gnomon
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French gnomon, or directly from its etymon Latin gnōmōn, or directly from its etymon Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “discerner, interpreter; carpenter’s square; gnomon of a sundial; (geometry) gnomon”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to be aware of; to perceive; to know”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”); the word is thus related to know.
The geometry sense (sense 4) is from the resemblance of the plane figure to a carpenter’s square.[1] Similarly, a gnomon in mathematics (sense 5) is also shaped like a carpenter’s square when depicted pictorially if the figurate numbers are squares.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈnəʊˌmɒn/, /ˈnəʊ.mən/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈnoʊˌmɑn/, /ˈnoʊ.mən/
- Rhymes: -əʊmɒn, -əʊmən, -oʊmɑn, -oʊmən
- Hyphenation: gno‧mon
Noun
[edit]gnomon (plural gnomons)
- An object such as a pillar or a rod that is used to tell time by the shadow it casts when the sun shines on it, especially the pointer on a sundial. [from mid 16th c.]
- 1700, Samuel Foster, “[Projective Dialling: [...] The Ninth Tractate. Appendix.] Chap. IV. A General and Most Easie Way to Project Hour-lines upon All Kinds of Superfices without any Regard had to Their Standing, either in respect of Declination or Inclination”, in William Leybourn, compiler, Dialling, Plain, Concave, Convex, Projective, Reflective, Refractive. Shewing, how to Make All such Dials, and to Adorn Them with All Useful Furniture Relating to the Course of the Sun; […], 2nd edition, London: Printed by J. Matthews, for Awnsham and John Churchill […], →OCLC, page 83:
- Let a Gnomon, being firſt ſharpened into a Point, be ſhaped, and faſtned in ſuch wiſe, that it no way hinder either the draught of the Horizontal Line, or the Point of the ſhadow from having free access to the Dial at all times of the Year. […] Upon the Superfices of the Dial, obſerve the Point of the Shadow of the Gnomon (making a mark at it) and the Sun's Altitude, both of them at the ſame inſtant of time.
- 1758 March, “An Account of an Ancient Astronomical Instrument, of Immense Dimensions, lately Restored to Use”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XXVIII, London: Printed by D[avid] Henry and R. Cave, […], published January 1755, →OCLC, page 99, column 1:
- The moſt celebrated gnomons, for examining the courſe of the ſun, which are exiſting at this time, have been ſuppoſed to be that in the church of St Petronio at Bologna, 89 Engliſh feet high; that of the Chartreux at Rome, about 67 feet; and that of St Sulpice at Paris, 86 feet. […] [T]he gnomon of the cathedral of that city [Florence], erected by [Paolo dal Pozzo] Toscanelli, in the courſe of the 16th century, whoſe height exceeds that of the three before-mentioned, taken all together, being near 300 Engliſh feet, and higher than our London monument by almoſt a third part.
- 1817, Brahmegupta [i.e., Brahmagupta], Bháscara [i.e., Bhāskara I], “Shadow of a Gnomon”, in Henry Thomas Colebrooke, transl., Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration, from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bháscara, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 108:
- [T]he gnomon being the upright, and the shadow the side, the square-root of the sum of the squares is the hypotenuse; […]
- 1981, R. M. Batson, V. S. Reed, R. L. Tyner, “Cartographic Procedures”, in George E. Ulrich, Carroll Ann Hodges, and William R[udolf] Muehlberger, editors, Geology of the Apollo 16 Area, Central Lunar Highlands […] (Geological Survey Professional Paper; 1048), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 530:
- Approximate scales can be placed on near-field objects in pictures containing the gnomon by using an ellipse template. The Apollo 16 gnomon […] stands on three legs that, on a hard surface, define a circle 61.7 cm in diameter.
- An object such as a pillar used by an observer to calculate the meridian altitude of the sun (that is, the altitude of the sun when it reaches the observer's meridian), for the purpose of determining the observer's latitude.
