Wiktionary:Urdu transliteration
These are the rules concerning transliteration in Urdu entries.
The tables below show the conversion of text in the Urdu language alphabet for alphabet.
- Needs to be updated.
Consonants
[edit]| No. | Letter | Name of letter | Transcription | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ا, آ (ā) | ʾalif | ā, ', – | /aː, ʔ/, ∅ |
| 2 | ب (b) | be | b | /b/ |
| 3 | پ (p) | pe | p | /p/ |
| 4 | ت (t) | te | t | /t̪/ |
| 5 | ٹ (ṭ) | ṭe | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| 6 | ث (s) | se | s | /s/ |
| 7 | ج (j) | jīm | j | /d͡ʒ/ |
| 8 | چ (c) | ce | c | /t͡ʃ/ |
| 9 | ح (h) | baṛī he | h | /ɦ/ [h~ɦ] |
| 10 | خ (x) | xe | x | /x/ |
| 11 | د (d) | dāl | d | /d̪/ |
| 12 | ڈ (ḍ) | ḍāl | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| 13 | ذ (z) | zāl | z | /z/ |
| 14 | ر (r) | re | r | /r/ |
| 15 | ڑ (ṛ) | ṛe | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| 16 | ز (z) | zz | z | /z/ |
| 17 | ژ (ź) | źe | ź | /ʒ/ |
| 18 | س (s) | sīn | s | /s/ |
| 19 | ش (ś) | śīn | ś | /ʃ/ |
| 20 | ص (s) | su'ād | s | /s/ |
| 21 | ض (z) | zu'ād | z | /z/ |
| 22 | ط (t) | to'e | t | /t/ |
| 23 | ظ (z) | zo'e | z | /z/ |
| 24 | ع | ʿain | ā, o, e, ', | /aː, oː, eː, ʔ/, Ø |
| 25 | غ (ġ) | ġain | ġ | /ɣ/ |
| 26 | ف (f) | fe | f | /f/ |
| 27 | ق (q) | qāf | q | /q/ |
| 28 | ک (k) | kāf | k | /k/ |
| 29 | گ (g) | gāf | g | /ɡ/ |
| 30 | ل (l) | lām | l | /l/ |
| 31 | م (m) | mīm | m | /m/ |
| 32 | ن (n) | nūn | n | /n/ [n, ɳ, ɲ, ŋ] |
| 33 | ں (̃) | nūn ġunna | ◌̃ | /◌̃/ |
| 34 | و (o) | va'o | v, u, o, au, ū | /ʋ, ʊ, oː, ɔː, uː/ |
| 35 | ـہ (-h), ه | chōṭī hē | h | /ɦ/ [h~ɦ] |
| 36 | ھ (h) | do caśmī he | /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ | |
| 37 | ء | hamzā | ', – | /ʔ/, Ø |
| 38 | ی (ī) | choṭī ye | y, ī | /j, iː/ |
| 39 | ے (e) | baṛī ye | ai, e | /ɛː, eː/ |
Vowels
[edit]| Romanization | Pronunciation | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | /ə/ | 
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| ā | /aː/ | 
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| i | /ɪ/ | 
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| ī | /iː/ | 
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| u | /ʊ/ | 
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| ū | /uː/ | 
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| e | /eː/ | 
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| ai | /ɛː/ | 
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| o | /oː/ | 
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| au | /ɔː/ | 
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Short vowels and other diacritics
[edit]| Diacritic | Example | Name | Transcription | IPA | |
| ـَ (-a) | بَ (ba) | zabar | a | /ə/ | |
| ـِ (--i) | بِ (bi) | zer | i | /ɪ/ | |
| ـُ (-u) | بُ (bu) | peś | u | /ʊ/ | |
| ـّ | ضَمَّہ (zamma) | taśdīd | - | marks the doubling (gemination) of the consonant | |
| ـ۟ | ہَمْزَہ (hamza) | sukūn | - | marks the absence of a vowel | |
| ـ٘ | بَن٘گْلَہ دیش (baṅgla deś) | nūn ġunnā | - | marks the nasalisation of the vowel (over n) |
Nasalisation
[edit]غُنَائِیَّت (ġunāiyyat)
Nasalisation in Urdu typically occurs in four ways:
- غُنَّہ (ġunna) (or نُونِ غُنَّہ (nūn-i ġunna))
- nasalization that occurs after the previous letter (ie. رَن٘گ (raṅg) / ڈَھن٘گ (ḍhaṅg) / سَن٘گ (saṅg)) – represented with the Noon Ghunna diacritic.
- مَغْنُونَہ (maġnūna)
- nasalization that occurs blending with the preceding letter (ie. آن٘چَل (ā̃cal) / سَن٘وَرْنا (sãvarnā) / کُن٘وارا (kũvārā)) – represented with the Noon Ghunna diacritic.
- نُون بَطور مِیم (nūn bator mīm)
- the nasalization which is pronounced as an 'm' (ie. اَن٘بار (ambār) / سُن٘بَل (sumbal)) – represented with the Noon Ghunna diacritic.
- نُونِ مَخْلُوط (nūn-i maxlūt)