سنبل

Arabic

سُنْبُلُ قَمْحٍ

سُنْبُل – Hyacinthus orientalis

Alternative forms

• سَبَل (sabal)

Etymology

• From the root س ب ل (s b l) whence also the verb form IV أَسْبَلَ (ʔasbala, “to let down, to let hang out”).
• Compare Aramaic שבלתא (šebaltā, “ear”), שבלא (šebalā, “ear”), Classical Syriac ܫܶܒܰܠܬܳܐ (šebaltā, “ear”), ܫܶܒܠܳܐ (šebalā, “ear”), Hebrew שִׁבֹּלֶת (šibbṓleṯ, “flowing stream; ear”), Ugaritic 𐎌𐎁𐎍𐎚 (šblt, “ear”), Akkadian 𒋗𒁍𒌌𒌈 (šubultum, “ear”), Eblaite 𒋤𒉺𒂖 (SÙ.PA.SIKIL /⁠šabaltum⁠/, “ear”), Old South Arabian 𐩪𐩨𐩡𐩩 (s¹blt, “ear”), Ge'ez ሰብል (säbl, “ear”), Tigrinya ሰብሊ (säbli, “ear”), Amharic ሰብል (säbəl, “ear”), Soqotri sebóleh (“ear”), Mehri seblī́t (“ear”), Shehri simbelót (“ear”), Egyptian (sꜣbꜣjr, “shoots, spikes (of fruit trees), grape clusters”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sun.bul/

Noun

سُنْبُل • (sunbul) m (collective, singulative سُنْبُلَة f (sunbula), plural سَنَابِل (sanābil))

1. ear, spike (of a crop)
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:261:

     مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُم فِي سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنْبَتَت سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِي كُلِّ سُنْبُلَةٍ مِئَةُ حَبَّةٍ

     maṯalu llaḏīna yunfiqūna ʔamwālahum fī sabīli llāhi ka-maṯali ḥabbatin ʔanbatat sabʕa sanābila fī kulli sunbulatin miʔatu ḥabbatin

     Those who spend their wealth in the way of God are like a grain which grows seven ears, (and) in each ear a hundred grains

2. Virgo (a star constellation)
3. aromatic plant with ear-forming flowers, spikenard, Nardostachys spp., Valeriana spp., Hyacinthus spp. and the like

Declension

Declension of noun سُنْبُل (sunbul)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنْبُل sunbul	السُّنْبُل as-sunbul	سُنْبُل sunbul
Nominative	سُنْبُلٌ sunbulun	السُّنْبُلُ as-sunbulu	سُنْبُلُ sunbulu
Accusative	سُنْبُلًا sunbulan	السُّنْبُلَ as-sunbula	سُنْبُلَ sunbula
Genitive	سُنْبُلٍ sunbulin	السُّنْبُلِ as-sunbuli	سُنْبُلِ sunbuli
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنْبُلَة sunbula	السُّنْبُلَة as-sunbula	سُنْبُلَة sunbulat
Nominative	سُنْبُلَةٌ sunbulatun	السُّنْبُلَةُ as-sunbulatu	سُنْبُلَةُ sunbulatu
Accusative	سُنْبُلَةً sunbulatan	السُّنْبُلَةَ as-sunbulata	سُنْبُلَةَ sunbulata
Genitive	سُنْبُلَةٍ sunbulatin	السُّنْبُلَةِ as-sunbulati	سُنْبُلَةِ sunbulati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنْبُلَتَيْن sunbulatayn	السُّنْبُلَتَيْن as-sunbulatayn	سُنْبُلَتَيْ sunbulatay
Nominative	سُنْبُلَتَانِ sunbulatāni	السُّنْبُلَتَانِ as-sunbulatāni	سُنْبُلَتَا sunbulatā
Accusative	سُنْبُلَتَيْنِ sunbulatayni	السُّنْبُلَتَيْنِ as-sunbulatayni	سُنْبُلَتَيْ sunbulatay
Genitive	سُنْبُلَتَيْنِ sunbulatayni	السُّنْبُلَتَيْنِ as-sunbulatayni	سُنْبُلَتَيْ sunbulatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنْبُلَات sunbulāt	السُّنْبُلَات as-sunbulāt	سُنْبُلَات sunbulāt
Nominative	سُنْبُلَاتٌ sunbulātun	السُّنْبُلَاتُ as-sunbulātu	سُنْبُلَاتُ sunbulātu
Accusative	سُنْبُلَاتٍ sunbulātin	السُّنْبُلَاتِ as-sunbulāti	سُنْبُلَاتِ sunbulāti
Genitive	سُنْبُلَاتٍ sunbulātin	السُّنْبُلَاتِ as-sunbulāti	سُنْبُلَاتِ sunbulāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنَابِل sanābil	السَّنَابِل as-sanābil	سَنَابِل sanābil
Nominative	سَنَابِلُ sanābilu	السَّنَابِلُ as-sanābilu	سَنَابِلُ sanābilu
Accusative	سَنَابِلَ sanābila	السَّنَابِلَ as-sanābila	سَنَابِلَ sanābila
Genitive	سَنَابِلَ sanābila	السَّنَابِلِ as-sanābili	سَنَابِلِ sanābili