- 1659, Joseph Moxon, “Prob[lem] XVIII. Another Way to Find the Height of the Pole by the Globe; if the Place of the Sun be Given; and also to Find the Hour of the Day, and Azimuth, and Almicantar of the Sun.”, in A Tutor to Astronomie and Geographie: Or An Easie and Speedy Way to Know the Use of Both the Globes, Cœlestial and Terrestrial. In Six Books. […], London: Printed by Joseph Moxon; […], →OCLC, 2nd book (Shewing the Practical Use of the Globes. Applying Them to the Solution of Astronomical and Geographical Problemes.), page 56:
- This muſt be performed by help of a Spherick Gnomon, (as Blaew [Willem Janszoon Blaeu] calls it,) which is a ſmall Pin or Needle fixed perpendicularly into a ſmal Baſis with an hollow concave bottom, that it may ſtand upon the convexity of the Globe.
- 1791, William Robertson, “Section II. Intercourse with India, from the Establishment of the Roman Dominion in Egypt, to the Conquest of that Kingdom by the Mahomedans”, in An Historical Disquisition Concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India; […], London: Printed for A[ndrew] Strahan, and T[homas] Cadell […]; Edinburgh: E. Balfour, →OCLC, pages 78–79:
- In order to aſcertain the latitude of any place, the ancients obſerved the meridian altitude of the ſun, either by means of the ſhadow of a perpendicular gnomon, or by means of an aſtrolabe, from which it was eaſy to compute how many degrees and minutes the place of obſervation was diſtant from the Equator.
- The index of the hour circle of a globe.
- 1809, William Nicholson, “Index of a globe”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume III (E … I), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC, column 2:
- Index of a globe, the little style or gnomon, which being fixed on the pole of the globe, and turning round with it, points out the hours upon the hour circle.
- (geometry) A plane figure formed by removing a parallelogram from a corner of a larger parallelogram.
- 1728, E[phraim] Chambers, “Gnomon”, in Cyclopædia: Or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […] In Two Volumes, volumes I (A–H), London: […] James and John Knapton [et al.], →OCLC, page 164, column 2:
- If a Parallelogram be divided into four leſſer ones, by two Lines interſecting each other; and one of theſe Parallelograms be retrench'd, or taken away; the other three will make a Gnomon, ordinarily call'd a Square.
- (mathematics, by extension) A number representing the increment between two figurate numbers (“numbers equal to the numbers of dots in geometric figures formed of dots”).
- 1999, Midhat J. Gazalé, “Figurate and -adic Numbers”, in Gnomon: From Pharaohs to Fractals, Princeton, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 16 and 17:
Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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References
[edit]- ^ “gnomon, n.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1900.
Further reading
[edit]- gnomon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- gnomon (figure) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- gnomon (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- “gnomon”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “gnomon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “gnomon”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “gnomon”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Noun
[edit]gnomon m (plural gnomons)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “gnomon” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]
Esperanto
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gnomon
- accusative singular of gnomo
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin gnōmōn, from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “indicator”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gnomon
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “gnomon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “discerner, interpreter; gnomon of a sundial”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to be aware of; to perceive; to know”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈɡnoː.moːn/, [ˈŋnoːmoːn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɲo.mon/, [ˈɲɔːmon]
Noun
[edit]gnōmōn m (genitive gnōmonis); third declension
Declension
[edit]Third-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | gnōmōn | gnōmonēs |
genitive | gnōmonis | gnōmonum |
dative | gnōmonī | gnōmonibus |
accusative | gnōmonem | gnōmonēs |
ablative | gnōmone | gnōmonibus |
vocative | gnōmōn | gnōmonēs |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- All borrowed
References
[edit]- “gnomon”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- gnomon in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gnomon m inan
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- gnomon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- gnomon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French gnomon or Latin gnomon.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gnomon n (plural gnomoane)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | gnomon | gnomonul | gnomoane | gnomoanele | |
genitive-dative | gnomon | gnomonului | gnomoane | gnomoanelor | |
vocative | gnomonule | gnomoanelor |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- gnomon in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Swedish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gnomon ?
Declension
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- gnomon in Svensk ordbok.
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/əʊmɒn
- Rhymes:English/əʊmɒn/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/əʊmən
- Rhymes:English/əʊmən/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/oʊmɑn
- Rhymes:English/oʊmɑn/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/oʊmən
- Rhymes:English/oʊmən/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Geometry
- en:Mathematics
- en:Clocks
- en:Timekeeping
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/omon
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
- Esperanto noun forms
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- fr:Clocks
- Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin third declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the third declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔmɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔmɔn/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns