  • Indonesian: nisan
• → Marathi: निशाण (niśāṇ)
• → Ottoman Turkish: نشان (nişan)
  • Turkish: nişan
  • → Albanian: nishan
  • → Armenian: նիշան (nišan)
  • → Bulgarian: ниша́н (nišán)
  • → French: nichan
  • → Greek: νισάνι (nisáni)
  • → Macedonian: нишан (nišan)
  • → Old East Slavic: нишанъ (nišanŭ)
    • → Russian: ниша́н (nišán)
  • → Romanian: nișam
  • → Serbo-Croatian: nìšan / нѝшан
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ (niśān)

  Shahmukhi script: نِشان (niśān)

• → Sindhi: نِشانُ
• → Turkmen: nyşan

References

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “نشان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “nīšān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نِشَان (nišān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /nɪ.ʃɑːn/

Noun

نشان • (niśān) m (Hindi spelling निशान)

1. sign, symbol
2. mark, impression, scar
3. trace, clue, vestige
4. ensign, standard
5. decoration, medal

Related terms

• نشانہ (niśānā)
• نشانی (niśānī)