Descendants

• → Amharic: ሰንበል (sänbäl, “ear”), ሰንቡል (sänbul, “spikenard”), ስንቡል (sənbul, “spikenard”)
• → Azerbaijani: sünbül
• → Ge'ez: ሰንብል (sänbəl, “ear”), ሰንበል (sänbäl, “ear”), ሰንቢል (sänbil, “spikenard”), ሰንቡል (sänbul, “spikenard”)
• → Classical Persian: سُنْبُل (sunbul)
  • → Armenian: սմբուլ (smbul)
  • → English: sumbal
  • → Georgian: სუმბული (sumbuli)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: सुंबुल (sumbul)

    Urdu: سنبل (sumbul)

  • → Kazakh: сүмбіл (sümbıl)
  • → Sindhi: سنبل
  • → Ottoman Turkish: سنبل (sümbül)
    • Turkish: sümbül
    • → Albanian: zymbyl
    • → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
    • → Gagauz: zümbül
    • → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
    • Kurdish:

      → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil

    • → Ladino: zimbul
    • → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
    • → Romanian: zambilă
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул

      Latin script: zùmbul

  • → Uzbek: sumbul
• → Spanish: azúmbar
• → Tigre: ስንቡል (sənbul, “spikenard”)

References

• H7641 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سَبَلٌ”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 281
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 178–179
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 484, 505
• Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 280
• Olmo Lete, Gregorio del with Sanmartín, Joaquín and Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015) “سنبل”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 793

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian سنبل (sunbul).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [symˈbyl]
• (dialectal, vulgar) IPA^(key): [zymˈbyl]

Noun

سنبل • (sümbül)

1. hyacinth, any plant of the genus Hyacinthus
2. curly locks and ringlets of a boy or girl

Derived terms

• سنبلو (sümbüli, “hyacinthine”)

Descendants

• Turkish: sümbül
• → Albanian: zymbyl
• → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
• → Gagauz: zümbül
• → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
• Kurdish:

  → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil

• → Ladino: zimbul
• → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
• → Romanian: zambilă
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул

  Latin script: zùmbul

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sümbül”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4376
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سنبل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 693
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Hyacinthus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 714
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سنبل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 2681
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sümbül”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سنبل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1081

Persian

سنبل

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سُنْبُل (sunbul).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sun.ˈbul]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊm.bʊ́l]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊm.bʊ́l]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊm.bʊ́l]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sum.búl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [som.ból̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sum.búl]

Readings
Classical reading?	sunbul
Dari reading?	sunbul
Iranian reading?	sonbol
Tajik reading?	sunbul

Noun

سنبل • (sonbol)

1. hyacinth
   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 163:

     آنرا که چون تو لاله رخی در سرا بود
     میلش بدیدن گل و سنبل چرا بود

     ān rā ki čūn tō lāla ruxī dar sarā buwad
     maylaš ba-dīdan-i gul u sunbul čirā buwad

     For someone with a tulip-cheeked [beauty] like you in his house,
     Why should he want to see the rose and the hyacinth?

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. (poetic, figurative) lock of beautiful dark hair

Descendants

• → Armenian: սմբուլ (smbul)
• → English: sumbal
• → Georgian: სუმბული (sumbuli)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: सुंबुल (sumbul)

  Urdu: سنبل (sumbul)

• → Kazakh: сүмбіл (sümbıl)
• → Sindhi: سنبل
• → Ottoman Turkish: سنبل (sümbül)
  • Turkish: sümbül
  • → Albanian: zymbyl
  • → Bulgarian: зюмбю́л (zjumbjúl)
  • → Gagauz: zümbül
  • → Greek: ζουμπούλι (zoumpoúli), ζιμπούλι n (zimpoúli)
  • Kurdish:

    → Northern Kurdish: sumbul, simbil

  • → Ladino: zimbul
  • → Macedonian: зумбул (zumbul)
  • → Romanian: zambilă
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: зу̀мбул

    Latin script: zùmbul

• → Uzbek: sumbul